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1.
Annick Flückiger 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2005,59(1-3):59-84
This paper is based on a long-term didactic engineering about division problems (only in a numerical setting) at primary school.
Situations and students’ work are analyzed by means of a double theoretical framework: the theory of situations and the theory
of conceptual fields (Vergnaud 1991). The analysis focuses mainly on classroom interactions and on the didactic memory from
both the teacher perspective and the learner perspective: in particular, it not only investigates how didactic memory is managed
by the teacher, but also how students recall past events or reread those events in a-didactic situations. 相似文献
2.
Joaquim BarbÉ Marianna Bosch Lorena Espinoza Josep GascÓN 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2005,59(1-3):235-268
The Anthropological Theory of Didactics describes mathematical activity in terms of mathematical organisations or praxeologies and considers the teacher as the director of the didactic process the students carry out, a process that is structured along six dimensions or didactic moments. This paper begins with an outline of this epistemological and didactic model, which appears as a useful tool for the analysis
of mathematical and teaching practices. It is used to identify the main characteristics of the mathematical organisation around
the limits of functions as it is proposed to be taught at high school level. The observation of an empirical didactic process will finally show how the internal dynamics of the didactic process is affected by certain mathematical and didactic constraints
that significantly determine the teacher’s practice and ultimately the mathematical organisation actually taught. 相似文献
3.
This article describes the dynamic inherant in the didactic relation involving the teacher, the pupil and knowledge. Its purpose is to demonstrate the pertinance of analysing pupils’ actualizations of knowledge using the concept of «didactic contracts». In order to specify the nature of didactic contract, this concept is compared to the notion of exerimental contract between an experimenter, a subject and scholastic knowledge. This analysis draws on empirical examples from experimental situations organized either in the classroom (where the pupils are placed in the familiar situation of written tests) or outside the classrom (where each pupil is placed in a face-to-face relation with an experimenter). The actualizations of knowledge elaborated by pupils when they are asked to resolve an elementary written addition problem are therefore dealt with in the cognitive and social dimensions inherant in these situations of questioning. 相似文献
4.
The study refers to the unfavourable reputation and status of general didactics as well as its decreasing importance in teacher education. This is a result of poor performance achieved in international tests by students. They score low on knowledge and arguments, and empirical studies indicate that didactic models are useless. In view of the above problem, the aim of this article is to examine the validity of the argument that didactic models are useless. It is necessary to examine if general didactics are being in an unfavourable position along with its possible successors in the international context. In order to achieve that, we conducted an empirical study into the usability of didactic models for lesson planning in Croatia and compared it with the results obtained in previous research in Germany. The term usability means the advantages of theory in practice. On the basis of the results of the empirical study, we concluded that didactic models are not generally unusable. Additionally, they are different according to their usability. These results open a path for further research on this topic in the international context. 相似文献
5.
Marcelo C. Borba Aparecida Santana de Souza Chiari Helber Rangel Formiga Leite de Almeida 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2018,98(3):269-286
For the last 10 years, online pre-service teacher distance education has increased significantly in Brazil. As a result, research on this educational modality has also increased, in particular, research investigating the different roles students and teachers play in these courses. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of digital technologies in two specific contexts: how teachers, tutors, and students play a role in producing interactive digital didactic material and how digital technologies themselves can play a role in teaching distance learning courses. But for these roles to emerge, we point to the need for participants of online courses to interact collaboratively. To identify these roles, grounded theory, a branch of qualitative research, was used as the two roles were articulated. Data were produced from virtual observations in virtual learning environments and virtual interviews. The results stress that both highlighted roles are related. They transform teacher and student roles and participation in the virtual classroom, and an “agency of media” emerges in online mathematics education. 相似文献
6.
Characterization of an Ordinary Teaching Practice with the Help of the Theory of Didactic Situations
In this paper, we use the theory of didactic situations to characterize a mathematics teaching practice, currently used in
secondary schools in France, which we have called interactive synthesis discussion. We have studied this practice in ordinary classes, i.e. classes where the researcher intervenes neither in the preparation
nor in the management of the lessons. We have looked at the didactic situations the teacher chooses, and how he manages his
teaching project, the students’ work in the classroom and at home, and classroom interactions. We present two case studies
of experienced teachers, one in grade 8, and the other in grade 10. 相似文献
7.
