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1.
根据南水北调中线大型矩形混凝土渡槽在夏季太阳辐射工况下温度场的分布及变化规律,建立了太阳辐射模型,并依据渡槽温度边界条件,采用有限元法对其进行了系统分析。结果表明：太阳辐射对混凝土渡槽运行期温度场影响显著,时空变化剧烈,会造成渡槽结构骤变的温度场和较强非线性的温度分布,进而影响渡槽的正常使用。 相似文献
2.
《家用空气源热泵辅助型太阳能热水系统技术条件》中对整机综合制热性能系数（COP）试验的平均环境温度和全天太阳能辐照量给出了一定变化范围,为研究这一变化对整机综合COP的影响,将整机的性能试验分两个阶段进行,其中太阳能热水系统加热段在户外进行,空气源热泵加热段在环境温度可控的环境试验室进行。试验表明在标准规定的变化范围内,平均环境温度的变化及全天辐照量的变化对空气源热泵辅助太阳能热水系统整机综合COP有较大影响．其中因平均环境温度的变化及全天辐照量的变化对太阳能热水系统性能影响而引起整机综合COP的变化较小．而因平均环境温度的变化对空气源热泵性能的影响而引起整机综合COP的变化最大可达40％左右。据此对该标准的试验方法、试验条件提出了修改建议。 相似文献
3.
多塔斜拉桥是近年来出现的新桥型,其主梁的温度效应对该类桥型的受力行为有很大的影响。采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对其主梁截面的温度场进行分析时,边界条件的处理是一大难点,文章尝试将太阳辐射转化为等效大气温度的方法,得到了较为满意的结果。 相似文献
4.
为确定残积土表面蒸发强度影响因素的敏感程度及其模型,以2种花岗岩残积土为例,采用自制室内蒸发试验,分析了温度、风速、太阳辐射、空气湿度、压实度、含水率对蒸发强度的影响规律,并标定了E0—θ模型的参数．结果表明,土体在高温（40℃）条件下蒸发强度约为低温（5℃）条件下的10-20倍;受太阳辐射时蒸发强度约为相同温度下不受太阳辐射时的1．5～2倍;有风条件下土表蒸发强度约为无风状态下的2～4倍;空气湿度越低蒸发强度越高;随着土壤压实度的增加,土壤蒸发强度逐渐减小,但其影响较小;土体蒸发强度随含水率降低呈减小趋势,并可近似为直线关系．因此,在确定土袁蒸发强度时应重点考虑温度、风速、空气湿度、太阳辐射、含水率的影响;E0-θ蒸发模型适用于花岗岩残积土的蒸发强度模型,相关指数均在0．9以上． 相似文献
5.
钢-混凝土组合箱梁日照温差的实测和理论分析(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨和验证钢-混凝土组合截面日照温度场的计算方法, 依托某大跨径三跨变截面连续箱梁桥, 对钢-混凝土组合箱梁的日照温度场进行了现场实测. 通过实测发现, 由于各腹板接受太阳漫散射的程度不同, 外侧钢梁温度普遍高于内侧箱梁, 且钢箱的整体平均温度数值与箱内空气基本吻合. 在此基础上借助ANSYS有限元计算软件, 根据不同位置钢腹板所处环境条件确定了各自的太阳辐射和对流换热情况, 进行了综合边界条件的瞬态热分析. 各测点理论计算结果与实测数据能较好地吻合, 温度差值在2℃以内, 说明了理论计算方法的可靠性, 为后续深入研究钢-混凝土组合截面日照温度场奠定了基础. 相似文献
6.
坝体混凝土在水化热、水温、气温、太阳辐射等因素的影响下,其内部温度发生变化会引起坝体裂缝等情况出现,因此,温度计作为大坝温度监测的一种有效手段,通过分析温度计的观测数据就可知坝体内部温度分布和变化的趋势. 相似文献
7.
用分子动力理论导出了辐射场施于静止帆和运动帆的压强,并从动力学观点讨论了辐射场与帆之间的能量转换效率,同时指出了文[1]存在的一些问题. 相似文献
8.
