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1.
谢赛 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014,(Z2):30-33
美国教师教育课程经历了从知识取向、能力取向、标准取向向儿童学习结果取向的转型。前三种价值取向是以未来教师为中心,强调其基本教学知识与技能的掌握;后一种取向是以儿童的学习与发展为中心,用儿童学习结果来评价教师教育课程及未来教师的有效性,以确保教师教育的质量。这一转型对我国教师教育发展具有重要借鉴价值。 相似文献
2.
20世纪80年代以来,美国学校教育变革经历了从强调标准、关注表现,到以考试为中心的问责走向。问责制下的美国学校教育政策不断受到来自各个层面的质询,学生素质与学业成绩两者的相关性不断受到质疑;实践中教学被置于育人与追求成绩的两难境地;变革取向似乎又走向狭窄的技术主义倾向。目前美国问责制呈现出新的发展趋势:重构利益相关者间的责权关系;从学校、学生和教师三个层面进行多维度动态评价;淡化问责的惩罚目的,强调责任分担促进教学提升。 相似文献
3.
美国儿童博物馆教育是儿童教育的第二课堂,是美国幼儿园教育的重要补充.美国儿童博物馆在发展中经历了学校教育的藏品中心、独立的非正式教育机构、社区教育服务中心、公众教育服务中心四种教育角色的演变,其变化表现为:观众由“小大人”式儿童到儿童共同体,资源由单一化到多元化,展览方式由灌输式到自由探索式.美国儿童博物馆的教育角色演变历程对我国幼儿园园本课程建设的启示为:以儿童共同体作为服务对象,活动开发方式以留白式游戏为主,建立以儿童为中心的多元共享资源网,建立以幼儿为中心、教师、家长和社区四位一体的课程研发团队. 相似文献
4.
在儿童教育中,教育爱就是教师施予儿童之爱,包括本体论、情感和活动三方面的内涵。从本体论角度看,教育爱是一种驱使教师与儿童融合的本体性亲和力量,这揭示了教育爱的普遍性和迫切需要性;从情感方面看,教育爱是教师对儿童的一种纯真的情感,主要表现为教师对儿童的喜爱、热爱等,这也是许多人所理解的教育爱的内涵;从活动方面看,教育爱是一种活动,一种促进儿童成长、增进其幸福的主动活动,它包括三层涵义,即教育爱是主动的,教育爱是一种活动,教育爱是一种教师帮助儿童真正成为他自己的主动活动。教育爱的本质就是教师帮助儿童真正成为他自己… 相似文献
5.
面对全球化、知识经济、移民问题等的挑战,美国力图通过改革来解决公立中小学教育的质量问题以提高未来劳动力素质和全球竞争力。改革的主导观念与制度涵盖教育质量、教育标准、问责制、择校制、入学能力、支付能力等方面。奥巴马政府主导下的美国教育改革呈现五大趋势:从强调公平转变到更加强调质量;从强调改革转变到改革与投入并重;从鼓励各州发挥灵活性转变到更加注重发挥联邦政府的协调作用;从把教师作为改革对象转变到作为改革同盟军;从注重标准测验结果转变到更加注重教师、课程、教学,注重改革测验方式,努力改善教学效果。 相似文献
6.
儿童教育中,教育爱是指教师施予儿童之爱,包括本体论、情感和活动三方面的內涵?颖咎迓劢嵌瓤?教育爱是一种驱使教师与儿童融合的本体性亲和力量,这揭示了教育爱的普遍性和迫切需要性;从情感方面看,教育爱是一种教师对儿童纯真的情感,主要表现为教师对儿童的热爱、喜爱等,这也是许多人所理解的教育爱的内涵;从活动方面看,教育爱是一种活动,一 相似文献
7.
教育活动中的师幼对话--高质量的师幼互动 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应该说,教师与儿童的平等关系及其表现,是对话教育最直接、最显著的特征之一。在幼儿园的一日生活中,教师与儿童的关系如何,教师是否具有对话意识和对话精神,是否与儿童保持一种对话的关系状态,都可以在教师与儿童的共同活动中、在教师对儿童的态度中表现出来,在教师对儿童的有意和无意的行为中表现出来。我们不得不承认,在儿童面前,教师永远都处于一种优势地位,儿童处于弱势地位。从对话的角度看,这往往会形成不利于对话的局面。“教师与儿童之间是对话关系”这一命题,为我们描绘了教师与儿童之间在各种活动中相互作用、相互依托、平等交往… 相似文献
8.
