共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
少年田径运动员成就目标的发展特点 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为探讨少年田径运动员成就目标的发展特点，对广西334名少年田径运动员的成就目标进行了分析。少年田径运动员的成就目标的性别主效应显著，女运动员的掌握目标高于男运动员，男运动员的成绩目标高于女运动员：训练年限主效应也达到了显著水平，随着训练年限的增加，掌握目标的发展呈下降趋势，成绩目标的发展呈上升趋势；成绩目标的运动等级主效应显著，三级运动员的成绩目标显著高于二级运动员；少年田径运动员的主导目标为掌握目标。结论：少年田径运动员的成就目标受后天环境影响较大。建议在培养少年田径运动员的成就目标定向时，应帮助运动员树立能力增长观，在运动训练过程中多设置掌握定向氛围。 相似文献
2.
对参加全国大学生网球锦标赛的242名运动员采用成就目标和自我妨碍量表,运用相关分析和回归分析方法,研究不同水平网球运动员目标取向的4个维度、自我妨碍水平及运动成绩的相关关系.结果表明,运动员掌握回避目标、成绩回避目标与自我妨碍呈正相关,掌握接近目标与之呈负相关;运动员掌握接近目标、成绩接近目标与运动成绩呈正相关,自我妨碍与之呈负相关.成就目标取向通过自我妨碍对网球运动员运动成绩有影响;性别、年龄对掌握接近和成绩接近有显著性差异,对掌握回避及成绩回避的差异不显著;运动员性别及运动等级对自我妨碍的差异效果应不显著. 相似文献
3.
通过对94名大学生运动员的问卷调查，发现运动员的目标定向与心理技能之间存在相关关系，任务定向与目标设置技能、接受教练指导的能力有显著的正相关，而自我定向与承受压力的技能有显著的正相关。研究还发现，高任务定向的运动员在目标设置、自信心以及接受教练指导的能力上的得分明显高于低任务定向的运动员；高自我定向的运动员在承受压力、目标设置、集中注意、摆脱担心、以及自信心等5个指标上自自得分明显高于低自我定向的运动员。 相似文献
4.
目的：探讨个体（目标定向、能力知觉）和情境（动机气氛、同伴关系）变量对青少年运动员体育道德取向的预测效应。方法：采用问卷调查法
对259名青少年运动员的目标定向、能力知觉、动机气氛、同伴关系和体育道德取向进行测量。结果：（1）任务定向与高水平体育道德相关,自我定向
与低水平体育道德相关,能力知觉与高水平体育道德相关,体育运动中运动员目标定向存在3种类型（即高任务/低自我、中任务/中自我和高任务/高
自我）,不同类别复合目标定向型的体育道德取向存在显著的差异,高任务复合适宜自我目标定向与高水平的体育道德相关;（2）掌握气氛与高水平
体育道德相关,成绩气氛与低水平体育道德相关,同伴接纳与低水平体育道德相关;（3）掌握气氛、成绩气氛和能力知觉对自我定向与体育道德之间
的关系具有显著的调节效应,高掌握气氛、低成绩气氛和高能力知觉可以更加有效减轻自我定向对体育道德取向的消极影响。结论：个体和情境变
量对青少年运动员的体育道德取向有显著独立和交互预测效应。 相似文献
5.
成就目标取向对青少年网球运动员自我妨碍的影响及其与运动
成绩的相关研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目的：了解青少年网球运动员成就目标取向和自我妨碍的现状,并探讨与运动成绩的关系。方法：采用自我妨碍量表和4 分成就目标量表
调查参加网球锦标赛的160 名运动员。结果处理采用相关分析和回归分析技术。结果：（1）自我妨碍与掌握接近目标负相关,与掌握回避目标和
成绩回避目标正相关。掌握接近目标、成绩接近目标与运动成绩正相关。自我妨碍与运动成绩负相关。（2）成就目标取向对运动成绩既有直接作
用,又有间接作用;自我妨碍在成就目标对运动成绩的影响中发挥着中介作用。（3）成就目标取向有年龄和性别的差异,自我妨碍在性别和运动
等级上存在着显著差异,但交互作用都不显著。 相似文献
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7.
