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1.
Vision II school science is often stated to be a democratic and inclusive form of science education. But what characterizes
the subject who fits into the Vision II school science? Who is the desirable student and who is constructed as ill-fitting?
This article explores discourses that structure the Vision II science classroom, and how different students construct their
identities inside these discourses. In the article we consider school science as an order of discourses which restricts and
enables what is possible to think and say and what subject-positions those are available and non-available. The results show
that students’ talk about a SSI about body and health is constituted by several discourses. We have analyzed how school science
discourse, body discourse and general school discourse are structuring the discussions. But these discourses are used in different
ways depending on how the students construct their identities in relation to available subject positions, which are dependent
on how students at the same time are “doing” gender and social class. As an example, middle class girls show resistance against
SSI-work since the practice is threatening their identity as “successful students”. This article uses a sociopolitical perspective
in its discussions on inclusion and exclusion in the practice of Vision II. It raises critical issues about the inherited
complexity of SSI with meetings and/or collisions between discourses. Even if the empirical results from this qualitative
study are situated in specific cultural contexts, they contribute with new questions to ask concerning SSI and Vision II school
science. 相似文献
2.
Set in the context of a teacher education program, this study examined how three White pre-service teachers participate in book club discussions of children’s literature. We asked: When White pre-service teachers are in a context that enables talk about race, racism and anti-racism, what do they talk about? What conceptual and discursive tools do they use? We were guided by these questions, along with theoretical perspectives of racial literacy, multicultural discourses and a form of critical discourse analysis referred to as ‘positive discourse analysis’ or ‘reconstructive discourse analysis’. Our analysis illustrates that the participants held two questions, what constitutes racism and what makes a person a White ally, without firm resolution in the form and function of their talk. Their discourses illustrate that racial literacy involves what teachers say and also a willingness to stand in the space of indeterminacy, which may create space for new social positions. We argue for a continued theorization of critical discourse analysis alongside of racial literacy and multicultural discourses. 相似文献
3.
Chrysi Rapanta Lorenzo Cantoni 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2014,45(5):765-777
While user‐centred design and user experience are given much attention in the e‐learning design field, no research has been found on how users are actually represented in the discussions during the design of online courses. In this paper we identify how and when end‐users' experience—be they students or tutors—emerges in designers' discussions during their meetings in well‐established open universities. More precisely, we observed 15 design meetings of two design teams during the development of specific online courses. Designers' discourse was analysed on the basis of six dimensions regarding relevant actors, contents and strategies (purposes) of user experience anticipation. Results show the emergence of a solution‐oriented anticipatory discourse in form of scenarios regarding how learners and tutors will react to the course and the proposed activities. Moreover, this discourse is related to an emergent type of users‐based expertise, translated as the capacity of some designers to empathise with the end‐users more than other designers do. The participation of designers with this type of expertise in e‐learning design teams emerges as relevant for the decisions related to the course activities, interface or overall experience. Further research is invited towards this direction. Further discussion on this article can be found in “Being in the users' shoes: Is there maybe another way?” (DOI: 10.1111/bjet.12104 ). 相似文献
4.
Allan C. Jeong 《Instructional Science》2006,34(5):367-397
This study examined the effects of conversational language (e.g., asking questions, inviting replies, acknowledgments, referencing
others by name, closing signatures, ‘I agree, but’, greetings, etc.) on the frequency and types of responses posted in reply
to given types of messages (e.g., argument, evidence, critique, explanation), and how the resulting response patterns support
and inhibit collaborative argumentation in asynchronous online discussions. Using event sequence analysis to analyze message-response
exchanges in eight online group debates, this study found that (a) arguments elicited 41% more challenges when presented with
more conversational language (effect size .32), (b) challenges with more conversational language elicited three to eight times
more explanations (effect size .12 to .31), and (c) the number of supporting evidence elicited by challenges was not significantly
different from challenges that used more versus less conversational language. Overall, these and other findings from exploratory
post-hoc tests show that conversational language can help to produce patterns of interaction that foster high levels of critical
discourse, and that some forms of conversational language are more effective in eliciting responses than others. 相似文献
5.
