共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Tahar Abdessalem 《Prospects》2011,41(1):135-155
Like other developing countries, Tunisia has allocated increasing levels of resources to education, particularly higher education,
over the past few decades, mainly through public funding. From 2005 to 2008, public expenditure on education amounted to around
7.4% of GDP, with 2% allocated to higher education. Recently, however, budgetary constraints have increased, student enrollment
is increasing rapidly, and the country needs to improve its higher education so that graduates are more employable. In this
context, to enhance access and equity, public policy is required to define orientations and programmes to improve quality
and efficiency while reducing costs. This article first assesses public expenditure on higher education in Tunisia, with respect
to its adequacy, efficiency, and equity, and then explores the challenges posed to financing by demographic changes, the need
for higher quality of education, and private provision. It also examines some strategies for reinforcing financing, and analyzes
measures to increase private funding. 相似文献
2.
Daniel C. Levy 《Higher Education》2018,76(4):701-715
Societies’ relative use of private and public services is an abiding and significant issue of scholarly and policy interest. For higher education, however, there has hitherto been no comprehensive dataset and, accordingly, no extensive, reliable analysis of the private-public distribution. As this article provides both the dataset and the analysis, it allows us to discover both the size and geographical shape of global private higher education. Having grown greatly for decades, the private sector now holds a third (32.9%) of the world’s total higher education enrollment. We find striking patterns of concentration and dispersion. The several largest country systems account for much of the private enrollment but, simultaneously, private sectors now exist in all but a few systems; a stunning 97.6% of the world’s present enrollment is in systems with dual-sector provision. Societies no longer rely exclusively on public provision. We discover too that private enrollment concentrates mostly in developing regions, though it is noteworthy in developed regions as well. Asia and Latin America are the twin giants but in all regions, at least 10% of students are in the private sector. 相似文献
3.
This paper explores the complex relationship between social justice and education in the public and private spheres. The politics of education is often presented as a battle between left and right, the state and the market. In this representation, the public and the private spheres are neatly aligned on either side of the line of battle, and social justice is commonly seen as the prerogative of the public sphere. This paper challenges this representation. It shows how the language of what counts as public and private in education is historically specific, culturally contingent and ideologically loaded. Through drawing on a range of education policies and practices, the paper demonstrates that ‘public’ and ‘private’ are not simple opposites. Moreover, it argues that social justice can be conceptualised in ways that have complex and multi-faceted implications for public and private sphere involvement. The paper concludes that if we are to enhance our understanding of the relationship between social justice and education we need to recognise the multi-faceted nature of what counts as private, what counts as public and what counts as justice. 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACTThis article examines a particular type of public–private partnership (PPP) that is rarely studied in comparative educational policy studies: one in which a government funds privately run international schools. The aim of this PPP is to enrich and thereby improve the regular curriculum or to the quality of education in public schools. As the exponential growth of International Baccalaureate (IB) illustrates, such forms of PPP have increased significantly over the past few years. The authors show that transnational accreditation holds a special appeal for the middle class that is committed to cosmopolitanism, international mobility, and global citizenship. However, international standards schools such as IB are not alone with advancing a transnational accreditation of their educational programmes. Symbolically, Programme in International Student Assessment also provides a transnational accreditation, albeit not on individual education programmes but rather on entire educational systems. The article examines the reasons for the popularity of this type of PPP, analyses the interaction between the private and public education sectors, and investigates how governments explain, and what they expect from, the close cooperation with private education providers. 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Educational Development》1988,8(1):25-42
An attempt is made in this paper to present an empirical analysis of costs of education in India. Besides making his own fresh analysis in this paper, the author draws on the studies conducted and estimates made earlier by the author himself and by others on costs and related aspects of education in India, on the basis of which certain valuable inferences, conclusions and policy implications relating to a variety of dimensions of the problem are made, such as importance of costs in educational planning, the complementary role between private and institutional costs, the nature of production process in the educational system, regional variations in the costs of education, the relationship between cost of education and economic development, etc. The paper ends with a few major suggestions on the problem. 相似文献
6.
阎凤桥 《北京大学教育评论》2012,10(2):64-78,189
农村县政府对于公立教育和民办教育是不偏不倚还是持重此轻彼的态度?本文通过对我国北方某县的实地调查,发现体制性因素使县政府总体上偏向公立教育发展,但是体制性限制所留下的"缝隙"恰好成为民办教育发展的契机。当民办教育处于萌芽阶段,其发展水平不影响政府的政绩,政府对民办教育采取了放任自流的政策;当民办教育通过自发形式发展到一定水平,特别是能够有利于实现政府制定的教育目标、提升政府政绩表现时,政府会对其办学行为进行鼓励和支持。该个案调研和经济学研究理论启发我们,可以将竞争作为分析我国农村教育问题的一个新视角。 相似文献
7.
