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出发是游泳运动员的重要技术之一,出发技术的好坏,直接影响着游泳成绩的好坏,特别对短距离比赛项目来说影响更大。研究表明,运动员通过训练改进出发技术,比赛成绩至少可以提高0.10秒,通过训练还可提高出发稳定性,减少出发犯规,因此,在游泳训练中必须重视出发技术的训练。 相似文献
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游泳比赛的开始称为出发。出发技术好,能形成一种心理上的优越感,尤其是现代游泳比赛的名次以百分之一秒计算,所以,出发技术更显得重要。游泳竞赛规则规定,除仰泳在水中出发外,其他各种游泳姿势都必须从出发台上出发。从实践中看,运动员出发的速度度要比游泳的速度快得多,因此游泳运动员的出发技术好,在出发后的最初一段距离内既能赢得时间,又能节省体力。出发台出发技术有摆臂式、抓台式等形式。目前,在比赛中运动员普遍采用的是抓台式出发。出发,一般是安排在学生掌握游泳技术后进行,先进行辅助练习,掌握一定的出发技术后,再过渡到抓台式… 相似文献
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年龄组运动员比赛中常见犯规及其原因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
当今的游泳比赛是运动员综合实力的较量 ,因此要求运动员必须在专业技术、心理素质、身体机能和比赛经验等各个方面都具备很强的实力。年龄组运动员作为省队和国家队的后备力量 ,在各个方面必须打下良好的基础 ,打牢专业技术基础尤为重要。通过对年龄组游泳比赛中犯规的判罚分析 ,发现运动员在出发技术、转身技术和腿部动作技术方面出现犯规较为常见。(一 )出发技术游泳比赛的竞争异常激烈 ,胜负往往就在百分之一秒内决出。出发技术作为整个动作技术的一部分 ,如果掌握的好 ,对于赢得比赛的时间和胜利是非常重要的。１ .出发抢码《游泳竞赛… 相似文献
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从总体上看,我国运动员的旋转时间和加速节奏符合现代链球技术要求。三圈组总时间1.84秒,其中第一圈0.76秒,以后各圈按33.33％和11.63％的比率减少时间。这个节奏与奥运会选手相同,但总时间较长,基数大。四圈总时间2.29秒,其中第一圈0.772秒,以后各圈按35％、18.2％、6.02％的比率减少时间。最后一圈0.458秒。除个别人接近国外优秀选手水平,总体上有差距。 相似文献
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文章运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、摄像解析法及试验统计法等研究方法,对武术套路、散打运动员出拳时间进行试验、比较分析。结果表明：武术套路、散打运动员出拳平均反应时间分别为0.251秒、0.174秒。武术套路、散打运动员出拳平均预动时间分别为0.392秒、0.476秒。测试中武术散打运动员反映时间占据优势,而武术套路运动员预动时间短,能在最短的时间内使拳到达预定位置。从发生动作反应开始到最后击中目标,武术套路运动员与武术散打运动员在原地出拳项目测试中不具有显著性差异。但是在进步出拳项目测试中差异具有显著性,武术散打运动员全部完成动作所用时间较短。换言之,在实战条件下,武术散打运动员占据优势。 相似文献
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本文通过不同拉伸时间试验组的比较确定发展少儿游泳运动员踝关节韧性的静力拉伸最佳时间。比较结果表明：50秒、l分20秒、2分三种不同时间的静力拉伸对提高踝关节柔韧性的影响基本相同。为使训练时间更为．经济，最佳的拉伸时间可控制在50秒一1分钟。 相似文献
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选择10名广州大学高水平男子游泳运动员为研究对象,采用测力板、高速摄像机等仪器设备同步采集运动学和动力学参数资料,对游泳接力项目中常用的两种接跳出发技术进行对比分析,选择更适宜接力项目的摆臂式出发技术对自由泳成绩最好的4名运动员进行为期4周的接跳训练,籍以探讨两种接跳出发技术的优劣及摆臂式出发技术训练对接跳时间的成效.结果表明,摆臂式出发技术相对于抓台式出发技术具有较大起跳角度、垂直速度和起跳作用力,入水阻力小,在入水距离、出发10m时间具有较大的优势,更适合游泳接力的项目特点,更适宜在游泳接力项目中使用.实验证明,运动员经过较长时间的接跳训练,采用摆臂式出发技术可以明显提高游泳接力项目的接跳时间. 相似文献
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Santiago Veiga Andreu Roig 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(1):34-44
In the present research, we examined the effect of the starting and turning performances on the subsequent swimming parameters by (1) comparing the starting and turning velocities with the swimming parameters on the emersion and mid-pool segments and (2) by relating the individual behaviour of swimmers during the start and turns with subsequent behaviour on each swimming lap. One hundred and twelve 100 m performances on the FINA 2013 World Swimming Championships were analysed by an image-processing system (InThePool 2.0®). At the point of the start emersion, the swimming parameters of the 100-m elite swimmers were substantially greater than the mid-pool parameters, except on the breaststroke races. On the other hand, no diminution in the swimming parameters was observed between the turn emersion and the mid-pool swimming, except on the butterfly and backstroke male races. Changes on the surface swimming kinematics were not generally related to the starting or turning parameters, although male swimmers who develop faster starts seem to achieve faster velocities at emersion. Race analysts should be aware of a transfer of momentum when swimmers emerge from underwater with implications on the subsequent swimming kinematics, especially for male swimmers who employ underwater undulatory techniques. 相似文献
