首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):147-151
Abstract

In conducting research on the physical propertIes and durabIlIty of coating materials used in the conservation of art objects, difficulty was encountered In efforts to make uniformly thick, coherent, free-standing films for testing purposes. An efficientrapid casting technique has been developed utilizing reusable molds. The technique is applicable to the preparation of films from a wide range of materials.  相似文献   

2.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):150-155
Abstract

The treatment of two silver bangles found at Rojdi and dated c. 2000 b.c. is described. The bangles were separated by removing the hard incrustations with a 20% sodium hexametaphosphate solution and 15% acetic acid. Silver chloride was removed with a 25% solution of 0.88 ammonia and a 20% aqueous solution of ammonium thiosulphate.

Silver sulphide was removed in a 20% formic acid bath. Polyvinyl acetate was used for consolidation, and a coating of polymethyl methacrylate was applied. The silver was found to contain copper and lead. The causes of embrittlement and the manufacturing technique are discussed.  相似文献   

3.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):82-83
Abstract

systematic study of the whole thickness of the ground was carried out on about 50 paintings. The originality of the work consisted in first revealing by back -scattered scanning electron microscopy where two types of coating had been used. The components of each layer were then analyzed by X-ray diffraction and found to be principally anhydrite for the gesso grosso and gypsum for the gesso sottile. According to these results, Tuscan painters used a double white ground until the end of the fifteenth century. The use of a single layer of gypsum was widespread in other Italian schools in the fifteenth century.  相似文献   

4.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):89-93
Abstract

Two projects undertaken as part of a Unesco project for the conservation of the cultural heritage of Ecuador are described. Wall paintings in the dome of the church of EI Sagrario in Quito had been damaged by watersoluble salts carried by penetrating rainwater. The dome was protected with a hydrophobic coating and allowed to dry out prior to treatment of the paintings. As part of a programme to train Ecuadorean specialists, paintings on the south wall of a cloister in the convent of San Diego were selected as a model of conservation work.  相似文献   

5.
none 《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):278-293
Abstract

Japanese sculptures are made of wood, dry lacquer, clay, gilt bronze and stone. Buddhistic statues, made of wood, are the most abundant. The painting techniques of the wooden sculptures, including ground coating, pigments, and application of Japanese lacquer, are described, and typical examples of Buddhistic statues are given. Specific case studies on a clay statue and a wooden sculpture are made.  相似文献   

6.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):293-300
Abstract

This paper is concerned with the rediscovery of a technique of interior wall decoration known as Escariola which was introduced by Austrian and Italian immigrants to the mid-west region of the state of Santa Catarina (southern Brazil) at beginning of the twentieth century. This coating provides a refined, attractive and durable finishing. Historical investigation combined with sample characterization using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses (DTA/TGA) revealed that this technique consists of the application on a rendered masonry wall of a 2–3 mm thick layer of slaked lime/white cement paste which is subsequently polished with talcum powder. Samples of Escariola paste were empirically reformulated and tested on a rendered masonry wall. Guidelines for producing Escariola are proposed here.  相似文献   

7.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):3-16
Abstract

Mirrors made of glass backed with a reflective coating of tin amalgam first came into general use in the sixteenth century. Production ceased around 1900. The mirrors were made by sliding glass over tin foil flooded with mercury. The mercury reacts with tin to form a layer of crystals containing about 19wt% of mercury alloyed with the tin. The voids between the crystals are filled with a fluid phase containing about 0.5% tin in mercury. This two-phase reflective coating changes with time: the crystals grow larger and cover a greater proportion of the glass surface, while mercury slowly evaporates. In time, tiny voids appear between glass and amalgam. The fluid phase also migrates to the bottom of the mirror. Corrosion of the amalgam produces tin dioxide and tin monoxide and releases liquid mercury from the solid phase. Amalgam mirrors contribute a few micrograms of mercury per cubic metre of air in a room. Measured values have all been far below the official toxic limit of 50μgm?3. The frames often contain drops of mercury and special precautions are necessary for safe transport, repair and disposal of the mirrors.  相似文献   

8.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):34-40
Abstract

In preparation for a major exhibition at the National Gallery of Scotland in 2005, a thorough technical examination of VISION OF THE SERMON by Paul Gauguin was undertaken for the first time since the painting's acquisition in 1925. An inter-disciplinary approach to the research was adopted in an attempt to assess how innovative were the materials and techniques employed by Gauguin in this iconic work. The importance of the unique customs and religious piety of Brittany in 1888 to the iconography of Vision is discussed, as well as the various ways in which the original appearance of the painting has altered over time. Changes have occurred through both the natural ageing of materials and as a result of human intervention, particularly an aqueous lining and reframing. Analysis suggests that the paint medium consists of several different drying oils, confounding years of speculation that it may contain wax. The discovery that the original surface coating contains beeswax and tallow has grave implications for the feasibility of future conservation treatments. Following Gauguin's accusation of plagiarism by Emile Bernard, a tentative comparison is made between Vision and the latter's Breton Women in the Meadow. This reveals that while compositional similarities exist, Vision is far more complex, both in conception and execution.  相似文献   

