共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
社会建构主义作为一种新的学习理论,对学习和教学提出了一系列新的解释,其形成和发展对当今的教育教学尤其是课程改革产生了深远而积极的影响。 把建构主义思想应用于学前教育领域的当推杜威、皮亚杰和维果茨基。对于杜威,学与教基于儿童的行动;对于皮亚杰,学与教基于儿童的个体建构;而对于维果茨基,学与教基于儿童的“最近发展区”。当今,在幼儿园数学 相似文献
2.
维果茨基坚信儿童的发展发生在其最近发展区内,成人或能力较强的同伴对儿童的发展起着重要的促进作用。在维果茨基对最近发展区的解释中,为学习者提供帮助的人有两类:成人或能力较强的同伴。维果茨基关注较多的是成人对儿童的影响,而对同伴的作用研究较少。当代研究者沿着维果茨基开创的研究传统对同伴合作进行了卓有成效的探索,从深度与广度两方面极大地丰富与发展了维果茨基的最近发展区理论。一、配对合作研究(一)影响合作效果的个体因素性别作为一个影响儿童合作效果的潜在因素在维果茨基的解释中基本没有提及,截至目前,相关的研究也很… 相似文献
3.
维果茨基社会建构论思想在教学实践中的应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
维果茨基的社会文化理论揭示了知识建构中个体和社会相互依赖的性质。当代的社会建构论继承并发展了维果茨基的建构论思想，形成了独具特色的教育理念，孕育了一系列新颖别致的教学模式，极大地影响了当代教育的发展取向。 相似文献
4.
维果茨基是苏联著名的心理学家,社会文化历史学派的创始人。由他提出的心理科学研究理论对后世产生了独特而深远的影响。而维果茨基理论在教育中运用得最为广泛的莫过于最近发展区理论。最近发展区是指“儿童独立解决问题的实际发展水平与在成人指导下或在有能力的同伴合作中解 相似文献
5.
维果茨基理论在早期教育中的运用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
维果茨基作为历史文化学派的代表人物,是与皮亚杰齐名的著名心理学家。他的理论,特别是“最近发展区“理论对早期教育实践产生了重大影响。虽然维果茨基并没有明确地说明儿童是怎样达到“最近发展区”的,但许多西方学者纷纷从不同角度提出自己的观点,丰富和发展了维果茨基的理论。他们的观点对于我们理解维果茨基的理论很有帮助。本文第一部分比较深入地分析了“最近发展区”理论在早期教育中的运用;第二部分着重介绍西方学者运用“最近发展区”理论提出的“鹰架教学”;第三部分则介绍了社会教学学派(其理念主要源自维果茨基的有关理论)对成人(特别是教师)在儿童解决问题中的作用的看法。阅读本文,有助于我们更全面地了解、更准确地把握和运用维果茨基的理论。 相似文献
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维果茨基（1896—1934）是前苏联建国时期的卓越的心理学家,“文化——历史”理论的创始人。他主要研究儿童发展与教育心理,着重探讨思维和语言、儿童学习与发展的关系问题。维果茨基的理论强调文化、社会对儿童认知发展的影响。由于他在心理学领域做出的重要贡献而被誉为“心理学中的莫扎特”。他所创立的文化历史理论不仅对前苏联,而且对西方心理学产生了广泛的影响。 相似文献
7.
维果茨基与建构主义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
安连义 《天津市教科院学报》2004,(4):51-55
维果茨基是苏联建国时期卓越的心理学家，主要研究儿童发展与教育心理，着重探讨思维和语言、儿童学习与发展的关系问题，创立了著名的“文化历史发展理论”。从科学共同体的角度看，维果茨基与皮亚杰属同时代的人。他们有着共同的“历史的和批判的”背景。维果茨基阅读过皮亚杰的著作并对 相似文献
8.
