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The sustainability of social robotics, like other ambitious research programs, depends on the identification of lines of inquiry that are coherent with its visionary goals while satisfying more stringent constraints of feasibility and near-term payoffs. Within these constraints, this article outlines one line of inquiry that seems especially viable: development of a society of robots operating within the physical environments of everyday human life, developing rich robot–robot social exchanges, and yet, refraining from any physical contact with human beings. To pursue this line of inquiry effectively, sustained interactions between specialized research communities in robotics are needed. Notably, suitable robotic hand design and control principles must be adopted to achieve proper robotic manipulation of objects designed for human hands that one finds in human habitats. The Pisa-IIT SoftHand project promises to meet these manipulation needs by a principled combination of sensorimotor synergies and soft robotics actuation, which aims at capturing how the biomechanical structure and neural control strategies of the human hand interact so as to simplify and solve both control and sensing problems. 相似文献
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<正>自人们开始研究机器人以来,其应用领域主要有两个方面:(1)应用于工业制造领域。在工业制造过程中,生产车间通常具有结构化环境,要求机器人在这种环境中实现高速、精确的操作。(2)应用于远程操作领域。有些工作人类不能参与或者不愿参与,利用机器人是一种很好的选择。如2013年9月15日日本福岛核电站遭台风"万宜"袭 相似文献
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工业机器人运用技术是指在现有工业机器人的基础上所研发的应用技术,其主要目的是增强工业机器人的感知适应能力、降低用户使用难度、缩短示教与编程时间、提高工业机器人的运动精度以及拓宽其应用范围。然而,工业机器人运用技术一直以来没有得到足够的重视,造成工业机器人的设计制造与应用需求脱节,不仅限制了工业机器人的应用和普及,也制约了工业机器人产业自身的大规模发展。文章针对现有工业机器人在制造自动化应用中所存在的问题,系统地归纳和分析了工业机器人运用技术的重点研发方向,主要包括:提高易用性的直觉示教与快捷编程、提高绝对定位精度的运动标定与误差补偿以及拓宽应用范围的力-运动混合控制等关键共性技术。部署和实施相关技术的研发对于提高我国工业机器人的运用水平、加快制造业向智能化升级的步伐具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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工业机器人在企业生产中得到越来越多的应用,为满足企业对工业机器人应用人才的需求,高职院校应尽快开设工业机器人技术课程。本课程的特点适合用项目法进行教学,教学内容着重于工业机器人的认知、操作、维护、设计等方面,实际教学时采用实训设备与机器人模拟软件相结合的方法会取得良好的教学效果。 相似文献
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Social roboticists design their robots to function as social agents in interaction with humans and other robots. Although we do not deny that the robot's design features are crucial for attaining this aim, we point to the relevance of spatial organization and coordination between the robot and the humans who interact with it. We recover these interactions through an observational study of a social robotics laboratory and examine them by applying a multimodal interactional analysis to two moments of robotics practice. We describe the vital role of roboticists and of the group of preverbal infants, who are involved in a robot's design activity, and we argue that the robot's social character is intrinsically related to the subtleties of human interactional moves in laboratories of social robotics. This human involvement in the robot's social agency is not simply controlled by individual will. Instead, the human-machine couplings are demanded by the situational dynamics in which the robot is lodged. 相似文献
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随着人们对医疗健康手段和过程提出的精准、微创、高效及低成本等方面的更高需求,医疗康复机器人技术也获得了各国的极大关注,并得到了日新月异的发展。目前医疗康复机器人主要用于外科手术、功能康复及辅助护理等方面,但随着重要技术的突破和进展,未来机器人技术有可能会应用到医疗健康的各个领域。医疗康复领域越来越倾向于人与机器自然、精准的交互,近年来,以人的智能和机器智能结合及人机交互为代表的技术突破使得人与机器之间的结合越来越紧密,借助人机交互技术和方法,将人的智能和机器智能结合起来,使二者优势互补、协同工作,并将在医疗康复方面孕育出重大的理论创新和技术方法突破。社会需求、技术革新和人机智能融合极大的促进了医疗康复机器人的发展。医疗康复机器人涉及人类生命健康的特殊领域,存在潜在的经济市场,已被多个国家列为战略性新兴产业,我国也需进一步大力开展医疗康复机器人的研发,推动该战略新兴产业的发展,以应对我国国民对健康服务的需求(医疗、康复及老龄化)。 相似文献
