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1.
《西安体育学院学报》2014,(1):90-95
应激-运动损伤理论认为人格特征对于运动员急性运动损伤的影响存在直接影响效应和调节效应,为验证该假设,研究采用《运动焦虑量表》对243名运动员的多维竞赛特质焦虑进行了测量,并对其过去1年内急性运动损伤的情况进行调查,最后主要采用二项Logistic回归分析,考察了运动员多维竞赛特质焦虑对急性运动损伤的影响效应。研究结果显示:担忧性竞赛特质焦虑、躯体化竞赛特质焦虑以及担忧性竞赛特质焦虑与消极生活应激的交互作用的OR值分别为1.782(P<0.05)、1.381(P<0.05)、1.091(P<0.05),表明运动员的躯体化竞赛特质焦虑对急性运动损伤的发生具有直接影响效应,而认知性竞赛特质焦虑既对急性运动损伤产生直接影响效应,又能调节消极生活应激对急性运动损伤的影响,起到调节变量的作用。 相似文献
2.
大学生运动员运动损伤与心理应激因素及人格特征的相关性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以河南大学生运动员为研究对象,运用《运动员心理应激调查问卷》和《艾森克个性问卷》为研究工具,对大学生运动员运动损伤与心理应激因素及人格特征的相关性进行研究。结果显示:不同的应激源所引起的心理负情绪是导致运动损伤的主要原因,而运动员的个性特征与运动员损伤也有着一定的相关性。 相似文献
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采用谭先明编制的运动员应激量表,对体育院校的网球运动员进行心理应激的研究,主要从人际关系、运动受伤、比赛失利、环境因素、日常生活遭遇和内外压力等6个维度(45个子项)的应激源对被试者进行测量.统计分析结果显示:网球运动员的总体应激在运动等级上有显著差异,在性别上有无差异.在性别与不同维度之间的关系分析中,只有因子"内外压力"在性别上有显著差异,且男子高于女子.运动年限与运动损伤应激成线性关系,在日常训练中教练员应注意排解运动员的心理压力,减少运动损伤. 相似文献
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运动员倦怠的测量、模型与预测变量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运动员倦怠是运动员运动生涯普遍存在的心理现象,它对运动员运动生涯有着不良影响.文章以运动员倦怠研究的历史演进为线索,对运动员倦怠的测量、运动员倦怠的模型、运动员倦怠的预测变量的研究进行了综述,旨在进一步深入研究运动员倦怠的问题,从而进一步提高我国运动训练的科学化水平.研究认为未来这一领域应加强以下几个方面的研究:(1)研制适合我国运动员倦怠测量工具的研究;(2)对运动员倦怠产生机制进行系统的理论梳理,并加以实证研究.(3)重视情境与人格的交互作用在预测运动员倦怠中的研究. 相似文献
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竞技运动情景是一个充满足威胁,压力和挑战性的情景,能引起运动员高水平的应激反应。这种应激反应具有广泛的消极作用,会逐渐削弱运动员的技术和继续从事运动的兴趣,甚至还可能显著地增加运动损伤发生的可能性。竞技运动情景也是研究应激发生的先前和随后事件以及评 相似文献
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周亚兰 《体育科技文献通报》2022,(2)
目的:基于注意网络测试范式探讨不同级别青少年拳击运动员各注意子网络的差异。方法:选取黑龙江体工队拳击健将运动员十人,吉林体育学院二级运动员十人,对这二十名拳击运动员进行注意网络测试,在进行行为学测试的同时运用功能性近红外光谱技术监测运动员各脑区的血氧变化情况。结果:行为学结果显示健将运动员与二级运动员注意网络中警觉网络和执行控制网络效应具有显著性差异(P<0.05);影像学结果表示在警觉网络中,两组运动员在rIPL处血氧激活量具有显著性(P<0.05);在定向网络中血氧激活量在rIGF处差异显著(P<0.05);执行控制网络中血氧激活量在rIPL(P<0.01)和rDLPFC(P<0.05)处差异显著。结论:拳击运动员的级别越高,警觉网络效应和执行控制网络效应越强;背外侧前额叶激活区域越大,运动员的执行控制功能越强。 相似文献
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运动员应激应对策略探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献研究法对应激、应对有关理论在体育领域内的应用研究进行了综述，旨在为以后的研究提供有益的参考。研究认为：专门针对运动员的应激、应对测量工具还有待进一步开发与完善；运动员较为突出的应激源为人际关系、运动受伤和比赛失利；情境因素对应激应对策略的影响还有待研究；积极的应对方式与运动员的焦虑呈正相关，消极的应对方式与焦虑呈负相关，但在某些应激情境下，逃避行为对降低焦虑程度有积极的短期效用；未来的研究趋势包括应激、应对测量工具的开发和认知评价的干预研究及应激应对策略的研究。 相似文献
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《体育科技文献通报》1997,(3)
G804.53 9700868体育专业学生应激水平与运动损伤关系的探讨[刊,中,I]/颜军//体育与科学(江苏).-1997.-18(1).-55-57图1表2(DW)体育系//应激//损伤//关系//分析//应激水平以前人的相关研究成果为基础,选择体育专业大学生运动损伤为研究对象,运用 Cawte 应激量表为主要研究工具.结果显示:高应激水平是导致运动损伤的重要原因之一.体育专业运动损伤者 相似文献
10.