维果茨基教学与发展思想述评 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
教学与发展的关系是维果茨基发展性教学论的两个基本理论支柱之一。通过对同时代三类主要的教学与发展思想的分析和批判，维果茨基提出了自己的看法，较正确地解决了教学与发展的关系问题。文章据此阐述了维果茨基的教学与发展思想，介绍了学者们在对维果茨基这一思想的研究中新近所提出的模型化解释，同时进行了较全面的评析。 相似文献
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维果茨基“最近发展区”思想在美国的运用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
20世纪 70年代末 ,前苏联心理学家维果茨基的理论被大量介绍到美国 ,在美国兴起了研究维果茨基理论的热潮 ,尤其作为维果茨基理论的浓缩体———“最近发展区”思想 ,更成为研究的热点 ,该思想在美国得到广泛的运用及发展。美国在传统上一直是信奉自由主义、儿童中心的 ,其教育深受包括早期的卢梭等人思想的影响以及近代杜威及进步主义思想的影响。至上个世纪 5 0年代起 ,皮亚杰的发生认识论逐渐成为西方心理学界研究儿童心理发展的主流理论 ,其后继研究者大都秉承了他的基本研究取向 ,着眼于儿童个体的学习和发展 ,更多地强调儿童自身的主… 相似文献
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维果茨基的社会文化理论采用多维方法,特别关注个体认知、情感、社会和情境方面的变化,对我们理解教师的学习和发展模式提供了新的视角。考察了社会中介的概念,它是维果茨基学习理论与现有教师专业发展模式之间缺失的环节。新教师可以使用各种工具,包括专业期刊、通信工具、在线论坛、互联网、相关软件、实习或实习脚手架的内部或外部来源,促进专业发展并逐步成长为专家教师。讨论了拟议方法对设计和实施教师专业发展的各种影响,将教师专业发展与维果茨基的社会文化理论的核心原则联系起来。 相似文献
11.
《教育心理学家》2013,48(2):77-81
Lev Vygotsky's contribution to defectology became a significant part of his overall theoretical legacy. Within his general theory of child development, he created a comprehensive and practically oriented paradigm of educating children with special needs. This article discusses the following topics' relevance to contemporary special education and school/educational psychology: Vygotsky's views on the nature of handicapping conditions in children, the principles of psychoeducational evaluation of the disabled, and the issue of the compensation and education of children with sensory and cognitive impairments. 相似文献
12.
During the last twenty years, Vygotsky's theory has increasingly been cited when considering aspects of early education. Most commonly, however, a single concept (the zone of proximal development) has been used to represent the theory, and treated as synonymous with the view that a teacher's job is to scaffold the children's learning. By contrast, in this paper we stress the fact that Vygotsky's theory is one that requires attending to what individuals bring to interactions, what goes on during those interactions, and the cultural contexts (as they have developed over historical time) of the individuals involved. Equally important, we stress that Vygotsky's view of interactions between teachers and children involves the concept of obuchenie, a Russian term meaning both teaching and learning, rather than scaffolded instruction. To take this position seriously involves making dramatic changes in the process of education as typically practiced. For this reason Vygotsky's theory has revolutionary implications, examples of which we discuss in the final section. 相似文献
13.
根据维果茨基的社会文化发展理论,在幼儿社会性教育中,要扩大儿童社会交往的范围,特别是要充分利用幼儿同伴交往的作用;同时要对儿童的社会交往给予一定的关注和指导,使儿童最初的这些社会交往活动更有利于儿童的社会性发展。这既是幼儿园社会教育的重要任务,也是促进儿童社会性发展的重要途径。 相似文献
14.
对残疾儿童少年社会存在的追问是回答特殊教育何以可能的重要命题。存在主义为特殊教育存在与发展奠定了极富活力的认识论基础。残疾儿童少年作为＂能动＂与＂受动＂、＂自然人＂与＂文化人＂统一的社会存在,自我与社会的矛盾、＂能动＂与＂受动＂的矛盾、文化补偿和缺陷补偿的矛盾以及文化世界的矛盾冲突,构成了特殊教育存在与发展内在动力与活力系统的要素。 相似文献
15.