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Robotic systems consisting of a neuron culture grown on a multielectrode array (MEA) which is connected to a virtual or mechanical robot have been studied for approximately 15 years. It is hoped that these MEA-based robots will be able to address the problem that robots based on conventional computer technology are not very good at adapting to surprising or unusual situations, at least not when compared to biological organisms. It is also hoped that insights gained from MEA-based robotics can have applications within human enhancement and medicine. In this paper, I argue that researchers within this field risk overstating their results by not paying enough attention to fundamental challenges within the field. In particular, I investigate three problems: the coding problem, the embodiment problem and the training problem. I argue that none of these problems have been solved and that they are not likely to be solved within the field. After that, I discuss whether MEA-based robotics should be considered pop science. Finally, I investigate the ethical aspects of this research. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]旨在对无接触式医疗诊断和辅助治疗提供借鉴。[方法/过程]以“医疗机器人”为主题,基于Web of Science论文数据库和Derwent Innovation专利数据库,检索陕西省2009—2018年发表(申请)的相关论文和专利,基于主题建模算法和专家决策,确定陕西省医疗机器人关键技术及其二级方向。采用SWOT分析,结合陕西省科技报告库、陕西省科技计划项目库和陕西省科技查新实时数据库,找出陕西省医疗机器人研究空白点和特色研究方向。[结果/结论]研究确定了11项陕西省医疗机器人未来技术研发方向,为陕西省企业技术研发及政府产业政策制定提供指引。 相似文献
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This article addresses some of the most important legal and ethical issues posed by robot companions. Firstly, we clarify that robots are to be deemed objects and more precisely products. This on the one hand excludes the legitimacy of all such considerations involving robots as bearers of own rights and obligations, and forces a functional approach in the analysis. Secondly, pursuant to these methodological considerations we address the most relevant ethical and legal concerns, ranging from the risk of dehumanization and isolation of the user, to privacy and liability concerns, as well as financing of the diffusion of this—still expensive—technology. Solutions are briefly sketched, in order to provide the reader with sufficient indications on what strategies could and should be implemented, already in the design phase, as well as what kind of intervention ought to be favored and expected by national and European legislators. The recent Report with Recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics of January 24, 2017 by the European Parliament is specifically taken into account. 相似文献
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Robert Sparrow 《Ethics and Information Technology》2002,4(4):305-318
Following the success of Sony Corporation's`AIBO,' robot cats and dogs are multiplyingrapidly. ``Robot pets' employing sophisticatedartificial intelligence and animatronictechnologies are now being marketed as toys andcompanions by a number of large consumerelectronics corporations.It is often suggested in popular writing aboutthese devices that they could play a worthwhilerole in serving the needs of an increasinglyaging and socially isolated population. Robotcompanions, shaped like familiar householdpets, could comfort and entertain lonely olderpersons. This goal is misguided and unethical. While there are a number of apparent benefitsthat might be thought to accrue from ownershipof a robot pet, the majority and the mostimportant of these are predicated on mistaking, at a conscious or unconscious level,the robot for a real animal. For an individualto benefit significantly from ownership of arobot pet they must systematically deludethemselves regarding the real nature of theirrelation with the animal. It requiressentimentality of a morally deplorable sort. Indulging in such sentimentality violates a(weak) duty that we have to ourselves toapprehend the world accurately. The design andmanufacture of these robots is unethical in sofar as it presupposes or encourages thisdelusion.The invention of robot pets heralds thearrival of what might be called ``ersatzcompanions' more generally. That is, ofdevices that are designed to engage in andreplicate significant social and emotionalrelationships. The advent of robot dogs offersa valuable opportunity to think about the worthof such companions, the proper place of robots in society and the value we should place on ourrelationships with them. 相似文献
