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1.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):54-55
Abstract

Before commencing the conservation treatment of a fifteenth-century coffered ceiling in the convent of Santa Fe, Toledo, the painting materials were analyzed. Elemental analysis of the pigments was carried out by XRF spectrometry. Cross-sections were made of the samples for optical microscopy. The binding media and the varnish were identified by gas chromatography, by analyzing the fatty acids, terpenes and amino acids. Once the painting had been studied, consolidation treatment was applied using different materials according to the solubility of the paint layers. Animal glue was mainly used, and Paraloid B-72 to a lesser extent, as a preliminary to the structural reinforcement of the support.  相似文献   

2.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):112-115
Abstract

The preservation of the vast cultural heritage of tiles in Portugal requires the development of a systematic scientific and technological approach. In this communication the case of the treatment of a panel of ancient tIles is described. The main problem was the cleaning and consolidation of the piece, followed by restoration for exhibition. The treatment was preceded by a study of the materials, consisting of analyses of the ceramic body and the glazed surface. The removal of aged waxes and resins was achieved using appropriate solvents and the consolidation of the ceramic body was carried out by an inorganic treatment. For the reconstruction of missing parts and the mounting of the panel materials were chosen which would avoid interaction with the original material.  相似文献   

3.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):89-93
Abstract

Two projects undertaken as part of a Unesco project for the conservation of the cultural heritage of Ecuador are described. Wall paintings in the dome of the church of EI Sagrario in Quito had been damaged by watersoluble salts carried by penetrating rainwater. The dome was protected with a hydrophobic coating and allowed to dry out prior to treatment of the paintings. As part of a programme to train Ecuadorean specialists, paintings on the south wall of a cloister in the convent of San Diego were selected as a model of conservation work.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT

This article presents a novel typology for analysing the routinisation of news and daily newsroom practices. Drawing inspiration from the work of Sigal, Tuchman and others, the framework—comprising eight categories—provides a reconceptualisation of routine and non-routine channels of news production to facilitate an exploration of source material, focusing on initial story triggers. One contribution which is particularly useful relates to the subcategorisation of the traditionally singular “routine” channel; although the broad concept of routine source material is familiar, it has generally not been systematically deconstructed in previous analyses. Considering different types of routine news allows for a deeper understanding of how these channels are integrated into contemporary daily news production and the role of internal newsroom and external actor dynamics. This is particularly relevant in an era in which there is a high usage of information subsidies, passive news reporting, cannibalised content, and desk-bound work. As such, the application of this model provides insights into the dominance and subordinate use of various channels in contemporary newsrooms. The discussion also illustrates how such a typology can aid empirical research with reference to the content analysis study from which this framework was developed.  相似文献   

5.

The “prestige factor” has been known to social scientists for many‐years. It shows up in the “over‐reporting” that occurs whenever people are asked, to tell an interviewer their income, or the amount of schooling they have had—or the amount of viewing of an educational television station they do. The management of ETV stations is well aware that their audience often isn't as large as reported, and that the same “prestige factor” prevents them from receiving sufficient data from their audience as to the reason why they do or do not view ETV. In the present study, an experimental approach was made. Three different kinds of appeal were used in a promotional campaign designed to cause people to watch an ETV station more often. The results, of each appeal were compared to a group of ETV viewers and non‐viewers who were not exposed to the promotional material.

These data were derived from the Oregon Educational Television Project, which was financed in part by a grant from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. John Shepherd received his Ph.D. from the University of Southern California, and is presently Associate Professor of Speech and Director of the Division of Broadcast Services and Televised Instruction at the University of Oregon.  相似文献   

6.
Musical Instruments of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia (New York: Bantam Books, 1978—$9.95, paper)

Warren Craig's Sweet and Lowdown: America's Popular Song Writers (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1978—$25.00)

Norm N. Nite's Rock On: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rock 'n Roll– The Modern Years, 1964-Present (New York: Crowell, 1978—$14.95)

Jerry Osborne and Bruce Hamilton's Popular and Rock Records 1948-1978 (Phoenix, Arix.: O'Sullivan Woodside & Co., 1978—$7.95, paper)

Kenny Rogers and Len Epand's Making it with Music: Kenny Rogers' Guide to the Music Business (New York: Harper & Row, 1978—$12.95)

Anthony Fawcett's California Rock/California Sound: The Music of Los Angeles and Southern California (Los Angeles: Reed Books, 1978—$19.95/9.95)

Rock Critics' Choice: The Top 200 Albums (New York: Quick Fox, 1978—$4.95, paper)

Alan Kinzler's Bob Dylan: The Illustrated Record (New York: Harmony Books/Crown, 1978—$15.00/8.95)

John Blair's The Illustrated Discography of Surf Music 1959-1965 (J. Bee Productions, P.O. Box 1584, Riverside, Calif. 92502—$4.00, paper)