Andy Byford 《History of education》2017,46(5):595-617
The article discusses the role that conceptualisations of child ‘imperfection’ played in the rise and fall of Russian ‘child study’ between the 1900s and the 1930s. Drawing on Georges Canguilhem’s ideas on ‘the normal’ and ‘the pathological’, the article analyses practices centred on diagnosing subnormality and pathology in the Russian child population in the late tsarist and early Soviet eras. It first examines mutually competing normative regimes that framed categorisations of ‘imperfection’ among Russia’s children in the context of the empire’s accelerated, yet ambivalent modernisation during the 1900s–1910s. It then charts the expansion of this diagnostics in the first decade or so of the Soviet regime, following its shift in focus from the early-1920s’ ‘delinquent child’ to the late-1920s’ ‘mass child’. The article concludes with a discussion of the emergence, over this same period, of the Russian field of medicalised special education known as ‘defectology’. It argues that defectology’s disciplinary specificity crystallised in 1936 around a purposely restrictive concept of ‘imperfection’, understood as individualised and clinically established pathological ‘impairment’. The latter conceptualisation became fixed at the height of Stalinism as a strategic counter to the expansive flux in which the diagnostics and conceptualisation of child ‘imperfection’ had otherwise been over the first three decades of the twentieth century in the context of the remarkable rise of child study during this period. 相似文献
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基于维果茨基的经典著作《思维与语言》,深入梳理其关于科学概念的论述,逐一讨论科学概念的本质、形成过程以及发展规律,探讨维果茨基对科学概念发展的研究为教学带来的启示。维果茨基对科学概念和日常概念作出区分,开创性地指出二者是同一概念形成过程的两个方面。他结合儿童思维发展的特点,重点分析了科学概念的发展方式,指出儿童智力发展与学校教学之间的紧密联系,认为教学先于发展。教师教授科学概念时,儿童的高级心理机能尚未成熟,而是在互动教学中通过与所学概念不断建立内在联系而逐渐发展的。在这个过程中,儿童的主动性、教师的积极性和他们所处的社会环境共同构建了概念的发展,而这些教学概念和方法同时也为科学概念在儿童内部心理机能中的发展提供了有效的路径,不断深化人们对掌握概念和学科知识规律的认识。维果茨基对儿童科学概念的研究为教学研究注入了新的动力、开拓了新的角度,推动了社会建构主义理论的发展。 相似文献
17.
This article advances a framework for computer implementation based on Vygotsky's theory of socially mediated cognitive development. The approach suggested by this framework, teacher-assisted computer implementation, acknowledges the critical role of the adult or more skilled partners in task performance and knowledge construction. An application of this approach, designated as software with enhancement, is described as it was used to provide language enrichment with Head Start children. Implications of this approach for computer implementation in early childhood classrooms are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Efforts to prepare teachers and other professionals for inclusive education in the Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth
of Independent States (CIS/CEE) region are heavily influenced by the legacy of Soviet defectology (the study of children with
disabilities) and Soviet traditions of teacher education. The authors identify some challenges facing those concerned with
preparing teachers for inclusive education and provide examples of current projects in the region that address the complex
problems associated with providing inclusive education for children identified as having disabilities. The changing role of
defectologists in inclusion policy and practice is also discussed. Case examples from Armenia, Latvia, the Czech Republic,
Azerbaijan, and Serbia reflect current innovations in teacher education and professional development in the region. 相似文献
19.
Vygotsky has become an authority, but the authority has more to do with justifying a sociocultural relativism than it has with his Marxist objectivist approach to psychology and pedagogy. This paper is an attempt to understand Vygotsky's perspective in relation to Marxist epistemology, and will critically examine the sociocultural interpretation of Vygotsky but within the light of his own perspective. It will be shown that the relativism of the sociocultural school not only takes Vygotsky's zone of proximal development out of its social and historical context, but as a consequence downplays the zone of proximal development as a dynamic research methodology. As an extension of the discussion of the zone of proximal development, this paper will also examine the sociocultural interpretation of Vygotsky's relation between scientific and everyday concepts, and the pedagogical consequences of such an interpretation. 相似文献