民办高校现已成为我国高等教育体系的重要组成部分,对民办高校进行财政资助是促进其发展的重要举措。基于历史制度主义的分析视角发现,自改革开放以来,我国民办高校财政资助制度历经初步形成、法制化建设、多样化发展以及差别化扶持四个阶段,其制度变迁深受宏观制度环境、民办高校发展受重视程度以及财政资助目标转变的影响,变迁过程中存在路径依赖现象,在整体上呈现出以诱致性变迁为主、强制性变迁为辅的变迁逻辑。后续民办高校财政资助制度的发展,将注重经费投入增加与支出结构优化相协调、充分体现财政杠杆的三重作用、平衡好财政资助的效率与公平。 相似文献
8.
R. A. Schibeci 《Research in Science Education》1989,19(1):241-248
This paper describes sources of science and technology education in a metropolitan area. The sources are classified into three
groups: government or semigovernment, private organisations and tertiary institutions. Issues relating to these sources include
the adquacy of the provision of information for interested adults, the ‘user pays’ principle in relation to some of these
sources and the notion of ‘public understanding of science’. 相似文献
9.
我国一些地方政府在过去的几年中开始推进民办教育制度创新。文章基于对这些制度创新案例的研究指出,这些案例具有一些共同的特点,如地方政府具有改善公共服务的基本观念、直面民办教育发展中的关键问题,以及在地方政府力所能及的权限范围内进行改革。然而,这些创新还受到很多因素的制约,尤其是政府部门和公共学校形成的利益格局的阻力。同时,公众参与程度低、推动创新的人治力量太强也是其中的制约因素。因此,建立对创新的有效保障机制,是今后民办教育制度创新得以持续的关键。 相似文献
10.
The public/private divide in higher education: A global revision 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Simon Marginson 《Higher Education》2007,53(3):307-333
Our common understandings of the public/private distinction in higher education are drawn from neo-classical economics and/or
statist political philosophy. However, the development of competition and markets at the national level, and the new potentials
for private and public goods created by globalisation in higher education, have exposed weaknesses in the traditional notions
of public/private. For example, (1) the statist notion that higher education is always/already a public good blinds us to
its role in producing scarce positional private goods, even in free systems; (2) because there is no global state, both statists
and neo-liberals model the global higher education environment simply as a trading environment without grasping the potential
for global public goods in education – goods that are subject to non-rivalry or non-excludability, and broadly available across
populations, on a global scale. Yet higher education in one nation has the potential to create positive and negative externalities
in another; and all higher education systems and institutions can benefit from collective systems e.g. that facilitate cross-border
recognition and mobility. The paper sets out to revise public/private in higher education. Rather than defining public/private
in terms of legal ownership, it focuses on the social character of the goods. It argues that public/private goods are not
always zero sum and under certain conditions provide conditions of possibility for each other. It proposes (a) units in national
government that focus specifically on cross-border effects; (b) global policy spaces – taking in state agencies, individual
universities, NGOs and commercial agents – to consider the augmentation, distribution of and payment for global public goods.
This paper has been adapted from a keynote address to the Conference of Higher Education Researchers (CHER), University of
Twente, Enschede, 19 September 2004. The CHER conference was focused on the public/private question. Warm thanks to Erik Beerkens,
Jurgen Enders, Marijk van Wende, Ben Jongbloed, Guy Neave, other colleagues who took part in discussion at the CHER conference,
and the reviewers for Higher Education. 相似文献
11.
全球化背景下高等教育公私属性的思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用萨缪尔森的产品概念来界定高等教育产品的公私属性,并以此来分析高等教育的全球性、浮现的世界市场和全球公共产品,那么以是否国有来界定高等教育产品的属性就行不通了.若从社会特性来区分产品的公私属性,那么全球的高等教育产品只能分为非排他性和非竞争性两类.由于公共产品往往在市场上生产不足,所以,充分认识高等教育私有产品在世界市场上的内在属性有现实意义. 相似文献
12.
Richard Pring 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(4):289-299
The private/public divide in education has been with us for a long time, but only recently have we been alerted to the privatization of education. This means two things: first, making public education increasingly dependent on private funds, and, second, encouraging the development of private education by supporting it with public funds. The consequences of this are explored, but above all the paper challenges the ways in which we have traditionally drawn the distinction between public and private responsibilities. There is a need to re‐conceptualize the problem. In doing so, the paper raises underlying ethical and social issues which otherwise get ignored or dismissed. Above all, however, the need to tackle the issues is demonstrated, but as a consequence of privatization, the public sector of education becomes an impoverished substitute for what cannot be bought. 相似文献
13.