智力残疾运动员目标定向、完美主义与运动成绩的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以601名特奥会智力残疾运动员为对象,通过相关分析、结构方程模型对成就目标定向、完美主义和运动成绩的关系进行探讨.结果表明:(1)掌握趋近目标定向和追求完美对运动成绩有直接的正向预测作用;(2)成绩回避目标定向、掌握回避目标定向和不完美的消极反应对运动成绩有直接的负向预测作用;(3)成绩趋近目标定向和掌握趋近目标定向通过追求完美可间接预测运动成绩,且对追求完美有显著的正向预测作用;(4)成绩趋近目标定向、成绩回避目标定向和掌握回避目标定向通过对不完美的消极反应可间接预测运动成绩;(5)成绩回避和掌握回避对消极反应有显著的正向预测作用,而成绩趋近对消极反应有显著的负向预测作用. 相似文献
8.
采取问卷法考察了大学生成就目标定向、元认知学习策略与网球运动成绩的关系,结果表明:①掌握定向、成绩接近定向与元认知学习策略呈显著正相关.②元认知学习策略与网球运动成绩呈显著正相关,成就目标定向与网球运动成绩没有直接的显著相关.③与大二学生相比,大一学生更多的采用掌握定向.更积极的使用元认知学习策略,更少的采用成绩回避定向.④相对大学男生而言,大学女生更多采用成绩接近定向、元认知学习策略和更少采用成绩回避定向.而大学生在网球运动成绩上没有显著的年级、性别差异.这可能与影响网球运动成绩的身体素质、努力程度、能力知觉、动机气氛等多种因素有关. 相似文献
9.
采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对我国男女高水平排球运动员运动动机进行调查。结果显示:我国排球运动员运动动机呈现高参与倾向和低回避倾向;主攻回避倾向得分高于副攻、二传、接应且有显著差异;健将级运动员和二级运动员在比赛中的回避倾向得分有显著差异;年龄、运动年限与运动动机得分低相关。建议:优化运动动机应内外兼施,内部提高运动竞赛水平,外部建立保障机制。 相似文献
10.
目的：对趋近-回避四因素目标取向和动机行为调节进行关系分析，揭示在不同趋近-回避目标取向中动机内化调节过程的差异，以及自主性、控制性的程度。方法：采用调节体育行为动机量表（BRPEQ）和成就目标定向量表（AGQ-S）对大学生体育成就目标与动机内化调节方式进行测量，并基于调查数据建立结构方程模型。结果显示：（1）高掌握趋近取向与高自主性动机调节有关，而高掌握回避、高成绩回避和低自主性动机调节有关，成绩趋近与自主性动机调节不具有显著的相关；（2）高成绩趋近、掌握回避和成绩回避与高的控制性动机调节有关，而掌握趋近与控制行动机调节不具有显著的相关性；（3）掌握趋近目标动机调节行为的自主性最强；掌握回避和成绩回避目标对整合调节和认同调节调节呈负的影响效应，且成绩回避的影响较大；（4）成绩趋近目标取向的动机调节控制性最强，掌握回避次之，成绩回避最弱。结论：体育教师应创设掌握指向的动机氛围，引导大学生产生掌握趋近的目标定向，使动机内化趋向于自主性动机。 相似文献
11.