Alan Lomax's Folk Song Style and Culture (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books (Rutgers), 1978—$6.95, paper)

Nat Hentoff's The Jazz Life (New York: DaCapo, 1978—$5.95, paper)

George Hoefer, Music on My Mind: The Memoirs of an American Pianist (New York: DaCapo, 1978—$6.95, paper)

Valerie Wilmer's As Serious as Your Life: The Story of the New Jazz (London: Allison & Busby, 1977—E6.50 or about $13.00)  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

During recent conservation work carried out on the Etruscan mural paintings in the Tomba degli Scudi, (Tarquinia, 4th C. BCE), the study of the execution techniques led to an amazing discovery: human figures were composed using templates of single body parts. In the Tomba degli Scudi, the perfect overlap of limbs, chests, and heads was confirmed after processing rectified photogrammetric images of the wall paintings with photo editing software. The study also highlighted that such templates were probably made of rigid material and each one had three different sizes, in order to represent the hierarchical organization of the painted characters. In the past, scholars have demonstrated that templates were used to realize a number of Etruscan wall paintings. However, they had reported that only whole figures were reproduced. The notion that such templates consisted of single anatomical parts purposely created to portray figures in different poses never occurs in their studies. In fact, the use of modular templates, also called patroni and antibola, is acknowledged only from the Middle Ages onwards both in western and eastern art. Earlier evidence had never been found. This article aims to predate the use of modular shapes by about ten centuries, thus changing our knowledge of technologies whose tradition spans from the Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Consequently, a new approach to the study of transfer techniques of preparatory drawings in Etruscan wall paintings is established. Furthermore, this article shows that, as in the Middle Ages, the size of such templates was scaled up or down to create hierarchies among the painted characters.  相似文献   

8.
none 《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):77-86
Abstract

Parchment is produced by processing the dermal layer of animal hide through limited mechanical and chemical treatment and then drying it under tension. The weak condition of many historical objects made of this material is caused by chemical, biological and mechanical degradation. Repairing these objects by filling gaps with parchment or paper patches may be inadvisable, due to important differences in intrinsic strength, which can create tensions between old and new materials. Alternative filling methods may be used, consisting of the application of solid materials in the form of a powder or a suspension, used to create a solid sheet of reconstituted parchment. The solids may consist of any kind of collagenous material (powdered parchment or hide, gelatin), paper or a combination of the two. Published methods describe preliminary treatments (e.g.relaxation), application media (water, solvents, additives), use of additional consolidating membranes (Japanese paper, goldbeater's skin), use of adhesives for pasting and surface consolidation purposes, preparation of mechanically isotropic templates for infills and tinting with synthetic dyes. A comparative investigation of methods confirms that the mechanical properties achieved in these infills, such as tensile strength and elasticity, as well as their reproducibility, are acceptable for application in conservation practice.  相似文献   

9.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):215-223
Abstract

Two iron swords from Luristan were examined by X-rays and using metallographic sections. The first sword was shown to have a hilt made of five pieces of metal joined by four rivets, while the pommel was secured by a dowel on the end of the tang. Hilt and blade were sectioned for metallographic study. This showed that while the core of each part was pearlite, decarburization had taken place at the surfaces to give ferritic structures. The second sword was shown to have been made of seven pieces. The pommel was secured as in the first sword, but all other pieces were joined by fitting into prepared slots, the edges of which were burred. A section was cut from the hilt at a point where a decorative band had been applied. This showed large-grained ferrite at the surface and fine-grained ferrite with cementite at the boundaries in the core. It is argued that work previously carried out by other metallographers was inconsistent due to inadequate sampling, and that swords of this type were essentially of wrought iron, the presence of pearlite being accidental rather than intentional.  相似文献   

10.
The Graphic Arts     
Max Gallo's The Poster in History (New York: American Heritage/McGraw- Hill, 1974—$22.95)

Erich Salomon's Portrait of an Age ((New York: Collier Books/Macmillan, 1974—$7.50, paper)

M. Thomas Inge's “American Comic Art: A Bibliographic Guide,” Choice XI:1581-1593

Stan Lee's Origins of Marvel Comics (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1974—$5.95, paper)

John Hedgecoe and Michael Langford's Photography: Materials and Methods published by Oxford University Press. Apparently Focal Press picked it up in London, and now a new smaller format but hardcover edition is just out from Hastings House (N.Y.) for $12.95  相似文献   

11.