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为了九运会夺金,根据有关测试数据分析,以力量训练与技术训练结合的办法,提高徐妍玮出发、转身能力,取得了预期效果. 相似文献
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通过文献资料、观察法、数理统计等研究方法,对北京奥运会游泳比赛中运动员采用蹲踞式和抓台式出发反应时进行统计与分析。结果表明：蹲踞式出发技术具有较好的稳定性、起动速度更快和发力效果好,比抓台式出发技术的反应时短,具有显著性差异,成为主流出发技术;建议：在各层次运动队的训练中广泛推广。 相似文献
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Sian E. Slawson Paul P. Conway Jodi Cossor Nandini Chakravorti Andrew A. West 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):468-478
Abstract Work presented in this paper provides a methodology for categorising swimming start performance based on peak force production on the main block and footrest components of the Omega OSB11 starting block. A total of 46 elite British swimmers were tested, producing over 1000 start trials. Overwater cameras were synchronised to a specifically designed start block that allowed the measurement of force production via two sets of four, tri-axis, force transducers; one set in the main block and one in the footrest. Data were then analysed, segregating trials for gender. Each start was categorised, with respect to the peak force production in horizontal and vertical components, into one of nine categories. Three performance indicators, i.e. block time, take-off velocity and distance of entry, were used to assess whether differences in performance could be correlated with these categories. Results from these data suggest that swimmers generating higher than average peak forces were more likely to produce a better overall start performance than those who produced forces lower than the average, for this population of athletes. 相似文献
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Tsuyoshi Takeda Shin Sakai Hideki Takagi Keisuke Okuno Shozo Tsubakimoto 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(6):565-571
This study examines the hand and foot reaction force recorded independently while performing the kick-start technique. Eleven male competitive swimmers performed three trials for the kick-start with maximum effort. Three force platforms (main block, backplate and handgrip) were used to measure reaction forces during starting motion. Force impulses from the hands, front foot and rearfoot were calculated via time integration. During the kick-start, the vertical impulse from the front foot was significantly higher than that from the rearfoot and the horizontal impulse from the rearfoot was significantly higher than that from the front foot. The force impulse from the front foot was dominant for generating vertical take-off velocity and the force impulse from the rearfoot was dominant for horizontal take-off velocity. The kick-start’s shorter block time in comparison to prior measurements of the grab start was explained by the development of horizontal reaction force from the hands and the rearfoot at the beginning of the starting motion. 相似文献