Implicit beliefs of ability,approach-avoidance goals and cognitive anxiety among team sport athletes
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):720-729
AbstractPeople's implicit beliefs of ability have been suggested as an antecedent of achievement goal adoption, which has in turn been associated with behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes. This study examined a conditional process model with team sport athletes' approach-avoidance achievement goals as mediators between their implicit beliefs of sport ability and sport-related cognitive anxiety. We expected gender to moderate the paths from implicit beliefs of ability to approach-avoidance goals and from approach-avoidance goals to cognitive anxiety. Team sport athletes with a mean age of 20 years (163 females and 152 males) responded to questionnaires about their implicit beliefs of sport ability, approach-avoidance goals and sport-related cognitive anxiety. Incremental beliefs, gender and the interaction between them predicted mastery-approach goals. Gender also predicted mastery-avoidance goals, with females reporting higher levels than males. Mastery-avoidance goals, gender and the interaction between them predicted cognitive anxiety, with females reporting higher levels of anxiety than males. Entity beliefs positively predicted performance-avoidance goals and the interaction between performance-approach and gender predicted anxiety. The indirect effects also showed gender differences in relation to performance-approach goals. Taken together, our results suggest that coaches trying to create a facilitating climate for their male and female athletes may be wise to consider their athletes' anxiety and achievement goal patterns as these may affect both the athletes' well-being and performance. 相似文献
12.
Background:Research on achievement goal orientations in sport has typically relied on the use of variable-centered approaches that tend to overlook population heterogeneity.In this study,we used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of competitive tennis players according to unique combinations of achievement goal orientations and tested for subgroup differences in motivation and mental toughness.Methods:A sample of 323 competitive tennis athletes(69.35%male)between 15 and 25 years of age(17.60±2.40 years,mean±SD)completed the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport,Sport Motivation Scale Ⅱ,and Mental Toughness Index.Latent profile analysis was used to identify unique combinations of achievement goal orientations.Comparisons between latent subgroups on autonomous motivation,controlled motivation,and mental toughness were performed using analysis of variance.Results:Latent profile analysis supported 3 distinct patterns of achievement goal profiles that were primarily distinguishable based on valence of competence(i.e.,approach vs.avoidance).Analyses of variance indicated that athletes who were classified into subgroups that endorsed approach types of goals(regardless of the types of avoidance goals they endorsed)reported higher levels of autonomous motivation and mental toughness.Conclusion:Results indicated that athletes tend to pursue a number of achievement goals collectively rather than in isolation.Although approach goals are more commonly linked to adaptive psychological functioning and positive outcomes,avoidance goals may also be associated with desirable psychological characteristics if they are pursued in conjunction with approach types of achievement goals. 相似文献
13.
Based on self-determination theory, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that importance ratings of life aspirations would mediate the effects of participation in recreational and competitive sport on psychological well-being. In addition, the effects of sport participation on psychological well-being were hypothesized to indicate that, compared with competitive athletes, recreational athletes would report higher psychological well-being. The participants were 118 university students (83 males, 35 females) with a mean age of 20.8 years (s = 7.6). In accordance with the initial hypotheses, a path analysis supported the mediating effect of importance ratings of life aspirations, but not of attainment ratings of life aspirations, on the relationship between participation in recreational and competitive sport and psychological well-being. The indirect effects observed for importance ratings supported the conclusion that recreational athletes showed a preference for intrinsic life aspirations compared with competitive athletes and reported higher psychological well-being. Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that the moral worth of sport does not reside so much in the frequency with which individuals engage in sport but in the goals and values people express through sport participation. 相似文献
14.
Abstract Based on self-determination theory, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that importance ratings of life aspirations would mediate the effects of participation in recreational and competitive sport on psychological well-being. In addition, the effects of sport participation on psychological well-being were hypothesized to indicate that, compared with competitive athletes, recreational athletes would report higher psychological well-being. The participants were 118 university students (83 males, 35 females) with a mean age of 20.8 years (s = 7.6). In accordance with the initial hypotheses, a path analysis supported the mediating effect of importance ratings of life aspirations, but not of attainment ratings of life aspirations, on the relationship between participation in recreational and competitive sport and psychological well-being. The indirect effects observed for importance ratings supported the conclusion that recreational athletes showed a preference for intrinsic life aspirations compared with competitive athletes and reported higher psychological well-being. Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that the moral worth of sport does not reside so much in the frequency with which individuals engage in sport but in the goals and values people express through sport participation. 相似文献
15.
