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1.
论UCP600对信用证审单标准的重构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
审单标准关系到信用证交易各方利益的平衡乃至信用证的生命力。传统的镜像标准、实质相符标准以及严格相符标准的固有局限减损了信用证的价值和功能。UCP600和ISBP681重构了信用证的审单标准。要想使信用证焕发出新的生命力,必须准确把握新的审单标准的精神和实质。  相似文献   

2.
信用证审单标准——严格相符原则适用与软化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目前关于信用证的审单标准与原则有不同的学说和主张,但严格相符原则是各国普遍采用的主流做法,它有利于信用证交易的确定性,提高信用证交易的经济效率。本文试图阐述严格相符原则存在的法理基础及其在UCP500中的体现,各国在实践中的运用,并针对其过于刚性的特点提出软化处理。  相似文献   

3.
ISBP的适用及案例研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
ISBP是国际商会继UCP500以来颁布的第一部正式补充文件,它提供了一套审核适用UCP500的信用证项下单据的国际惯例,对于各国正确理解和使用UCP500、统一和规范各国信用证审单实务、减少拒付争议的发生具有重要的意义。该文对ISBP产生的背景、与UCP500的关系及其主要的内容做了简要的评介,并通过研究运用ISBP解决业务纠纷的案例将有助于理解其在统一审单标准、规范单证业务中发挥的重要作用。  相似文献   

4.
《关于审核跟单信用证项下单据的国际标准银行实务》即ISBP规则是国际商会在信用证领域特别是在审单问题上的最新国际惯例,是各国银行、法院、律师和仲裁机构审核单据、解决审单纠纷的重要依据。但迄今为止,该规则尚未在国内引起足够重视。作者从ISBP规则的制定背景、主要内容、与UCP500的关系及适用以及其对严格相符标准的进一步软化处理等四个方面对该规则进行了较为系统的介绍和论述,以期进一步引起我国学者对ISBP规则的重视和研究。  相似文献   

5.
信用证是国际贸易中最基本和最常用的一种支付手段.据国际商会统计,以信用证作为支付手段的,占日常国际贸易的70%以上.然而在大量的信用证交易中,由于有关当事人对严格相符原则的理解不同(有时被片面理解甚至滥用),导致相当一部分不是因为跟单信用证下的单据因与信用证不符或表面不符而被拒收,这降低了跟单信用证的效力,对参与有关商品贸易的各方产生财政影响.因此,有必要辨证地理解严格相符原则,并在此基础上制定一套切实可行的、统一的、具体的审单标准,指导我们的信用证交易,使我们的国际金融贸易能健康迅速发展.  相似文献   

6.
信用证是国际贸易中重要的信用结算工具,由于信用证独立抽象的原则,银行只审单而不管实际的货物,导致国际贸易中利用信用证进行欺作的案件屡屡发生.因此,各国纷纷采取信用证欺诈例外原则来进行补救,但信用证欺诈例外原则的滥用则会损害合法受益人及善意第三方在信用证项下的利益,因此,对欺诈原则应适当地适用,以发挥其最佳效用.  相似文献   

7.
《UCP500》是现今国际银行界和贸易界广泛使用的一项国际贸易惯例。但其对指定行的有关规定存在一些缺陷:一是未对信用证中的指定行进行明确定义;二是虽对指定行的审单期限作了明确规定,但对其审单超过此期限的责任却未明确规定。针对上述缺陷及以后版本  相似文献   

8.
该文就信用证支付方式下出口商如何防范收款风险谈了3点看法:1.交易前对进口商和开证行进行资信调查,选择合适的客户和开证行;2.严格审核信用证条款,及时修改不适条款;3.仔细制单,审单,消除不符点。  相似文献   

9.
信用证历来被誉为“国际商业”的生命线,在国际贸易活动中占有重要位置。信用证包括跟单信用证和备用信用证,是由银行开立的附条件的书面约定,保证在符合信用证条款的条件下向受益人支付约定的款额。由于信用证适用领域的跨国性及银行审单时强调的是信用证与基础贸易分离的书面审查,因而暴露出信用证这种国际贸易结算方式天然存在的弱点,并给不法分子以可逞之机。本文结合信用证的运作特点,研讨国际贸易中的信用证欺诈行为。  相似文献   

10.
对UCP600中英文版本的掌握,有助于对信用证等商贸英语的正确理解。深入了解UCP600英文原文的特色及其中文译本的翻译策略,有利于银行从业人员与外贸从业人员避免因对商贸英语理解不到位而引发的制单、审单错误,对减少贸易纠纷与经济损失有着重要意义。  相似文献   

11.
信用证欺诈例外原则,是各国在国际贸易实践中逐渐建立完善的一种遏制信用证欺诈的重要制度。但不能将其作用绝对化,对它的使用不能过滥,否则会动摇信用证制度的根本。因此,实践中应严格限制信用证欺诈例外原则适用的条件,并应严格依照法定程序使用之。  相似文献   