9.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):140-144
Abstract

This paper presents the program initiated to conserve the templete in the Mudéjar Cloister in the Royal Monastery of Our Lady of Guadalupe. The program included evaluation of the original materials, development of repair materials and design of a conservation program for the templete. The paper concentrates on the analysis and conservation of the stuccos of the templete, which is a typical mudéjar-style structure of molded brick with an exterior stucco finish. Samples of stucco from the templete were analyzed by microscopy, both reflected and transmitted light; acid digestion (gravim～tric analysis); water vapor transmission rate; and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Samples of pigments and salts were identified by microchemical methods. Data from these analyses were used to develop a replication stucco mix and a grout mix that would be physically and chemically compatible with the existing materials. The process of developing the mixes is described. Application of these materials to the conservation of the templete is outlined. The stucco mix was used for repairing the upper stage of the templete, which was largely devoid of its original stucco coating, and the grout was used to stabilize the stuccos of the base, which were largely intact but detached from the underlying brick.  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

Previously, heavy use of biocides for the treatment of objects made of organic materials in museum collections (e.g. ethnographic, historical collections) was very common. Now suitable decontamination methods/technologies are being sought. A decontamination treatment by li-CO2 was optimized that considered the specific requirements of museum objects. The treatment was tested on model materials artificially contaminated with biocide solutions containing dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), pentachlorophenol (PCP), lindane, and permethrin or cypermethrin. High decontamination was achieved for DDT, lindane, PCP, and permethrin on artificially biocide loaded wool and wood model materials. Optimal process parameter settings for li-CO2 decontamination include a single 30?min cycle for woolen materials and three sequential 30?min cycles each for wood. These methods allow a reduction of at least 90% of all biocides for wool and between 70% and 85% for wood. Decontamination of the latter was more effective for less polar biocides as DDT and permethrin. Despite a significant improvement in decontamination for wood using co-solvents such as acetone, ethanol, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), their use is not recommended due to the increased risk of damage to the objects, in particular if a surface coating is present.  相似文献   

11.
A new coating system for archeological bronze protection that consists of a primer coating and a top coating was prepared in this study. The primer coating was prepared by mixing water-based acrylic emulsion with 1,2,3-benzotriazole, and the ultraviolet (UV) light-resistant top coating was prepared by mixing water-based acrylic emulsion with nano-sized TiO2 and SiO2 particles. UV light resistance and visible light transmission, contact angle, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties of the new coating system were investigated and the results showed that UV resistance, hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, glossiness, and corrosion resistance all were improved. Application of the new system on real archaeological bronzes showed that the coating film was colorless, odorless, transparent, soft low-lustre, removable, and the original appearance of the archaeological bronze was well maintained.  相似文献   

12.
ABSTRACT

A decontamination treatment using liquid CO2 (li-CO2) and specifically developed for the requirements of museum objects (Lombardo, T., M. Wörle, V. Hubert, E. Hildbrand, I. Mayer, C. Hinterleitner, U. von Arx. 2020. “Influence of Process Parameters on Chlorinated Biocide Decontamination by li-CO2 on Artificially Contaminated Model Materials.” Studies in Conservation, in press, doi:10.1080/00393630.2019.1641001) was first tested on model materials of wood (with and without coating), silk, and wool with different dyes, paper, and leather in order to evaluate possible material changes. Then, selected museum objects from the collection of the Swiss National Museum were treated to determine the efficiency of biocide decontamination and any resulting chemical and/or structural changes. Results show that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), pentachlorophenol (PCP), lindane, and chlorpyrifos were successfully removed. Wool, silk, leather, and non-coated wood did not experience any detectable modifications, while moderate to major modifications were observed in wood coated with shellac and polychromy.  相似文献   

13.
Richard G. Lawson, Teleconferencing in Wisconsin (October 1971)

Delbert D. Smith, Legal Aspects of Teleconferencing (October 1971)

Katherine Shervis, Legal and Political Aspects of Satellite Telecommunication: An Annotated Bibliography (June 1971)

Multidisciplinary Studies of the Social, Economic and Political Impact Resulting From Recent Advances in Satellite Meteorology: Interim Report (two volumes, June 1971)

COMSAT Technical Review is a new journal to be published twice a year (the first issue was dated Fall 1971)

Report to the President and Congress is issued annually in the late Spring or early Summer. The past six reports (1965-70)

Annual Report is the financial report to Comsat stockholders, and copies for 1967-71 are now available

Pocket Guide to the Global Satellite System (January 1972)

Glossary of Terms and Definitions for International Satellite Television Services (September 1971)

U.S. Domestic Satellite Communications: A Summary of Comsat's Proposals (March 1971)

Intelsat Research and Development Program (March 1972)  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