美国国家教育统计中心预测,到本世纪90年代初,中小学将短缺78,000名教师;而罗·哈里斯民意测验更表明,到1990年,全美国短缺教师数是一百万。不管这二个预言孰是孰非,有一点是肯定的:美国中小学教师将出现奇缺。产生这种不平衡的原因有二:其一,社会对教师的需求量在增加,这主要表现在如下三方面:首先,当前美国许多地方出生率在增长,从而加重了教育的负担;其次,成人教育发展快,成人希望进行继续教育的愿望很迫切;第三,大量的移民涌入美国,带来了其子女受教育的问题。第二个原因是, 相似文献
9.
肖维 《湖南教育学院学报》2014,(1):89-93
“学生”是“儿童”众多社会角色的一种,“学生文化”不同于“儿童文化”。我们在学校中见到的“学生”往往是“单向度”的儿童,是“教育对象”或者“教育主体”,而不是真正意义上的“儿童”。目前我国的教师教育对“学生”认识不足,更缺少对完整的教育对象“儿童”的认识。将儿童科学引入教师教育课程是向“儿童发展本位”的教育原点的回归,也是我国未来教师教育课程建设的发展趋势。美国的教师教育课程将儿童科学贯穿到教师教育专业教学的每一个环节,作为典型的“儿童中心”的教师教育课程值得我们借鉴和学习。 相似文献
10.
幼儿教师儿童学习观的质性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
教师的儿童学习观是教师教育观念系统中的核心内容,本研究运用质性分析的方法,发现教师的儿童学习观主要表现为三个方面:对儿童学习的基本认识、儿童知识的形成以及儿童学习的过程。教师的儿童学习观表现为两种类型,具有朴素性、层次性和内隐性特征。 相似文献
11.
This paper analyses accountability and partnership in Initial Teacher Education for the primary school sector in Northern Ireland. In considering teacher education, the paper focuses on three higher education institutions: Stranmillis University College, St Mary's University College and the University of Ulster. Of the three institutions, the Roman Catholic Church maintains St Mary's University College while the other institutions have no religious affiliations. The paper focuses on the reform of teacher education within the British Isles and sets Northern Ireland into a context of a system of teacher education which has developed new patterns of accountability. Three sources of evidence are used to analyse accountability; firstly the perception of schools that are partners in Initial Teacher Education; secondly, the views of the Education and Training Inspectorate who are responsible for accrediting teacher education in Northern Ireland; and thirdly, the views of the three university schools of education. The paper will demonstrate how teacher education in Northern Ireland is simultaneously similar to, and different from, teacher education in the rest of the developed world. It will illuminate the dimensions of accountability in the primary school sector and show how in Northern Ireland this is heavily segregated by religious denomination. 相似文献
12.
Marilyn Cochran-Smith Megina Baker Stephani Burton Wen-Chia Chang Molly Cummings Carney M. Beatriz Fernández 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2017,40(5):572-588
AbstractIn keeping with the theme of the 40th anniversary issue of EJTE, this article looks back and forward at US teacher education accountability. It argues that “holding teacher education accountable” has been the major approach to reforming teacher education in the US for the last two decades, assuming that enhanced teacher education quality depends on vigilant public evaluation and monitoring of outcomes related to teacher education institutions, programs, and teacher candidates. This article looks back at the “era of accountability” by examining five policy, political, and professional developments that contributed to its emergence and strong hold on US teacher education. Looking forward to the future of teacher education accountability in the US, the article argues that we need a new approach – democratic accountability in teacher education – which is based on intelligent professional responsibility for students’ learning including democratic knowledge and skills, strong equity, and genuine collaboration with multiple stakeholders. 相似文献
13.
Kim B. Wright 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2019,92(1-2):1-8
STEM teaching occurs within national and state policy contexts that are constantly shifting in terms of standards and accountability due to the current and intense focus on students’ STEM outcomes. In the last two decades, federal legislation as well as common standards movements increasingly influence what and how STEM teachers instruct their students. Improvement science in education (ISE) has recently emerged as a new method of addressing many of the issues that impact teacher teaching and STEM teacher quality. ISE is a context-focused process improvement approach targeted at school improvement. This article explores three main barriers between STEM teacher professional development and student learning, and focuses on ISE as a promising alternative to current forms of STEM teacher professional development. 相似文献
14.
This paper examines the emergence of new accountabilities in teaching and teacher education in Ireland in the 15 years period 1997–2012. Framing accountability in terms of the three main approaches to it globally in education systems, that is, compliance with regulations, adherence to professional norms and attainment of results/outcomes, we identify significant changes, particularly, in compliance- and results-driven accountability. A ‘rising tide’ of accountability, due to the interrelated influences of the European higher education space, education legislation and professional self-regulation policies (i.e. Teaching Council), is evident since the late 1990s. This was punctuated by a ‘perfect storm’ in 2010 comprising ‘bad news’ from PISA 2009, the economic bailout and strategic leadership at a system level. The cumulative impact of the ‘rising tide’ and ‘perfect storm’ is evident in how they reframed both ‘to whom’ and ‘for what’ accountability in teacher education relates. Significantly, the new accountabilities in teaching and teacher education reflect a move towards the dominant global education reform movement (Sahlberg 2007) with its emphasis on standardisation, narrow focus on literacy and numeracy and higher stakes accountability. 相似文献
15.