Much of the debate on the relative merits of vocational and academic education has focused on the costs of such schooling. The issue has usually been argued in terms of the public costs involved while the private costs have been ignored. This article compares both the public and private costs of technical-vocational and of academic upper secondary education in Greece. For the Greek case, the private costs of education are much higher for academic than for vocational education while the public costs are similar. The implications of this observation for educational policy are discussed. 相似文献
14.
高等教育学费二元结构是公办和民办高校产权差异和学费制度差异的反映。公共财政不足造成了公办和民办高等教育的二元规制、市场的二元分割和市场功能定位的分化。这导致学费定价中政府与市场的边界不清、公办和民办高等教育学费标准的差异与质量的差异不对称、个人投资收益率的差异扩大、学费的资源配置功能弱化。“效率优先,兼顾公平”是其指导思想,其不利于先天禀赋不足的学生,其社会福利效应逐渐降低。在公共财政能力已经增强,高等教育已经大众化的背景下,应该取消对公办和民办高等教育的二元规制,加大民办高等教育的财政投入,提高民办高等教育的质量,加强民办高等教育的学生资助,消除高等教育学费二元结构的不利影响。 相似文献
15.
美国高等教育经历了一个由私立高校一统天下到公立高校逐步兴起,再到两者并驾齐驱,并最终公立高校占主流地位的历史发展过程。美国能够最早实现高等教育大众化,靠的就是私立高校和公立高校的共同努力来实现的。在这个过程中,美国政府通过立法和财政资助等途径,不断协调公立与私立高校的关系,推进教育和谐发展。 相似文献
16.
王敏 《天津职业院校联合学报》2011,13(11):126-128
文章通过对比民办高校和公办高校的图书馆用户特点,概述了当前民办高校图书馆的特点及存在的问题;并结合个人实践阐述了民办高校图书馆服务的开展策略及具体措施。 相似文献
17.
Mahsood Shah Hai Yen Vu Sue-Ann Stanford 《Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education》2019,23(1):5-11
The last decade has witnessed a significant growth of private higher education around the world. The growth included the number of private education providers, and also the growing number of students. While some countries are experiencing trend growth, others are witnessing decline. Some of the reasons for the decline include increased regulation and stringent accreditation and reaccreditation of higher education institutions and courses, government policies to encourage the growth of public universities, and acquisition of small providers by large private education institutions. The growth of private higher education has increased competition, and it has also established collaboration with public institutions. The growth of private higher education has also raised concerns about ethical governance, maintenance of academic standards, and mechanisms to plan, review, and improve educational outcomes. This paper focuses on Australia where despite growth, there is limited research about private higher education. This paper reviews literature on the global growth and decline of private higher education. It then analyses the trends in Australia and possible scenarios for the future of private higher education in the country. 相似文献
18.
Public and private sectors in higher education: A comparison of international patterns 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Roger L. Geiger 《Higher Education》1988,17(6):699-711
This paper seeks to extend understanding of the varying nature and varying forms of private higher education. Three basic structural divisions between private and public sectors of higher education are compared: mass private and restricted public sectors; parallel public and private sectors; and, comprehensive public and peripheral private sectors. The private sectors are then contrasted in terms of such functional characteristics as state authority, financial constraints and dominant orientation toward either academic goals, the student marketplace or external patrons. The highly diverse American private sector is viewed in this context. A consideration of mass private sectors then suggests that parameters of public policy are set by structurally derived characteristics of higher education systems.An earlier version of this paper was delivered to the Third International Seminar on Higher Education in Asia, sponsored by the Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, January 28–29, 1987. This version has benefited from the comments of the Conference participants, as well as those of Paul DiMaggio. 相似文献
19.
我国民办高等学校区域分布、时间变化及其影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
民办高等学校数是衡量我国民办高等教育发展状况的一个重要指标。以往的研究证明,经济发展和公立高等教育发展是影响民办高等教育发展的两个重要因素。本文建立了以民办高等学校数为因变量,以GDP和公立普通高等学校数为自变量的回归模型,并利用我国31个省、自治区和直辖市2002年、2005年和2006年的有关数据,对回归模型进行了统计分析,结果表明民办普通高等学校区域分布及其时间变化受GDP及其变化的显著影响;独立学院区域分布受公立普通高等学校数的显著影响;民办高等学校区域分布及其时间变化同时受GDP和公立普通高等学校数及其变化的显著影响。以市为单位进行的分析发现,以省为单位的分析结果会低估公立普通高等学校对于民办普通高等学校的积极影响。 相似文献