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近年来国内学习障碍儿童认知特征研究综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
学习障碍已成为当今学龄儿童常见的问题,并引起国内外各界研究者的高度重视。本文从视觉-空间认知缺陷、言语理解表达不足、注意集中困难、汉字再认困难、抽象信息的感知、加工处理能力受损几个方面对近年言语型学习障碍儿童认知特征的研究进行了分析,并从视觉-运动和空间认知障碍、神经心理缺陷、精神运动能力及性格、行为缺陷、社会认知缺陷几个方面对非言语型学习障碍儿童认知特征的研究进行述评。 相似文献
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本文采用问卷调查法、访谈法和数理统计法对目前大学生学业作弊现状进行调查,并从学生个体特征及心理等内在因素和外在因素两个方面分析大学生学业作弊的原因,提出减少大学生学业作弊行为的对策. 相似文献
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《教育前沿(综合版)》2007,(6)
本文通过对学习障碍生的行为分析,揭示了班级中部分学生学业不良的根源所在,指出教师要接纳关心这群弱势群体,对于学习障碍的研究与诊治要依赖于教育、医学、心理等多学科领域的携手合作。 相似文献
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高水平运动员文化素质教育是培养优秀体育人才的关键环节,也是实现我国体育强国战略目标的重要举措。文章基于学业投入度理论,在自编问卷的基础上,对湖北省9所高校的高水平运动员学业情况进行调查,从高水平运动员学业投入的三个维度,即行为投入、认知投入和情感投入的现状及其影响因素进行分析。研究结果显示:高水平运动员学业投入处于一般水平,其中学习行为投入较为不足;不同个体特征高水平运动员的学业投入情况存在显著差异;其中,内部学习动机、专业志向和院校学业环境支持度对学业投入有正面影响;训练压力对学业投入有负面影响。基于上述结论,各高校可从高水平运动员个体特征差异、学训安排、院校培养模式等方面着手推进高水平运动员的学业发展。 相似文献
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画像技术在当前精准营销中的应用非常广泛,而其在教育领域尤其是在线学习者的特征识别方面研究较少。文章从学习者的一般特征、学习准备、学习风格、行为特征四个方面对学习者进行分析,提出在线学习者画像描述的总体框架。同时,通过机器学习对在线学习行为数据进行挖掘,文章分别从以上四个方面对学习者画像进行建模研究,重点讨论了学习风格的建模过程,并通过对在线学习者个案分析,阐述了学习者画像在指导学习资源精准推荐、评估在线学习者学业失败或退出风险等方面的应用,为个性化教育实施提供了实践案例。 相似文献
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用问卷调查的方法对河北省秦皇岛市296名高中生的学习行为、归因方式展开研究,探讨了在新课程改革的背景下,高中生学业自我效能感、学习归因方式的特点、它们与语文成绩之间的关系及它们对语文成绩的影响。发现高中生学业自我效能感存在文理、城乡差异;学生对语文学科进行归因时都是以内部可控归因为主,其后依次为内部不可控归因、外部不可控归因、外部可控归因。进一步分析发现,文、理科学生在对语文学科进行归因时在内部可控因子上存在显著的差异。另外,高中生学业自我效能感、学习归因与语文学业成绩存在显著相关关系。高中生学业自我效能感、学习归因对语文学业成绩有预测作用。 相似文献
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学业疲惫感是目前高校英语专业学生出现的较为常见的现象之一。学业压力、心理压力导致学生出现课堂沉默、厌学等各种被动的学习行为。本研究从学生视角针对大连外国语大学英语专业学生的学业疲惫问题进行深入探讨,分析其表现及原因并针对成因提出合理有效的解决对策,促进师生间沟通,改变消极状态,改进学习方法,完成大学学业。 相似文献
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目前学习障碍已成为当今学龄儿童常见的问题,这一问题严重影响着学生的学业成绩和身心的健康发展。当前对学习障碍学生的教育还主要集中在学业技能的发展及矫治方面,对情绪、情感方面的重视还远远不够。在此问题上,人本主义学习理论给教育工作者提供了新的视角。文章从人本主义学习理论视角探讨了学习障碍学生的教育策略,阐述了人本主义学习理论带来的启示。 相似文献
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很多研究试图揭示学习障碍与社会技能缺失的关系,探讨社会技能起缺失是否是学习障碍儿童特有的现象。研究者围绕学习障碍定义关于社会技能缺失的表述,学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失成因,学习障碍子类型与社会技能缺失的关系以及学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失元分析研究四个方面对这一问题进行研究。研究学习障碍与社会技能缺失的关系对教育者开展干预工作具有重要的指导意义。将来的研究应关注学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失的类型特点和发展特点。 相似文献
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Stability of arithmetic disability subtypes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Silver CH Pennett HD Black JL Fair GW Balise RR 《Journal of learning disabilities》1999,32(2):108-119
Cross-sectional research has identified subtypes of children with learning disabilities who may have distinctive cognitive ability patterns. This study examined the stability over 19 months of academic subtyping classifications for 80 children ages 9 to 13 representing four subtypes of arithmetic disabilities (AD), using three criteria for learning disability identification. Approximately half of the sample retained AD regardless of identification method. Children with pervasive deficits in arithmetic, reading, and spelling displayed the greatest subtype stability. Only one third of the children with the other subtypes, including those with isolated arithmetic deficits, retained their original subtypes. Thus, drawing conclusions and making recommendations based on academic subtyping at a single point in time may be unwise. 相似文献
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ObjectiveAbusive head trauma is the leading cause of physical abuse deaths in children under the age of 5 and is associated with severe long-lasting health problems and developmental disabilities. This study evaluates the long-term impact of AHT and identifies factors associated with poor long-term outcomes (LTOs).MethodsWe used the Truven Health MarketScan Research Claims Database (2000–2015) to identify children diagnosed with AHT and follow them up until they turn 5. We identified the incidence of behavioral disorders, communication deficits, developmental delays, epilepsy, learning disorders, motor deficits, and visual impairment as our primary outcomes.ResultsThe incidence of any disability was 72% (676/940) at 5 years post-injury. The rate of developmental delays was 47%, followed by 42% learning disorders, and 36% epilepsy. Additional disabilities included motor deficits (34%), behavioral disorders (30%), visual impairment (30%), and communication deficits (11%). Children covered by Medicaid experienced significantly greater long-term disability than cases with private insurance. In a propensity-matched cohort that differ primarily by insurance, the risk of behavioral disorders (RD 36%), learning disorders (RD 30%), developmental delays (RD 30%), epilepsy (RD 18%), and visual impairment (RD 12%) was significantly higher in children with Medicaid than kids with private insurance.ConclusionAHT is associated with a significant long-term disability (72%). Children insured by Medicaid have a disproportionally higher risk of long-term disability. Efforts to identify and reduce barriers to health care access for children enrolled in Medicaid are critical for the improvement of outcomes and quality of life. 相似文献