Claire Margolinas Lalina Coulange Annie Bessot 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2005,59(1-3):205-234
Our research is concerned with teacher’s knowledge, and especially with teacher’s processes of learning, in the classroom,
from observing and interacting with students’ work. In the first part of the paper, we outline the theoretical framework of
our study and distinguish it from some other perspectives. We argue for the importance of distinguishing a kind of teacher’s
knowledge, which we call didactic knowledge. In this paper, we concentrate on a subcategory of this knowledge, namely observational didactic knowledge, which grows from teacher’s observation and reflection upon students’ mathematical activity in the classroom. In modeling
the processes of evolution of this particular knowledge in teachers, we are inspired, among others, by some general aspects
of the theory of didactic situations. In the second part of the paper, the model is applied in two case studies of teachers
conducting ordinary lessons. In conclusion, we will discuss what seems to be taken into account by teachers as they observe
students’ activity, and how in-service teacher training can play a role in modifying their knowledge about students’ ways
of dealing with mathematical problems. 相似文献
8.
Teacher intervention is an important factor in stopping bullying. Several studies indicate that teachers who believe they are capable of stopping bullying intervene more often in bullying. But this finding has only been based on hypothetical situations. It remains unclear if these results can be replicated in bullying interventions that the teachers actually performed. In addition, some studies claim that self‐efficacy is only connected to teacher intervention in direct forms of bullying, rather than indirect forms. In the current study, teachers' self‐efficacy in bullying interventions and the probability that they will intervene is investigated using self‐reported real‐life bullying situations in a sample of German teachers. Results show that teachers who feel more confident in dealing with bullying report intervening more often in bullying episodes they observed. Teacher training should include discussions of real‐life experiences to promote teachers' self‐efficacy beliefs and increase the probability of teacher intervention. 相似文献
9.
Maryvonne Merri Régine Monties-Cabot 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2005,20(4):409-422
This article reports on the training of a blind foreign language teacher of sighted students and the designing of a substitute of the board. A composition of computer devices available today was provided to the blind teacher in order to get pieces of writing projected on a screen. This basic instrument was transformed through instrumental geneses (Rabardel, 1995) i.e., transformations of the blind teacher’s activity and/or of the properties of the artefacts in order to get writings readable for sighted students as well as adapted to didactic purposes. The article deals with knowledge construction, which implies four categories of actions on pieces of writing: adding, erasing, organising and pointing to. The questions involved are: how can a blind teacher manage these various actions? What are the limits of such instrumental geneses? 相似文献
10.
The paper argues that what is left behind in the current era of accountability is the educational content. The authors present shedding the content as the great challenge of teaching and learning in today’s schools. They turn to the tradition of Bildung and outline the theoretical background for the content-focused approach to (research on) teaching and learning. Their approach is based on analyses of authentic (real-life) teaching and learning situations. The paper highlights how didactic case studies can be used to generalize the findings across individual cases. Within the multiple case studies, 44 didactic case studies were reanalysed to identify didactic formalisms, i.e. problems in the semantic and logical structure of educational content, which corrupt the quality of instruction. Two specific types of didactic formalism are described in detail; stolen cognition and concealed cognition. Stolen cognition prevents cognitive activation of students when the teacher over-reduces the space allowed for the students’ cognitive work with the content, concealed cognition are instances of purposeless cognitive activation of students due to their being disconnected from the content. 相似文献
11.
李正富 《福建教育学院学报》2013,14(2):15-17
教研员的工作职责是"研究、指导、服务"。教研员在促进教师专业发展中充当的角色与发挥的作用是:行家的角色,发挥对教师专业发展的指导作用;组织的角色,发挥对教师专业发展的服务作用;研究的角色,发挥对教师专业发展的引领作用。 相似文献
12.