体育专业学生应激水平与运动损伤关系的探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以前人的相关研究成果为基础,选择体育专业大学生运动损伤者为研究对象,运用Cawte应激量表为主要研究工具。结果显示:高应激水平是导致运动损伤的重要原因之一;体育专业学生运动损伤者的应激水平高于正常的体育专业学生;不同性别、年龄运动损伤者的应激水平不存在统计学意义上的差异。 相似文献
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In this study, we measured changes in state anxiety, visual perception and reaction time during stress among 196 collegiate athletes participating in 10 sports. The athletes also completed measures of life events and social support at the beginning of their seasons. Measures of life events stress, social support, perceptual changes and changes in reaction time during stress were used as predictors of the number of injuries. For the entire sample, the only significant predictor of injury was negative life events stress (R= 0.45, P < 0.001). Following the suggestions of Smith et al., simple correlations were performed for those with least social support (bottom 33%, n=65). Among this group, those individuals with more negative life events and greater peripheral narrowing during stress incurred more injuries than those with the opposite profile. Our findings are in line with the model of Andersen and Williams, in that those individuals who were low in a variable that buffers stress responsivity (i.e. social support), their negative life events and peripheral narrowing under stress (large and medium effect sizes, respectively) were substantially related to their number of injuries. 相似文献
12.
In this study, we measured changes in state anxiety, visual perception and reaction time during stress among 196 collegiate athletes participating in 10 sports. The athletes also completed measures of life events and social support at the beginning of their seasons. Measures of life events stress, social support, perceptual changes and changes in reaction time during stress were used as predictors of the number of injuries. For the entire sample, the only significant predictor of injury was negative life events stress (R = 0.45, P < 0.001). Following the suggestions of Smith et al., simple correlations were performed for those with least social support (bottom 33%, n = 65). Among this group, those individuals with more negative life events and greater peripheral narrowing during stress incurred more injuries than those with the opposite profile. Our findings are in line with the model of Andersen and Williams, in that those individuals who were low in a variable that buffers stress responsivity (i.e. social support), their negative life events and peripheral narrowing under stress (large and medium effect sizes, respectively) were substantially related to their number of injuries. 相似文献
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Nikos V. Margaritelis Anastasios A. Theodorou Antonios Kyparos Michalis G. Nikolaidis Vassilis Paschalis 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(14):1630-1637
Underfat individuals have been neglected as a malnourished population in terms of redox homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of body composition on redox homeostasis at rest and in response to exercise. Underfat, lean and overfat women, classified according to their BMI and body fat percentage, participated in the study and were subjected to an acute session of eccentric exercise. With regard to muscle function and damage, a significant group × time interaction was found for range of motion (P < .01), isometric peak torque at 90° (P < .01), delayed onset muscle soreness (P < .01) and creatine kinase (P < .05), with the lean group generally exhibiting faster recovery compared to the underfat and overfat groups. With regard to redox homeostasis, a significant group × time interaction was found for F2-isoprostanes, protein carbonyls and glutathione (P < .01 for all biomarkers), with the underfat and overfat groups exhibiting increased resting oxidative stress levels and lower exercise-induced reactive species production . In conclusively, our data underline the importance of normal body composition for redox homeostasis, since underfat and overfat women demonstrate a similar pattern of redox disturbances both at rest and in response to exercise. 相似文献
14.