Students’ perceptions of engineering have been documented through studies involving interviews, surveys, and word associations
that take a direct approach to asking students about various aspects of their understanding of engineering. Research on perceptions
of engineering rarely focuses on how students would portray engineering to others. First-year engineering student teams proposed
a museum exhibit, targeted to middle school students, to explore the question “What is engineering?” The proposals took the
form of a poster. The overarching research question focuses on how these students would portray engineering to middle school
students as seen through their museum exhibit proposals. A preliminary analysis was done on 357 posters to determine the overall
engineering themes for the proposed museum exhibits. Forty of these posters were selected and, using open coding, more thoroughly
analyzed to learn what artifacts/objects, concepts, and skills student teams associate with engineering. These posters were
also analyzed to determine if there were any differences by gender composition of the student teams. Building, designing,
and teamwork are skills the first-year engineering students link to engineering. Regarding artifacts, students mentioned those
related to transportation and structures most often. All-male teams were more likely to focus on the idea of space and to
mention teamwork and designing as engineering skills; equal-gender teams were more likely to focus on the multidisciplinary
aspect of engineering. This analysis of student teams’ proposals provides baseline data, positioning instructors to develop
and assess instructional interventions that stretch students’ self-exploration of engineering. 相似文献
6.
This study investigated 6 weeks of online asynchronous discussions in a graduate-level course involving eleven students. The
research purposes of this study were to identify patterns of collaborative knowledge exploration (CKE) and to suggest new
analytical dimensions for investigating online discussions. Based upon a unique theoretical framework integrating the concepts
of transition community and discourse community, three major dimensions of online asynchronous learning were adopted in the
analysis. The first dimension focuses on the various forms of social negotiation in the discourse. The second dimension regards
references to various learning resources, while the third is related to the coherence of the resources utilized. Based upon
these dimensions and the analysis of the participating students’ online asynchronous discussions, this study suggested ten
different patterns of CKE representing the cognitive processes of Elaborating, Challenging, Correcting, and Debating. We argue
that the proposed analytical framework allows us to interpret the sociocultural and cognitive aspects of students’ interactions
for online problem-based learning. In addition, the results suggest that the more cognitively demanding the pattern is, the
less frequently it occurs. Potential factors contributing to the observed findings are discussed in this study. 相似文献
7.
This research examined discourses in classroom and online learning environments where the Knowledge Building Community model
was enacted to foster deep understanding in science learning in Singapore primary classes. This study posited that discourse
is a fundamental form of learning that reveals how knowledge building is enacted and embodied by a community of learners.
Discourses in classroom lessons and online postings were analyzed from both quantitative and qualitative views. Overall, the
discourse analysis of the verbal activities in classroom lessons showed clear signs of IRE (Initiation–Response–Evaluation)
patterns of discourse, while more diversity of ideas and questions were found in Knowledge Forum postings. However, online
discourse showed some instances of incorrect group thinking and fear of appearing ignorant. In conclusion, we discuss implications
of findings and future research directions for creating pervasive knowledge building discourse. 相似文献
8.
Michalinos Zembylas 《Educational theory》2005,55(1):61-78
The capacity of online education to produce learning environments that are supportive of hybrid identities, complex discourses, and multiple relations among learners raises questions about the ethical response of online educators. To investigate the ethics of online education, we discuss two questions: How are identity and communication constituted in online education? What are the features of an ethical pedagogy in online education? Such questions help us think in alternative ways about the ethical dimensions of online education. We argue that Emmanuel Levinas's views on ethics and otherness can overcome some of the ethical challenges inherent in online education by helping educators and learners become more aware of how they respond to the Other and consider their ethical responsibility to the Other's multiple and complex identities. An ethical pedagogy for online education that takes seriously the unknowable and irreducible Other has the potential to provide us with a different notion of what constitutes ethical pedagogies. 相似文献
9.