Vassilios Dagdilelis Maya Satratzemi Georgios Evangelidis 《Education and Information Technologies》2004,9(2):159-173
In Greece, the development of the teaching of Information Technology (IT) in schools has been greatly influenced by the rapid development of technology, making IT literacy a priority for all individuals. Consequently, the teaching of algorithms and programming, with the ulterior motive of teaching modeling as well as problem solving, has been greatly limited in Secondary Education. However, we strongly believe that algorithms and programming constitute an important intellectual tool and should be included in basic education. In any case, both the research literature findings, as well as, our own experience confirm the fact that novice programmers come up against many mental obstacles in their attempts to understand the functioning of programs or the construction of algorithms. In order to deal with these difficulties and successfully teach the elementary concepts of algorithms and programming, we have developed didactic scenarios, which are based on specially designed educational software. In conjunction with this, we are attempting to develop a program for the systematic training of those students who will become IT teachers in Secondary or Primary Education. The most significant findings of our research are summarized as follows: (a) The development of educational software and its experimental use in the teaching process allow us to formulate several general rules related to the specific didactic characteristics, which these environments should include. (b) Educational software is effective only when it is incorporated within the framework of the didactic scenarios that the teacher organizes and which are supported by the software. (c) Teachers do not spontaneously use educational software in the context of this rationale. Therefore, specific training is required so that they adopt and use such software in didactic scenarios. 相似文献
13.
Karen Rattenborg Aimée Kleisner Walker Jan Miller-Heyl 《Early education and development》2019,30(3):315-336
Research Findings: This study examined correlates of parents’ reported school engagement in an ethnically diverse, rural sample (N = 346) of parents and teachers in kindergarten through Grade 2. Of particular interest were role expectations and family–school relationships in American Indian families, who historically have been marginalized by schools. In terms of role expectations, parents and teachers agreed that they should support each other’s roles, parents should have more responsibility than schools for teaching social skills, and families and schools should have shared responsibility for children’s academic success. Teachers had higher expectations than parents for parent engagement, which in turn was greater when parent–teacher communication was more frequent and the school climate was more welcoming. American Indian parents more strongly endorsed a separation of family and school roles and felt less welcomed at school; ethnicity moderated correlates of reported parent engagement. Practice or Policy: These findings have practical promise given that parent–teacher communication, school climate, and role expectations are more easily altered than are structural barriers that also may hinder parents’ involvement in supporting their children’s early education. 相似文献
14.
Jill Uhlenberg 《Early education and development》2016,27(2):240-258
ABSTRACTResearch Findings: This case study of an experienced toddler teacher resulted in the identification of 4 roles that the teacher played in mediating a culture of respect and participation in the classroom. These 4 roles contrast the roles discussed in Leavitt’s (1994) ethnographic study Power and Emotion in Infant-Toddler Day Care. I used a series of data collection methods, including field observations, reflective collaboration with the teacher, and interviews with an assistant teacher, to discover the themes that emerged: (a) Liberator, (b) Curriculum Organizer, (c) Chief Historian, and (d) Learner. The role of Liberator was by far the most substantial of the themes that emerged from the data. The other 3 roles overlapped with the Liberator role, although each demonstrated some distinct characteristics. Practice or Policy: The findings of this study cannot be applied directly to other classrooms because of the limitations of the specific culture, history, and lived experiences of the participants. However, examining the lived experiences of the toddlers and their interactions with this teacher may provide reflective, effective, and productive content for the professional development activities of other caregivers. In addition, research cited expresses a need for multiple ways of knowing how very young children grow, develop, learn, communicate, and participate. 相似文献
15.
This article, based upon the field of comparative didactics, seeks to contribute to the identification of generic and specific features in the teaching and learning process. More particularly, its aim was to examine, through the study of two different school subjects: biology and English as a second language, how passive didactic differentiation can develop and account for the gap in progress growing between more-able and less-able students. For our analysis, we adopt a didactic viewpoint basing our study on what is going on in the class when the teacher and her students interact and use notions borrowed from the Joint Action Theory in Didactics. At the end of the article, we mainly argue that more teacher training focused on ‘objects of learning’ and ‘knowledge-in-use’ is necessary if we want teachers to be able to produce didactic milieus adapted to students with mixed abilities and, more generally, if we want to increase epistemic access. 相似文献
16.