Based on the surface energy balance model which is widely used abroad, a temperature and humidity field coupling model of conservatory soil without crop vegetation in full illumination was established. Considering the relatively closed environment in conservatory, weak solar radiation and little surface evaporation of soil, the daily variation of water content in different soil layers may be neglected, then the temperature and humidity field coupling model was simplified to a one-dimensional thermal diffusion model. The simplified model and the temperature and humidity field coupling model adopted the same computational method of soil physical parameters and discrete format of heat diffusion differential equations, and were applied to the continuous simulation of temperature field in conservatory soil without crop vegetation in full illumination. Through the comparison between simulation results and experimental data, the precision of the simplified model was verified. The typical rule of soil heat flux variation in a 24 h cycle was also obtained. 相似文献
9.
研究了MWCNT－H2O纳米流体的光学及光热特性,利用紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计结合积分球原理测试了不同质量分数的纳米流体在太阳能全波段（250 nm＜λ＜2500 nm）的透射率。利用太阳辐射对纳米流体的光热转换特性进行了测试。实验结果表明：纳米流体的透射率明显低于水的,并且纳米流体的透射率随着粒子质量分数的增加而降低。纳米流体（质量分数为0.02%）的最高温度比水提高了31.87%,集热量比水增加了54.14%。MWCNT－H2O纳米流体有望用在直接吸收式太阳能集热系统中。 相似文献
10.
根据广州1市2007-2011年的逐日太阳辐射和日照时间观测数据,对广州市的月太阳总辐射、散射辐射、水平面直射辐射以及每月日最大总辐射辐照度历年平均值进行了计算。分析了广州市太阳辐射量的变化特征,根据Angstrom—Prescott模型,推导出了太阳总辐射月均值及日值的估算经验公式,对所得到的经验公式运用平均百分误差、平均偏差、均方根误差进行了误差分析,结果表明能满足工程应用的要求。 相似文献
11.
* Due to snow accumulation and ice formation onhighways, traffic accidents happen frequently in win-ter, causing great losses of economy and lives. Soroad snowremoval has been given great concern[1]. Geothermal road snow-melting system (GRSS)with solar energy storage is an effective, non-pollutionapplied sustainable energy technology developed in re-cent years. Its prominent advantage is to realize sea-sonal thermal storage and improve energy efficien-cy[2]. In Sapporo of Japan, a GRSS sys… 相似文献
12.
It is promising to simultaneously develop multiple products through the combined utilization of sea-water by solar chimney technology. A small scale experimental system was set up. The collector temperature, the seawater temperature, and the temperature and humidity of the airflow under the collector were measured. Thermal network analysis of the system was carried out. The results show that the airflow is nearly saturated at the entrance of the chimney, and the mean dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures of the airflow have increased by 8.4℃ and 9.6℃ respectively. The radiation heat transfer between the collector and the sky is the biggest heat loss in the system, which is up to 29.1% on average of the solar energy. However, the water evaporation heat is about 23.6% on average of the solar energy. To reduce the heat loss and enhance the water evaporation, it is necessary to reduce the emissivity and thermal conductivity of the collector and increase the evaporation areas. 相似文献
13.
蒋涛 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2013,(3):149-150
本文以传热学中传导、对流、辐射三个基本定律为基础,建立了环轧过程中的温度分布的数学模型,该算法对具有矩形截面的环形轧件温度分布规律分析具有通用性。 相似文献
14.
J. Srinivasan 《Resonance》2008,13(12):1146-1155
The surface temperature of the earth is controlled by the balance between the absorbed solar radiation and the emitted infrared
radiation. During the past 150 years the amount of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere has increased from 280 parts per
million to more than 380 parts per million on account of burning of fossil fuels. The higher absorption of infrared radiation
by the atmosphere (on account of higher carbon dioxide) has resulted in an increase in the surface temperature of the earth.
The burning of fossil fuels has also caused an increase in sulphate and soot aerosols in the atmosphere. Both these aerosols
reduce the solar radiation incident at the earth surface. Hence the surface of the earth has cooled on account of increase
in aerosols. The sulphate aerosols have also cooled the atmosphere but the soot aerosols, which absorb solar radiation, have
heated the atmosphere. The net impact of increase in carbon dioxide and aerosols has been an increase in the surface temperature
of the earth by 0.7 degrees centigrade in the past 100 years.
J Srinivasan is a Professor at the Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
He was a lead author in the second and fourth reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 相似文献
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16.