Stephen P. Day 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(9):1533-1560
The aim of this research was to determine the benefits of cooperative learning to opening up socio-scientific discussion in secondary science. Seventy-four classes of 20 13–14-year-old pupils in one secondary school were observed engaging in discussion concerning climate change over three rounds of action research involving 12 teachers associated with the implementation of a Topical Science strand of a new national science curriculum. Pupil views on the cooperative learning approach used to facilitate the lessons and the associated discussion were determined using a pupil questionnaire (n?=?171). By the end of the action research, the overall average typical exchange in the observed lessons was between pupil-to-pupil (mean?±?SD, 41%?±?5%) and pupil-to-teacher (32%?±?4%) with teacher-to-pupil interactions accounting for only 27%?±?5% of exchanges. However, the pace of the typical exchanges was predominantly fast with most of the questions being a mixture of low order on task questions from teacher-to-pupil; technical exchanges, inquiring what to do from pupil-to-teacher; and quiz questions from teacher-to-pupil or from pupil-to-pupil. Questionnaire data indicated that overall 50.3% of pupils enjoyed the discussion (on global warming) and 59.7% did not find it boring. Nevertheless, only 45% felt that they were given the chance to express their own opinions during these discussions. Prior to these lessons, 59.6% were not interested in the issue of climate change and global warming. Cooperative learning facilitated a shift in the pattern of typical exchanges away from a teacher-dominated discourse towards a more pupil-centred, open discourse. 相似文献
10.
Increased enrollment in online programs and courses has prompted a plethora of research on instructional strategies that impact online students’ learning. Most of these strategies came from instructors, and others were solicited from students. While the literature notes that students who have more university experience tend to provide more substantive responses when solicited, there seems to be limited representation of online master’s students’ preferences on what instructional strategies work for them. There is paucity in the literature on how these preferred instructional strategies inform existing theoretical and practical frameworks that could impact online learning performance. This article discusses the Top Ten Instructional Strategies preferred by master’s students who responded to a dissertation survey question - What specific things would you like your online instructors do to help you learn successfully? - and relates these strategies to the Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education and the Quality Matters Rubric. 相似文献
11.
Learning through discussions 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Students studying a third‐year e‐commerce subject experienced face‐to‐face and online discussions as an important part of their learning experience. The quality of the students' experiences of learning through those discussions is investigated in this study. This study uses qualitative approaches to investigate the variation in the students' understanding of what they were learning through discussions, and how they went about engaging in them. Quantitative analyses are used to investigate how the students' experience related to their performance. Key outcomes of the study include that the quality of the students' experience of learning through discussions is positively related to their performance and that face‐to‐face and online discussions have qualitatively different benefits for learning. 相似文献
12.
13.
Robert A. Ellis Rafael A. Calvo 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2006,37(1):55-68
This article reports on research into the student experience of learning through discussions in a third‐year undergraduate engineering subject. Information engineering students studying e‐commerce were required to engage in face‐to‐face and online discussions as a key aspect of their learning experience. This study investigates the quality of the experience of learning through those discussions using quantitative methodologies from Student Learning Research. Analyses of student ratings on the closed‐ended questionnaires identify qualitatively different approaches to learning through discussions, both in face‐to‐face contexts and online. Relationships are found among the variation in the quality of these approaches and how students perceive issues such as workload, what they thought they were learning through discussions and performance. Implications arising from these results identify different suggestions for teaching students to discuss successfully in different contexts. 相似文献
14.
Lisa Lobry de Bruyn 《Distance Education》2004,25(1):67-81
More units of study are being offered flexibly, using distance education and online facilities, as a consequence of recent educational developments in higher education, with learner expectations of being able to study when they like and where they like, as well as increasing class enrolments and more students studying remotely or part‐time. However, the quality of the learning experience and the efficacy of placing learning activities that require student interaction and discourse in an online environment have been questioned. The concerns raised by educators regarding placing learning activities online are often about the types of learning environments that are being created and the tools available to support student communication in a virtual learning environment. Asynchronous computer‐mediated communication is one means of allowing students to communicate independently of time and place, and to communicate questions, opinions and queries when transferring interactive learning activities to an online environment. The use of threaded, online discussions that allow asynchronous communication has been criticised for not producing the perceived benefits for learners and educators. This paper assesses the use of asynchronous computer‐mediated communication and the degree of convergence and level of social presence as indicators of developing highly responsive and interactive learning environments in the context of an inquiry‐based learning activity, using a case study approach with problem solving and self‐directed research. 相似文献
15.