12.
随着我国对外贸易不断发展,信用证的地位和作用愈加突出。文章针对信用证在国际贸易结算中的具体应用,从信息不对称的前提出发,着重分析了信用证项下的银行风险,进而提出了相应的防范措施。  相似文献   

13.
刘冬花 《快乐阅读》2011,(16):191-192
The principle of autonomy of letters of credit is regarded as one of the two broad principles on which the law relating to letters of credit is based;the other being the doctrine of strict compliance.In this article,we pursue the following route.First,we assess the nature of the autonomy of the credit.Secondly,we look at the fraud and illegality during the underlying transaction in more details.Thirdly,we make an overall understanding of this particular principle.  相似文献   

14.
信用证欺诈例外原则是为了防范信用证欺诈而创设的,它是在肯定信用证抽象独立原则的基础上形成的,信用证欺诈例外原则的形成和发展标志着信用证制度的不断完善和进步。文章对信用证欺诈例外原则的产生及理论基础、信用证欺诈例外原则的适用条件、信用证欺诈的救济途径、信用证欺诈例外的豁免等问题进行了初步探析,以期对防范信用证欺诈问题有所裨益。  相似文献   

15.
A study at Syracuse University funded by the Cooperative Assessment of Experiential Learning resulted in the development of a model for the assessment of experiential learning and the awarding of appropriate academic credit in a given educational environment. Academic courses were restructured to incorporate clearly stated performance (outcome) objectives grouped in logical modules. Self-assessment instruments, based on these objectives, were developed to provide the basis for establishing the criteria for awarding academic credit based upon the results of the self-assessment. Students possessing measurable knowledge at a level above the predetermined criteria may be awarded partial or full credit for the courses completed. Faculty were utilized to validate the self-assessment of students and specify the credit to be recorded.  相似文献   

16.
全面学分制对学生教育管理的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
简述了学分制的产生过程和学年学分制的弊端 ;提出了全面学分制的内涵和优点 ;分析了实行全面学分制将对现行学生教育管理模式的冲击 ;论述了在全面学分制条件下学生教育管理的新理念  相似文献   

17.
伪造、变造金融票证罪是刑法中一个十分重要的罪名,在司法实践中经常涉及。我国目前《刑法》第177条作了简单的立法规定,是指伪造、变造汇票、本票、支票、委托收款凭证、汇款凭证、银行存单及其他结算凭证、信用证或者附随的单据、文件以及伪造信用卡的行为。而关于伪造、变造金融票证罪的主观构成要件是否以使用为目的,学者对其众说纷纭,莫衷一是,结合司法实践,拟对伪造、变造金融票证罪的主观构成要件进行系统的分析,以期对理解和运用该罪名有所裨益。  相似文献   

18.
This paper reports how consultative work with teachers can be supported by the use of letters. Letters were written by an educational psychologist (EP) after a consultation meeting with a teacher. Features of therapeutic letter writing and solution‐focused brief therapy were used to increase the collaborative intent of the letters. Follow‐up questionnaires indicated that teachers valued this kind of letter highly, rating it as contributing to over 50% of the positive impact of EP involvement. There is discussion of the role consultative letters play in the joint work of teachers and EPs.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

This study investigated the reliability, validity, and utility of the following three measures of letter-formation quality: (a) a holistic rating system, in which examiners rated letters on a five-point Likert-type scale; (h) a holistic rating system with model letters, in which examiners used model letters that exemplified specific criterion scores to rate letters; and (c) a correct/incorrect procedure, in which examiners used transparent overlays and standard verbal criteria to score letters. Intrarater and interrater reliability coefficients revealed that the two holistic scoring procedures were unreliable, whereas scores obtained by examiners who used the correct/incorrect procedure were consistent over time and across examiners. Although all three of the target measures were sensitive to differences between individual letters, only the scores from the two holistic procedures were associated with other indices of handwriting performance. Furthermore, for each of the target measures, variability in scores was, for the most part, not attributable to the level of experience or sex of the respondents. Findings are discussed with respect to criteria for validating an assessment instrument.  相似文献   

20.
This article will focus on the credit point system and especially on the Dutch system. In many countries such a system has a long history, but in others it is a relatively new phenomenon. In the first section, the objectives of credit point systems will be introduced. In the second section the emergence and characteristics of the credit point system in the Netherlands will be presented. In the third section, some results of student behaviour in the first year in Higher education will be shown for different groups of students, such as how many credit points on average they earned and how many hours per week on average they studied. The findings demonstrate how empirical results from student behaviour, combined with the norms of the credit point system, can be used to evaluate the accountability of the academic programmes. In the last section, some challenges for the use of credit point systems in the nearby future will be discussed. Recently, one can see a rapid change from the traditional ways of testing to the assessment of competencies of students and student portfolios.  相似文献   

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