For the past three or jour years, the Department of Telecommunications at the University of Kentucky has been constructing an undergraduate curriculum unlike most others in the country. A key concept in that development has been a seemingly simple definition of terms—what it is the department should be concerned with—and from that, how best to approach the teaching function. That the starting point of defining terms is not so simple is shown here by Dr. James E. Fletcher, assistant professor of telecommunications at Kentucky. Fletcher earned his Ph.D. at the University of Utah in 1910, taught there for a year, and then joined the faculty at Kentucky where he has since been active in the process he discusses.  相似文献   

12.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):170-178
Abstract

By studying the mechanism of sulphation of silver-gilt objects in relation to the method used for gilding, its thickness and its appearance, it has been possible to develop a procedure for electrolytic treatment. The two-step treatment is carried out in a buffered solution of sodium nitrate and comprises cathodic reduction of the silver-based corrosion products followed by anodic dissolution of the reduced silver. The behaviour of the different materials is described, as well as certain limiting factors.  相似文献   

13.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):62-67
Abstract

Juan and Jerónimo del Corral, the former an architect and the latter a sculptor, developed their artistic activities in Castile during the second third of the sixteenth century. The originality of their work lies not only in their technique but also in their iconography: they combine the Spanish tradition of plaster work with the influence of the Italian Renaissance. This paper is a documentary and stylistic study of their work and discusses the problems of technique and conservation of the cupolas and walls of polychromed and gilded plaster relief. Due to its characteristics and its sensitivity to moisture, gypsum is a material which poses specific problems of behaviour and treatment. The various deteriorations it undergoes are shown as well as their causes and possible treatment. Scientific examination has been mainly directed towards the investigation of the support by IR and EDX spectrometry, the analysis of the polychromy by microscopy and the identification of the media by gas chromatography. The results show that the Corral brothers used a homogeneous technique for the plaster support, following the Hispano-Moresque tradition, whereas the polychromy shows various influences. As regards biological deterioration, two different groups of microorganisms were surveyed: bacteria and fungi. The results obtained in areas with and without polychromy and with various levels of moisture have been compared by different sampling techniques. Nitrifying and sulphate-reducing bacteria have been identified, which are responsible for the deterioration of stone monuments.  相似文献   

14.

One of the most outstanding examples of support for worth‐while cultural events by a commercial broadcasting network is the NBC Opera Theater, which was supported largely by NBC for fifteen years. Many people can take opera or leave it alone, and many others set out to avoid it. On the other hand, those who love opera love it with a passion rarely seen in non‐teenagers. However, it was not only for the fans that the NBC Opera Theater was founded, for there is little doubt that there were more opera lovers in the nation in the middle 1960's than there were in the late 1940's—and much of the credit for such an increase must go to this one institution.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

This column describes “surfacing”—a technique commonly used in political campaigns to raise awareness about a candidate or cause long before election day—and explores ways in which it applies to campaigns for library funding or initiatives. Surfacing is most effective during the earliest phase of a campaign to ensure that a candidate or cause is viable and has the resources needed to move the political agenda forward. EveryLibrary, a national organization dedicated to building voter support for libraries, has used the surfacing approach successfully, helping public libraries across the U.S. gather the resources they need to win or successfully move an initiative forward.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) has been the standard, eight-digit code used to identify newspapers, journals, magazines, and periodicals on all kinds of media—print and electronic—for the past 40 years. Periodically, the standard must be revised to allow it to accommodate new formats, changes in the publishing industry and information supply chain, and other developments in the information field. Regina Romano Reynolds, director of the U.S. ISSN Center at the Library of Congress, describes the issues that the ISSN International Centre perceives as necessitating a revision of the standard and the likely next steps in the International Organization for Standardization standards revision process.  相似文献   

17.
《图书馆管理杂志》2012,52(3-4):244-264
ABSTRACT

The effect of digital technology on special collections has been profound and ongoing. The purpose of this article is to explore the effect born digital materials, digitization, and intellectual property have had on special collections in the 21st century. In particular this study will focus on how archival materials have been significantly transformed by interacting with digital technology—providing both challenges in management and opportunities for new online environments to expose this content worldwide. Finally, a research experiment underway at the University of Virginia Library offers a framework that may help highlight some strategies for exploiting new opportunities going forward.  相似文献   

18.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):316-326
Abstract

A survey is given of polychromed sculpture in Sweden. Historical aspects of the care of sculptures are discussed. Many retables have been imported from Lübeck and Antwerp. Polychromed sculptures are often well preserved because there was hardly any iconoclasm in Sweden. Many need treatment however due to various forms of neglect. A special case—the triptych of Kärrbo (c. 1500)—is described in detail from a technical point of view.  相似文献   

19.
The Final Word     
  相似文献   

20.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):259-263

Viewing pro‐war rhetorical discourse directed to the general public as a genre, the author suggests that three basic appeals— those to territoriality, ethnocentrism and optimism—pervade the genre, though the appeals are developed differently under various historical circumstances. He further suggests that stated war aims, though usually expressed ambiguously, tend to change as a war progresses. These points are amplified by a close examination of New England rhetoric during the last French war and a general consideration of some other war rhetoric.  相似文献   

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