AbstractOne of the most controversial and significant of contemporary education reforms has been the teacher accountability movement. From this perspective, low-quality teachers and teaching are a major factor behind inadequate school performance, and a lack of accountability and control in schools is a major factor behind the problem of low-quality teachers and teaching. In turn, to advocates of this reform movement, the solution is to centralize control of schools and hold teachers more accountable. Utilizing a sociology of organizations, occupations and work perspective, the objective of this article was to offer a critique of the teacher accountability perspective and movement. This article draws from, and summarizes, the results of a series of empirical research projects on the levels, distribution and effects of accountability and control in American schools. The argument of the article is that the teacher accountability perspective overlooks some of the most important sources and forms of organizational accountability and control that exist in schools and overlooks the ways schools themselves, and in particular the ways they are managed and organized, contribute to the teacher quality problem. As a result, teacher accountability reforms often do not succeed and can have a negative impact on teacher quality and school performance. 相似文献
16.
何德文 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2012,(3):119-121
现代社会对人才的特殊要求决定了研究生德育工作创新的紧迫性。此研究分析了新时期下导师负责制研究生德育的特点和目前我国研究生德育工作存在的问题,比较了国内现有研究生德育工作的3种模式,提出面对知识创新的导师负责与学校(院)德育专职小组相结合的德育工作创新模式。 相似文献
17.
This article addresses constructions and redefinitions of teacher professionalism by focusing on the discursive negotiations between the government and the teachers’ union in Norway. Based on an examination of three white papers on teacher education from the past 15?years and policy documents put forth by the Union of Education Norway during the past decade, the authors argue that new constructions of teacher professionalism are produced both by the government and from within the teachers’ union. However, there are differences between the government and the teachers’ union concerning what the main aspects of teacher professionalism are. The government emphasises teacher accountability, research-based practice and specialisation. By contrast, the teachers’ union highlights research-informed practice, responsibility for educational quality and professional ethics. There are three main areas of discursive struggle focused by the teachers’ union: the resistance to accountability policies, the redefining of research-based practice and the lengthening of teacher education. The authors argue that the teachers’ union is adopting an increasingly more active approach, thereby also challenging the idea that the teachers’ union is less interested in developing and taking responsibility for the quality of school education. 相似文献
18.
世纪之交以来,美国教师培养面临内部质量提升和外部质量问责的双重压力.在此背景下,伴随数据系统和分析方法的发展以及教师增值评价的推广,教师培养项目的增值评价应运而生.教师培养项目增值评价基于教师培养项目→教师教学质量→学生学业成绩的因果逻辑,通过统计计量模型来评估教师培养项目对学生成绩的贡献度.其中项目效能的证据选择、效能测量以及效能增值结果的意义阐释构成教师培养项目增值评价的关键内容.教师培养项目增值评价虽然在一定程度上响应了公众对于强化教师教育绩效责任的呼声,但依然存在着信效度和适用范围等问题. 相似文献
19.
Kara Mitchell Viesca Emilie Mitescu Reagan Sarah Enterline Ann Marie Gleeson 《The Teacher Educator》2013,48(4):257-275
Our intention in this article is to present one institution's efforts to take on program assessment and respond to calls for accountability. To do so, the teacher education program simultaneously sought to address the narrowly defined measures called for by policy makers and politicians, while at the same time broadening and expanding outcomes (such as student learning) and the missions, themes, and values of the teacher education program. The following describes the accountability movement in teacher education and then offers the lessons learned within one program developing a system of assessment within teacher education. 相似文献
20.
Sølvi Mausethagen 《Journal of Educational Change》2013,14(4):423-444
This article discusses how teachers construct new representations about accountability and professionalism in the context of increased external control. Over the last decade in particular, concerns about the quality of schooling and the quality of teachers has been raised by both politicians and the public alike, while prominent policy responses have seen an increased emphasis on student performance and the external control of professional work. Based on a 1 year long fieldwork in a Norwegian municipality, the findings imply how forms of external accountability are accepted by many teachers as a necessary and desirable development, but also one that is resisted as the policies are seen to downplay the broader aims of education. In this tension of external and internal accountability, however, alternative discourses have developed. In particular, an emphasis on scientific knowledge and research-informed practice becomes an important representation for enhancing professional legitimacy and trust. By opening up the concept of accountability, it is possible to investigate how teachers’ representations of being accountable may take new forms when teacher professionalism is reconstructed in policy. 相似文献