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对近4届世界游泳锦标赛上高水平(决赛和半决赛)自由泳运动员的运动成绩进行分析,其中男、女各224人共历时7年.通过各分段时间与最终成绩的相关分析,以及历届不同水平、性别的优秀运动员在各个项目上的分段时间进行研究.结果发现,在任何项目上,不论水平高低,自由泳运动员都呈现较为类似的时间分配模式,其中在短距离项目上,水平越高的运动员前后半程的分段时间差越小并趋于均衡;在中距离项目上,男子运动员后半程保持速度的能力优于女子,历届世锦赛的获胜者在每个分段上处于领先位置,尤其在途中的游速上;同时长距离项目上水平较高的运动员在途中的分段时间有明显的下降趋势(加速)且变化较小,而水平稍差的运动员有明显的上升趋势(减速).建议教练员和运动员在保持总分段时间分配特征的前提下,通过技术优化和力量训练来提高分段成绩,进一步提高比赛成绩. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Yassine Negra Tony D. Myers Senda Sammoud Helmi Chaabene 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(7):787-794
ABSTRACTThis study identified key somatic and demographic characteristics that benefit all swimmers and, at the same time, identified further characteristics that benefit only specific swimming strokes. Three hundred sixty-three competitive-level swimmers (male [n = 202]; female [n = 161]) participated in the study. We adopted a multiplicative, allometric regression model to identify the key characteristics associated with 100 m swimming speeds (controlling for age). The model was refined using backward elimination. Characteristics that benefited some but not all strokes were identified by introducing stroke-by-predictor variable interactions. The regression analysis revealed 7 “common” characteristics that benefited all swimmers suggesting that all swimmers benefit from having less body fat, broad shoulders and hips, a greater arm span (but shorter lower arms) and greater forearm girths with smaller relaxed arm girths. The 4 stroke-specific characteristics reveal that backstroke swimmers benefit from longer backs, a finding that can be likened to boats with longer hulls also travel faster through the water. Other stroke-by-predictor variable interactions (taken together) identified that butterfly swimmers are characterized by greater muscularity in the lower legs. These results highlight the importance of considering somatic and demographic characteristics of young swimmers for talent identification purposes (i.e., to ensure that swimmers realize their most appropriate strokes). 相似文献
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世界优秀花样游泳运动员体型特征的分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文采用希思 -卡特体型测定法测试了 81名世界优秀花样游泳运动员的体型。结果表明 ,世界优秀花样游泳运动员的平均体型分值为 3.81 - 3.2 6 - 3.2 0 ,最优秀运动员体型的平均分值是 3.5 0 - 3.42 - 3.5 8,中国花样游泳运动员的平均体型分值为 3.85 - 2 .5 0 - 3.75 ,中因子分值明显低于总体均值和最优秀运动员值。提示 :优秀花样游泳运动员存在最佳体型 ,运动员体型中的中因子分值与运动成绩密切相关 相似文献
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目的:检验采用比赛数据计算高水平游泳运动员临界速度的可行性和有效性,探索高水平游泳运动员临界速度同比变化对中长距离自由泳成绩同比变化的影响,建立临界速度同比变化对高水平游泳运动员长距离自由泳成绩同比变化概率的预测回归模型。方法:收集2011-2018年中长距离自由泳项目(200~1500 m)世界游泳排名Top100的信息,采用距离-时间模型计算临界速度,用线性回归评估临界速度与中长距离游泳项目成绩的关系,使用逻辑回归(logistics)评价临界速度同比变化对成绩同比变化的影响。结果:临界速度可以分别解释200 m、400 m、800 m和1500 m自由泳成绩变化的76.8%、87.2%、90.7%和99.5%。当临界速度同比提高时,长距离项目(800 m和1500 m)成绩同比提高是成绩同比下降的30倍。当临界速度同比提高/下降1%~6%时,长距离项目(800 m和1500 m)成绩同比提高/下降的发生概率约为80%~100%。结论:采用比赛参数(比赛成绩和比赛距离)计算临界速度是可行和有效的;临界速度同比变化百分比(提高/下降)能预测成绩同比变化,是解释长距离自由泳成绩同比变化的关键因素。 相似文献