Lower limb stretching based on myofascial chains has been demonstrated to increase cervical range of motion (ROM) in the sagittal plane. It is, however, unknown whether such remote exercise is as effective as local stretching. To resolve this research deficit, 63 healthy participants (36 ± 13 years, ♂32) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: remote stretching of the lower limb (LLS), local stretching of the cervical spine (CSS) or inactive control (CON). Prior (M1), immediately post (M2) and 5 min following intervention (M3), maximal cervical ROM was assessed. Non-parametric data analysis (Kruskal–Wallis tests and adjusted post hoc Dunn tests) revealed significant differences between the disposed conditions. With one exception (cervical spine rotation after CSS at M2, P > .05), both LLS and CSS increased cervical ROM compared to the control group in all movement planes and at all measurements (P < .05). Between LLS and CSS, no statistical differences were found (P > .05). Lower limb stretching based on myofascial chains induces similar acute improvements in cervical ROM as local exercise. Therapists might consequently consider its use in programme design. However, as the attained effects do not seem to be direction-specific, further research is warranted in order to provide evidence-based recommendations. 相似文献
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There is ongoing debate about how to define injury in dance: the most encompassing one or a time-loss definition. We examined the relationship between touring, performance schedule and injury definition on injury rates in a professional modern dance company over one-year. In-house healthcare management tracked 35 dancers for work-related musculoskeletal injuries (WMSI), time-loss injuries (TLinj), complaints, and exposure. The year was divided into 6 segments to allow comparison of effects of performance, rehearsal, and touring. Injuries/segment were converted into injuries/1000-h dance exposure. We conducted negative binomial regression analysis to determine differences between segments, P ≤ 0.05. Twenty WMSI, 0.44 injuries/1000-h, were sustained over one-year. WMSI were 6 times more likely to occur in Segment-6, compared with other segments (incident rate ratio = 6.055, P = 0.031). The highest rate of TLinj and traumatic injuries also occurred in Segment-6, reflecting concentrated rehearsal, New York season and performances abroad. More overuse injuries occurred in Segment-2, an international tour, attributed to raked stages. Lack of methods to quantify performance other than injury may mask effects of touring on dancer’s well-being. Tracking complaints permits understanding of stressors to specific body regions and healthcare utilisation; however, TLinj remain the most important injuries to track because they impact other dancers and organisational costs. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to analyse lower limb work patterns in world-class race walkers. Seventeen male and female athletes race walked at competitive pace. Ground reaction forces (1000 Hz) and high-speed videos (100 Hz) were recorded and normalised joint moments, work and power, stride length, stride frequency and speed estimated. The hip flexors and extensors were the main generators of energy (24.5 J (±6.9) and 40.3 J (±8.3), respectively), with the ankle plantarflexors (16.3 J (±4.3)) contributing to the energy generated during late stance. The knee generated little energy but performed considerable negative work during swing (?49.1 J (±8.7)); the energy absorbed by the knee extensors was associated with smaller changes in velocity during stance (r = .783, P < .001), as was the energy generated by the hip flexors (r = ?.689, P = .002). The knee flexors did most negative work (?38.6 J (±5.8)) and the frequent injuries to the hamstrings are probably due to this considerable negative work. Coaches should note the important contributions of the hip and ankle muscles to energy generation and the need to develop knee flexor strength in reducing the risk of injury. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to establish the influence of weather and pitch conditions on the frequency and nature of rugby injuries. Observers at 26 senior rugby clubs in the Borders District of the Scottish Rugby Union reported all injuries to 1169 (96%) registered players at Saturday home and away matches during the 1993-94 season (August 1993 to April 1994). Weather and pitch conditions at 112 grounds were recorded on 605 occasions; 1268 Borders teams played at these grounds,with 344 injury episodes being sustained. Matches were played in dry weather for three-quarters of these occasions. There was a moderate association between weather and the state of the pitch (Spearman's rank correlation, r = -0.46, P ? 0.001), with heavier pitches occurring in wetter weather. Logistic regression revealed that there were significant month-of-season (P = 0.003), wind strength (P = 0.008) and temperature (P = 0.011) effects on the risk of injury. On four of five occasions when matches were played in a downpour of rain, at least one injury episode occurred. Our results show that the month of the season and the weather may influence the occurrence of rugby injuries, but that the state of the pitch does not. Further studies are required to investigate these factors in more detail. 相似文献
18.
心理社会因素与运动损伤(综述) 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
心理社会因素与运动损伤这一研究课题正日益受到国外运动心理学家的重视。本文主要回顾以下三个方面的研究文献：（１）影响运动损伤发生的心理社会因素，（２）生活应激事件与运动损伤关系的调节变量，（３）运动损伤的心理恢复。 相似文献
19.
The aim of this study was to establish the influence of weather and pitch conditions on the frequency and nature of rugby injuries. Observers at 26 senior rugby clubs in the Borders District of the Scottish Rugby Union reported all injuries to 1169 (96%) registered players at Saturday home and away matches during the 1993-94 season (August 1993 to April 1994). Weather and pitch conditions at 112 grounds were recorded on 605 occasions; 1268 Borders teams played at these grounds, with 344 injury episodes being sustained. Matches were played in dry weather for three-quarters of these occasions. There was a moderate association between weather and the state of the pitch (Spearman's rank correlation, r = -0.46, P < 0.001), with heavier pitches occurring in wetter weather. Logistic regression revealed that there were significant month-of-season (P = 0.003), wind strength (P = 0.008) and temperature (P = 0.011) effects on the risk of injury. On four of five occasions when matches were played in a downpour of rain, at least one injury episode occurred. Our results show that the month of the season and the weather may influence the occurrence of rugby injuries, but that the state of the pitch does not. Further studies are required to investigate these factors in more detail. 相似文献
20.
文章对33名长拳运动员进行了运动损伤的调查分析。调查表明:长拳运动员具有发病率高、急性损伤多、四肢伤多、骨性伤多的特点。文章在调查的基础上,对损伤的性质、原因进行了分析,旨在探讨长拳运动员损伤发生的规律及防治对策。 相似文献