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目前应用领域的机器人缺乏意识、精神状态和感觉这些情感条件,机器人只是按照人类设定的程序进行遵循一定的规则行为。判定一个机器人能否称得上人工物道德行为体（AMAs）．似乎取决于是否具有情感因素。道德与情感之间有着紧密联系的关系。然而．行为主义和表现主义认为,即使缺乏情感的机器也应当受到道德关护。从机器人的应用实践来看．无论是认知缺陷角色的机器人、奴仆角色机器人还是财产物角色机器人．他们都有相应的道德地位,都应当受到不同方式的伦理关护。随着人工智能的发展,我们认为,未来我们一定能够制造出一种具有情感的AMAs机器人。 相似文献
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随着中国工业机器人投资数量增长迅猛,工业机器人应用与劳动力结构转变之间关系值得关注。本文的模型分析表明：工业机器人的技术进步会加大对工业机器人对低技能劳动力的替代,但同时会提升对中、高技能劳动力的互补性需求,进而能够促进一国的劳动力结构转型。通过对1990-2015年间22个国家或地区的经验数据分析表明,不断增长的工业机器人投入正在缓慢地促进发达国家的劳动力结构转型,其高技能劳动力比例在逐年上升,韩国等新兴经济体的表现尤为突出。本文给出了推进工业机器人应用、促进中国劳动力结构转型的具体政策建议。 相似文献
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依据机器人灭火比赛规则,本文设计基于门口检测策略的灭火机器人,在已有机器人的基础上对各种传感器进行科学布局,实现火源门口检测功能。主要实现了避障、寻火、灭火和回家四个模块。实验表明本文的灭火策略的灭火时间大大缩短。 相似文献
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《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2023,360(11):7148-7179
This paper presents a decentralized navigation method with a leader robot guiding a robotic swarm and considers the possible occurrence of a failure. Multi-robot systems have attracted attention in part because they can maintain their performance as a swarm even when some robots fail. Such systems are also expected to work well in environments where a disaster has occurred, given that the chance of robot crashes is high in such situations. Therefore, it is important to design a navigation method that considers the possibility of failures so that the surviving robots in a swarm will not be impaired because of failed robots. In this paper, we design connectivity maintenance and a repair method for swarm robots in which each robot utilizes only local information. We then prove that the proposed method ensures the swarm follows the movement of a leader robot and reconstructs connectivity in the case one of the robots fails. Finally, we present experimental and numerical results confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
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《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2022,359(2):1018-1040
In this paper, the distributed iterative learning control for nonholonomic mobile robots with a time-varying reference is investigated, in which the mobile robots are with parametric uncertainties and are not fully actuated. Besides, the control gains of mobile robots are unknown. The leader is with a time-varying reference trajectory, and there is no need to assume that the time-varying reference is linearly parameterized by a set of known functions. A distributed control scheme is designed for each mobile robot based on a set of local compensatory filters designed by its neighborhood information. Stability analysis is established through a set of composite energy function. The uniform convergence of the consensus errors can be guaranteed. An example is given to show that our designed control law is effective. 相似文献
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机器人技术发展对就业的影响——职业替代的视角 《科学学研究》2022,40(3):443-453
机器人技术在中国发展极为迅速，关于机器人对中国就业市场的影响研究显得尤为重要。本文从职业层面出发，运用LASSO回归和随机森林的方法测算出了O*NET上435个职业（对应中国职业分类大典中千余个细分职业）的被替代可能性。分析结果表明，我国有大约33%的劳动力处于高风险等级，性别、年龄、受教育水平和工资都与被替代可能性有显著的相关关系。最后，本文探究了机器人对未来中国就业的影响。在产业结构调整顺利进行的背景下，若中国未来三十年GDP平均增长率达到5.5%左右，机器人对劳动力的替代效应并不会对总体就业水平产生很大的冲击。在产业结构调整不到位的情况下，机器人对劳动力的替代效应将给中国就业带来严峻挑战。 相似文献