集体项目和个人项目的非智力特征分解研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
探讨了对集体运动项目和个人运动项目进行非智力特征分解的可能性。对总共370 名运动员的3 项研究表明,在矛盾情绪表达、一般健康状况、心理——身体症状、社会支持、成就动机、生活满意感、自尊、运动动机和同理心等9 个方面,均未发现集体运动项目和个人运动项目的差异。分析了这一结果的原因,提出训练年限的长度和心理量具的敏感性是今后对运动项目进行心理学非智力特征分解时需要注意的问题。 相似文献
16.
We investigated antecedents of mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals in sport. University athletes (n = 230) aged 18-25 years (mean 20.3 years, s = 1.5) completed measures of approach-avoidance goals, perceived parental motivational climate, perceived team motivational climate, perceived competence, and demographics. Multiple regression analyses revealed that mastery-approach goals were positively predicted by perceived competence, mastery team climate, learning/enjoyment parental climate, and gender, with males being higher on these goals than females. Mastery-avoidance goals were predicted positively by learning/enjoyment parental climate and negatively by gender, with females being higher on these goals than males. Performance-approach goals were positively predicted by perceived competence, performance team climate, and gender, with males being higher on these goals than females. Finally, performance-avoidance goals were predicted positively by worry-conducive parental climate. These findings suggest that a mastery or performance climate is related to whether athletes adopt a mastery or performance goal, whereas the perception of competence is associated with whether athletes adopt approach-focused goals. Gender should be considered in future examinations of the approach-avoidance achievement goals in sport. 相似文献
17.
采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对随机抽取的359名广东省在役高水平运动员进行问卷调查。结果显示：高水平运动员心理健康问题检出率为10．6～31．8％,在多个因子上显著高于全国常模;高水平运动员心理健康的多个因子在性别、项目、年龄、运动水平上存在显著性差异;高水平运动员的心理健康水平较低;高水平运动员的心理健康存在较大个体差异。 相似文献
18.
运动心理学研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
概述竞技运动心理、大众锻炼心理和体育教育心理3个领域的研究进展,并提出今后的研究展望.在竞技运动领域,运动心理学家最关注3个领域:运动员认知特征和人格特征、运动员心理状态的检测和评价、运动员心理调节能力的提高.锻炼与心理健康的关系是大众锻炼心理领域关注的重点.体育教育心理研究突出表现在重视对学生体育学习心理的研究,应用性研究增多,对重要的基础理论探索更加深入.但在学生体育学习心理特点和体育教学心理建设功能领域低层次重复性研究较多.运动心理学研究将主要围绕运动员心理训练、各种生理指标在监测与评价运动员心理状态或心理机能时的信度与效度、运动员的运动认知和身体锻炼与心理健康关系4个方面展开. 相似文献
19.
Justine Allen John Taylor Paul Dimeo Sarah Dixon Leigh Robinson 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(9):899-906
Understanding athletes’ attitudes to doping continues to be of interest for its potential to contribute to an international anti-doping system. However, little is known about the relationship between elite athletes’ attitudes to drug use and potential explanatory factors, including achievement goals and the motivational climate. In addition, despite specific World Anti-Doping Agency Code relating to team sport athletes, little is known about whether sport type (team or individual) is a risk or protective factor in relation to doping. Elite athletes from Scotland (N = 177) completed a survey examining attitudes to performance-enhancing drug (PED) use, achievement goal orientations and perceived motivational climate. Athletes were generally against doping for performance enhancement. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that task and ego goals and mastery motivational climate were predictors of attitudes to PED use (F (4, 171) = 15.81, P < .01). Compared with individual athletes, team athletes were significantly lower in attitude to PED use and ego orientation scores and significantly higher in perceptions of a mastery motivational climate (Wilks’ lambda = .76, F = 10.89 (5, 170), P < .01). The study provides insight into how individual and situational factors may act as protective and risk factors in doping in sport. 相似文献