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Social skills deficits as a primary learning disability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Advances in the definition of social skills deficits in children and youth with learning disabilities are presented and critiqued. The proposed modified definition of learning disability by the Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities, which includes social skills deficits as a specific learning disability, is presented and discussed. This definition is analyzed from primary, secondary, and social learning theory causative hypotheses. Development of an adequate assessment technology is viewed as critical to the identification and classification of social skills deficits in children and youth with learning disabilities. 相似文献
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V. J. Hinton D. C. De Vivo R. Fee E. Goldstein Y. Stern 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2004,19(3):146-154
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a neurogenetic developmental disorder that presents with progressive muscular weakness. It is caused by a mutation in a gene that results in the absence of specific products that normally localize to muscle cells and the central nervous system (CNS). The majority of affected individuals have IQs within the normal range, generally with lower verbal than performance IQ scores. Prior work has demonstrated selective deficits on tests of verbal span and immediate memory. For the current study, 26 boys with DMD (and normal intellectual function) and their unaffected siblings were evaluated. Paired comparisons demonstrated that the children with DMD had significantly poorer academic achievement scores than their siblings, even though their vocabulary levels and home and educational environments were comparable. Children with DMD also had more behavioral concerns, physical disabilities, and poorer verbal memory spans. Linear regression indicated that behavioral concerns, executive function, and physical disability did not contribute substantially to academic performance, whereas performance on verbal span did. DMD presents with a selective developmental aberration in verbal span that has wide‐ranging consequences on learning skills. 相似文献
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王春红 《湖南第一师范学报》2008,8(4):31-32
学习障碍已成为当今学龄儿童常见的问题,并引起国内外各界研究者的高度重视。言语型学习障碍的认知特征及影响因素主要表现在视觉一空间、语言、抽象信息等方面;非言语型学习障碍儿童认知特征及影响因素主要表现在视觉和空间、性格和行为、社会认知等方面。对学习障碍的教育矫治需要学校、老师和家长的共同努力。 相似文献
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采用Achenbach儿童行为量表对儿童行为进行问卷测评。对学习障碍与学习优秀儿童的行为问题进行了对比分析,寻求儿童学习障碍的行为制约因素。结果显示(1)学习障碍男童在多动和违纪两个因子上评分显著高于学习优秀男童;在社交退缩和攻击两个因子上,两组儿童得分的差异接近显著水平;学习障碍女童在多动、违纪和攻击因子上的得分显著高于学习优秀女童;在抑郁和社交退缩两项因子上得分的差异接近显著水平。(2)多动与攻击、违纪等多个问题行为存在显著的相关。由此得出结论:学习障碍儿童存在较多的行为问题,这些问题行为都是影响他们学习成绩的因素。其中,多动是导致儿童学习障碍的重要原因之一。对此,可采用无条件积极关注,改变认知等措施来帮助学习障碍儿童矫正不良行为。 相似文献
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W B Heyman 《Journal of learning disabilities》1990,23(8):472-475
Eighty-seven children with learning disabilities, aged 9 through 11 years 11 months, completed measures of self-esteem, academic self-concept, and self-perception of their learning disability. The Self-Perception of Learning Disability (SPLD) instrument measures the extent to which children with learning disabilities perceive their disability as (a) delimited rather than global, (b) modifiable rather than permanently limiting, and (c) not stigmatizing. It was hypothesized that self-perception of one's learning disability would be related positively to both academic self-concept and self-esteem, and that each of these relationships would remain significant when controlling for sex, ethnicity, age, reading and math achievement, self-contained versus mainstreamed classroom setting, and age at diagnosis. Correlations and multiple regression analyses confirmed these hypotheses. Results were discussed in terms of helping children to develop less negative self-perceptions of their disabilities. 相似文献
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Students with learning disabilities face several challenges in postsecondary education settings. The authors explore the issue and shed light on the importance of self‐advocacy for academic success. The stepped care model (SCM) is suggested as an approach to assist college students with learning disabilities in developing these skills and obtaining services. A brief case example from 1 of the authors' work is shared to illustrate the use of the SCM with a student with a learning disability. 相似文献