Historical pedal harps from the early nineteenth century are highly adorned objects, decorated with various techniques such as polychromy, gilding, decoupage, and gilt composition ornaments. Even though a large number of such instruments are kept in private and public collections, until now their decorative features have not been examined systematically. Moreover, little has been written about the motives behind the choice of various decorative techniques by harp makers. This article presents results from the investigation of a double-action harp made in 1818 by Erard, the leading manufacturer of harps in Regency London, focusing on the technological aspects of its decorative features. Various analytical methods, such as visual examination, microscopy, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and Py-GC-MS, were used to identify the inorganic and organic components in the coating of the harp and to analyse its stratigraphy. Inspection with ultraviolet light revealed details of the original layers and of later additions, while radiography made the internal structure as well as damaged areas and repairs visible. The outcome of this object-based examination was complemented by archival research on the Erard firm, providing new insight into Erard’s production and marketing strategies.  相似文献   

15.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):241-249
Abstract

Many buildings of historical importance in Salamanca are of sandstone. Over time, this sandstone becomes covered with a coat of natural patina which makes the whole building appear golden in colour. Apart from this patina, another artificial reddish patina or paint can be observed on some of the buildings, mainly on the ornamentation of portals in the flamboyant Gothic and Plateresque styles. The samples in this study come from the Ramos Gate of the Catedral Nueva in Salamanca, Spain. The inorganic and organic compounds were analyzed using the following techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that the inorganic compounds are clays and iron oxides, while the organic materials are albumin, traces of collagen (serving as binding material) and small amounts of fat. For the sandstone, this coating proved to be an excellent protection against external weathering agents.  相似文献   

16.
Objective: This study was undertaken in order to determine how health sciences libraries in a ten-state region are using Loansome Doc, with an emphasis on whether this tool continues to be used to serve unaffiliated health professionals. Methods: Usage data were examined and health sciences libraries were administered a survey to determine how they are using this tool. Results: Loansome Doc usage across libraries is low and declining, and a number of libraries do not serve unaffiliated health professionals with this tool. Conclusions: Use of Loansome Doc is low and declining, in part, due to license restrictions, declining interlibrary loan, and the prevalence of alternatives, such as OCLC's ILLiad, for document delivery to affiliated users.  相似文献   

17.
Objective:The authors used an assessment rubric to measure medical students'' improvement in question formulation skills following a brief evidence-based practice (EBP) training session conducted by a health sciences librarian.Method:In a quasi-experimental designed study, students were assessed using a rubric on their pre-instructional skills in formulating answerable EBP questions, based on a clinical scenario. Following their training, they were assessed using the same scenario and rubric. Student pre- and post-test scores were compared using a paired t-test.Results:Students demonstrated statistically significant improvement in their question formulation skills on their post-instructional assessments. The average score for students on the pre-test was 45.5 (SD 11.1) and the average score on the post-test was 65.6 (SD 5.4) with an average increase of 20.1 points on the 70-point scale, p<0.001.Conclusion:The brief instructional session aided by the rubric improved students'' performance in question formulation skills.  相似文献   

18.

From the time phoneticians and linguists first became interested in tongue‐palate contacts in the study of the production of speech sounds, palatography, in one form or another, has been employed. From crude beginnings, wherein the palate or tongue was coated with various mixtures, usually quite unsavory, so that the tongue‐palate wipe‐off areas might be observed after the sound was articulated and the results recorded on stone, on plaster models, or outline drawings of the palate, through many versions of the pseudo‐palate, X‐ray photographs, planimeter measurements, the linking of kymography and palatography, to a simple recording device of mirrors and a reflex camera combined once more with the method of coating the palate itself, palatography has been employed from the late 1870's to the present day. It is likely that as long as linguists and phoneticians are interested in sounds and their production, palatography, in some form, will continue to be employed. Through its use it has been determined that identical sounds can be made by contacts over a large range on the palate, that the stutterer's speech has more variation than the speech of the non‐stutterer, that the same person frequently makes the same sound in various ways, that the size and depth of the palate alter the articulation of sounds, that there is greater accord between the consonant and the following vowel than between the consonant and the preceding vowel, and that palatograms change with the rate of articulation.

The discoveries that may yet be made give this particular phase of phonetics an intriguing future.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

Purpose: The present study aims to determine and compare the views of directors and users of public libraries on the use of social media for the marketing of library services.

Methodology: Data collection was done through two researcher-made questionnaires, one from the viewpoints of directors and one investigating the views of users. The questionnaires’ validity was done by four libraries and Information Science professionals, and the reliability was determined by the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The statistical population of this research is made up of all directors and users of 12 public libraries of the city of Isfahan, one of the largest cities in Iran.

Findings: In users’ viewpoints, the “interaction capability” is the most important feature that social media marketing can have in libraries. From the viewpoints of the directors, “creating a true picture of the role of the library” and “informing users about library services” are among the most important reasons for the marketing of libraries in the social media. From the perspective of both groups, the Telegram is the most appropriate medium for the marketing of library services.

Results: To maintain their customers and their market position, libraries need to use more exciting tools such as social media for marketing. Library directors of this study emphasized on this fact and 79.1% of users expressed interest in receiving library information through social media.

Value: The findings of this study would help the library directors to better decide on the marketing of their library services in social media.

Type of the study: Scientific-Research  相似文献   

20.
  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号