拟剧理论为剖析大学教师在角色扮演过程中的角色行为提供了一个微观互动的视角。随着大学功能的增加,大学教师扮演越来越多的角色,这些角色对大学教师的核心角色——教育者的影响日益加深,甚至相互冲突。大学教师在大学的不同场景中扮演不同的角色,但是这些角色最终都集中在大学教师身上,不可能随着场景的转换完全改变。因此,每个大学教师都会在各种角色中间建构一个属于自己的“角色空间”,根据自身的情况整合或者隔离各种角色。 相似文献
17.
This study utilised role theory to investigate teacher aide roles within regional schools in Queensland, Australia. Twenty primary schoolteacher aides were interviewed; data were triangulated with 27 teacher aides' responses to a follow-up questionnaire and interviews with 6 administrative staff. Data suggest that classroom instructional support roles and small group instruction dominate teacher aide work; they also perform many non-instructional roles and work individually with students with diverse needs. School leaders must reconsider the roles expected of these professionals given their position, professional training and remuneration, better supporting teacher aides through improved communication, collaboration and sustained professional learning opportunities. 相似文献
18.
Margareta Sandström Kjellin Corresponding author 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(2):153-165
A model for analysing the nature of the dyadic teacher–student interplay in instructional situations including one teacher and one student is described. The “teacher” may be a regular teacher, a parent, or any other person who is in the position of teacher. The “student” may be a student of any age. The model may discern (a) if the teacher merely asks for information preknown to the teacher and the teacher evaluates the student's answer according to the teacher's preknowledge, (b) if the teacher asks for information preknown to the teacher, the teacher then scaffolds the student's learning by giving clues to the correct answer and then evaluates the answer according to the teacher's preknowledge, or (c) the teacher asks for information not preknown to her/him and the teacher is genuinely interested in the student's answer. This last scenario (c) is thought to give optimal conditions for cognitive development for the student. 相似文献
19.
Gemma Ellis 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2018,34(4):412-429
This paper reports a small-scale, mixed methods research project exploring the perceptions and experiences of primary school teachers regarding domestic abuse. The paper focuses on the psychoanalytic concepts of containment and denial present in such situations. Questionnaire findings suggested that there was a significant difference between teachers who had attended relevant training and those who had not in their confidence levels in 1) responding to disclosures, and 2) recognising whether a child was exposed to domestic abuse (n = 165). Semi-structured interviews, analysed using thematic analysis, were carried out with experienced teachers (n = 8). Four overarching themes were identified: emotional factors of the teacher’s role; working within the school system; the relationship with the child and family; and uncertainty about what teachers need to know. Findings are discussed in relation to the psychoanalytic concepts of containment and denial. Implications for practice, identifying the roles of unconscious processes and holistic containment, are discussed. 相似文献
20.
《Pastoral Care in Education》2012,30(4):316-330
ABSTRACTUtilising the occupational socialisation theoretical framework, this United Kingdom based case study explored how a secondary school physical education teacher fulfilled the head of year role and what childhood, university and on-the-job experiences influenced execution of this role. Data were collected from interviews, lesson observations and a self-reflective journal. Inductive data analysis and constant comparison identified that the participant attempted to be an ‘administrative finisher’ and ‘empower’ staff, parents and pupils. These aims were influenced by the de-prioritisation of physical education, a desire to retain control of administrative situations, and the influence of past and present teachers. To overcome the issues that the dual roles of head of year and subject teacher present, it is recommended that a ‘timetabled’ period at the beginning and/or end of the day be utilised for important head of year tasks, and greater formal responsibility is given to the assistant head of year. The findings of this study suggest further research possibilities. Firstly, there is a need to examine the influence of teaching other subjects whilst undertaking the head of year role. Secondly, investigating the impact of childhood and university socialisation upon teachers’ fulfilment of other pastoral and/or leadership roles such as head of department, deputy head or head teacher appears warranted. 相似文献