INTRODUCTION Turbulent gas-particle flows are frequently found in natural phenomena and industrial processes.Cases of cylinders in cross flows with particles occur in heat exchange equipment,including the convective zone of a fluidized-bed combustor,and in the primary superheaters,reheaters,and economizers of coal-fired boilers.Coherent structures often occur in the above-mentioned gas-particle flow,and have great effect on such different systems,while some features of tur-bulent multiphas… 相似文献
17.
In order to avoid the influence of noise variance on the filtering performances, a modified adaptive weighted averaging (MAWA) filtering algorithm is proposed for noisy image sequences. Based upon adaptive weighted averaging pixel values in consecutive frames, this algorithm achieves the filtering goal by assigning smaller weights to the pixels with inappropriate estimated motion trajectory for noise. It only utilizes the intensity of pixels to suppress noise and accordingly is independent of noise variance. To evaluate the performance of the proposed filtering algorithm, its mean square error and percentage of preserved edge points were compared with those of traditional adaptive weighted averaging and non-adaptive mean filtering algorithms under different noise variances. Relevant results show that the MAWA filtering algorithm can preserve image structures and edges under motion after attenuating noise, and thus may be used in image sequence filtering. 相似文献
18.
《天津大学学报(英文版)》2017,(5)
In GaN has been predicted to be an efficient photovoltaic material. However, the high-density polarization charges and large potential barrier at the i-In GaN/nGaN interface create an electric field that severely decreases the collection efficiency of p-In GaN/i-In GaN/nGaN heterostructure solar cells. We demonstrate that,according to numerical simulations, utilizing a p-In GaN/iIn GaN/n-ZnO heterostructure can greatly reduce the piezoelectric field in the absorption layer and reduce the potential barrier between the n-type layer and the absorption layer interface, thus improving the performances of the solar cell. Moreover, we studied the influence of the band alignment on the ZnO/In GaN interface on the performance of the solar cell. We found that the band alignment of the ZnO/In GaN interface can keep the solar cells at a very high efficiency over a wide scope. 相似文献
19.
Genetic optimization algorithm of PID decoupling control for VAV air-conditioning system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Variable-air-volume (VAV) air-conditioning system is a multi-variable system and has multi coupling control loops. While all
of the control loops are working together, they interfere and influence each other. A multivariable decoupling PID controller
is designed for VAV air-conditioning system. Diagonal matrix decoupling method is employed to eliminate the coupling between
the loop of supply air temperature and that of thermal-space air temperature. The PID controller parameters are optimized
by means of an improved genetic algorithm in floating point representations to obtain better performance. The population in
the improved genetic algorithm mutates before crossover, which is helpful for the convergence. Additionally the micro mutation
algorithm is proposed and applied to improve the convergence during the later evolution. To search the best parameters, the
optimized parameters ranges should be amplified 10 times the initial ideal parameters. The simulation and experiment results
show that the decoupling control system is effective and feasible. The method can overcome the strong coupling feature of
the system and has shorter governing time and less over-shoot than non-optimization PID control. 相似文献
20.
Jin CHENG ;Gui-fang DUAN ;Zhen-yu LIU ;Xiao-gang LI ;Yi-xiong FENG ;Xiao-hai CHEN 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2014,(10):774-788
研究目的：为改善实际工程结构在不确定性条件下的多性能指标,提供一种高效的区间多目标优化方法。创新要点：建立一个目标和约束均为区间不确定性参数函数的区间约束多目标优化模型,提出并实现基于径向基函数、区间分析和非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-II）的区间多目标优化算法。研究方法：首先,利用区间序关系将每个区间目标转换为同时优化其中点和半径的确定性双目标,利用区间可能度法将区间约束转换为确定性约束,并在此基础上,利用加权法和罚函数法将每个区间目标的约束优化问题转换为相应的无约束优化问题;然后,利用拉丁超立方实验设计和有限元分析构建预测各待优化结构性能指标值的径向基函数;最后,将径向基函数、区间分析法与NSGA-II相结合,快速求出转换后确定性无约束多目标优化问题的所有Pareto最优解,并通过考虑材料不确定性的高速压力机滑块机构设计实例验证该方法的有效性。重要结论：目标和约束均为不确定性参数函数的区间多目标优化模型能有效反映实际工程中同时改善结构多性能指标的需求。基于径向基函数、区间分析和NSGA-II相结合的区间多目标优化算法将传统区间优化模型求解中的嵌套优化过程简化为单层遗传优化过程,大大提高了求解效率,并可获得多目标优化问题的所有Pareto最优解。 相似文献