This study approaches teacher learning from a dialogical viewpoint where lecturers’ voices used in a training course context reflect how lecturers generated new professional discourse. The design of the training course considered the analysis of several critical incidents (CIs) in online teaching. An analytical framework based on lecturers’ discourse and ways of thinking about teaching was used to identify types of renaming teaching practice. The empirical element of the study analysed the written utterances about teaching provided by 12 online instructors in order to determine what kinds of new discourse emerged during the analysis of 15 CIs in online teaching. Results showed that local discourse is the lecturers’ most commonly used discourse, prototypical incidents generated more professional discourse than personal and real CIs, and professional discourse can be created by means of at least nine different ways of articulating discourse. On the basis of these results, some pedagogical implications for lecturer learning are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Andri Ioannou Skevi Demetriou Maria Mama 《The American journal of distance education》2013,27(3):183-195
Although lots of studies have investigated collaborative knowledge construction in online courses, the factors influencing this process are yet to be fully determined. This study provides quantitative and qualitative types of evidence on how (naturally emerged) student facilitation and quality of initial postings influence collaborative knowledge construction in online discussions. We analyzed the discourse of nine student groups (N = 34) working on a case problem in an online discussion forum. We found that student facilitation was an important contributor to the process. In contrast, the contribution of low-quality postings in early stages of the discussion can jeopardize the process. This work is an attempt to address quality in online learning by helping instructors decide on encouraging student facilitation in online discussions as well as structuring and carefully monitoring the content of initial discussion postings. 相似文献
17.
18.
ABSTRACTDiscourse has featured in studies of educational policy as an analytic and methodological tool, theoretical frame, realm of implication, and even a foundational definition of educational policy itself (e.g.) Despite the centrality of discourse as a frame for exploring educational policy and its implications, the ways that discourse is defined or operationalized in educational policy research are often left implicit which can lead to murky relations to larger onto-epistemological questions of how we construct findings from data as well as the nature of policy. In this interpretive analysis, we synthesize a corpus of 37 peer-reviewed journal articles that bring together educational policy and analyses of discourse from varying theoretical and methodological perspectives in order to better understand the breadth and scope of how discourse is defined and operationalized in studies of educational policy, including in ways that are sometimes incommensurate with authors' stated theoretical and methodological positions. After first laying the theoretical groundwork for analyses of discourse in the field of educational policy, we then illustrate how discourse analysis is used differently, and sometimes inconsistently, within contested paradigmatic landscapes. We conclude with an argument for discussions across theoretical frameworks and methodological paradigms about how the concept of discourse lends itself to different epistemological vantage points on educational policy. 相似文献
19.
Students have been largely ignored in discussions about how best to teach science, and many students feel the curriculum is
detached from their lives and interests. This article presents a strategy for incorporating students’ interests into the formal
Biology curriculum, by drawing on the political meaning of “shadow government” as alternative policies developed by parties
not in office. A “shadow curriculum” thus reflects the interests and information needs of those who have no voice in deciding
what the formal curriculum should include, although they are the ones who are most influenced by it. High school students’
interests in three Biology topics were identified (n = 343) and retested on another student sample (n = 375), based on their solicited questions as indicators for interests. The results of this exploratory case study showed
that half of the questions asked by students in the areas of genetics, the cardiovascular system and the reproductive system
are not addressed by the national curriculum. Students’ questions were then expressed in the curricular language of principles,
phenomena and concepts in order to create a shadow curriculum. A procedure that could be used by other researchers and practitioners
to guide the development of a curriculum that is more aligned with student interests is suggested. 相似文献