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文章实验采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定广西南宁、北海、桂林、柳州、百色不同地区木薯产地土壤中重金属元素Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cr、Cu的含量;通过优化消解条件和ICP-MS仪器的分析参数,从而达到有效的检测结果,各元素检出限(ng/ml)分别为:Pb(0.47),Cd(0.083),As(0.13),Hg(0.22),Cr(0.34),Cu(0.22),方法精密度:3.24%~7.24%,加标回收率:95.3%~106.8%;实验方法适用于土壤中Pb、Cd、AS、Hg、Cr、Cu重金属元素含量的检测,为科学的种植提供有效的实验依据。 相似文献
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基于农用地分等和地球化学调查的开封市大蒜适宜性评价及种植区划 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究以开封市特色农作物大蒜为研究对象,结合地球化学调查和农用地自然质量分等成果,根据研究区优质大蒜生长所需的土壤元素及其含量值,选取了污染元素As(砷)、Pb(铅)、Cd(镉)、Hg(汞)和Cr(铬)作为有害污染元素,全量B(硼)、S(硫)、Se(硒)、Zn(锌)和Cu(铜)作为有益元素,构建评价模型,利用Arc GIS空间分析,对区域特色农作物大蒜进行适宜性评价以及种植区划。研究区域只有Pb、Cd的污染指数有小范围大于1,土壤综合污染指数评价结果显示:199.07%的土壤处于安全无污染级别,0.93%的土壤存在污染,主要分布在市区及周边;2有益元素单项富集指数中S元素比较丰富,其他元素处于适中偏缺乏状态;有益元素区域综合富集指数评价结果显示,开封市47.94%的土壤有益元素处于丰富状态,37.89%的土壤处于适中状态,14.17%的处于缺乏状态。结合农用地分等结果,确定开封市大蒜种植适宜性分为:最佳适宜种植区、一般适宜种植区、勉强适宜种植区、不适宜种植区4个级别,其中最佳适宜种植区耕地面积为14.66万hm2,占开封市耕地总面积的33.99%;一般适宜种植区耕地面积为16.15万hm2,占开封市耕地总面积的37.44%;勉强适宜种植区耕地面积为5.75万hm2,占开封市耕地总面积的13.33%;不适宜种植区耕地面积为6.67万hm2,占开封市耕地总面积的15.24%。最后根据研究结果对开封市大蒜种植现状范围进行了区划调整。 相似文献
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土壤类型对三江平原土地利用/覆被变化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作为我国重要的粮食生产基地和淡水湿地集中分布区,三江平原对于保障国家粮食安全和区域生态安全具有举足轻重的地位。由于人类活动的剧烈影响,过去50年期间,三江平原土地利用/覆被发生了显著变化。本文在分析1954年～2005年三江平原土地利用/覆被变化过程的基础上,深入探索了土壤类型对土地利用/覆被变化过程的影响。结果表明,过去50余年中,三江平原土地利用/覆被变化剧烈,其中耕地增加了2.25倍,增加面积为385.55×104hm2。与耕地面积相对应的是湿地、林地和草地的大幅度减少,减少面积分别为256.72×104hm2、66.92×104hm2和57.65×104hm2。草甸土、白浆土、沼泽土、暗棕壤和黑土为土地利用变化最为剧烈的几种土壤类型,农业开垦活动和耕地面积的增加是研究区土地利用变化的主要特征和主导因素,湿地、林地和草地减少区域的土壤类型与耕地增加区域的主要土壤类型一致。三江平原耕地开垦对土壤类型的选择顺序为：草甸土、白浆土→沼泽土→暗棕壤。这一现象表明耕地开垦首先从自然条件相对优良的土壤资源草甸土、白浆土进行开发;随着草甸土和白浆土面积的迅速减少,沼泽土于1986年～1995年和1995年～2000年期间成为耕地开发最多的土壤类型;随着以上3种土壤类型中可开垦的土地资源减少,暗棕壤于2000年～2005年期间成为耕地开发最多的土壤类型。 相似文献
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《科技通报》2016,(5)
以交通繁忙区(污染点)和相对清洁区(对照点)道路两侧的香樟(Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl.)为研究对象,测定了不同器官(包括主干、老树皮、2年生枝条、1年生枝条、叶片和果实)中重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、As、Ni)的含量,并对污染点香樟各器官中6种重金属元素的累积量和污染指数及二者的分布比例进行分析。研究结果表明:香樟体内重金属元素的含量因样点、器官及重金属元素的不同而呈现不同的变化规律,污染点6种重金属元素的累积量及其分布比例、污染指数及其分布比例则因器官和元素的不同而有明显差异。总体上看,污染点各器官的Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、As和Ni含量均高于对照点,且差异显著(P0.05);6种重金属元素相比较,均以Zn含量最高,Cu含量次之,而Pb、As、Ni含量较低;在不同器官中同一重金属元素的含量也有明显差异,其中,2年生枝条中的Pb、Cu和As含量最高,老树皮中Cd和Ni含量最高,一年生枝条中的Zn含量最高。各重金属元素的累积量及其分布比例均以叶片最高,其次为老树皮;而各重金属元素的污染指数及其分布比例:Pb和Zn以叶片最高,老树皮次之;其他4种重金属元素以老树皮为最,叶片次之。研究结果显示:香樟各器官对空气中的重金属元素均有一定的吸附能力,并且叶片和老树皮的吸附能力明显优于其他器官,能很好地指示空气中的重金属污染。 相似文献
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土壤、地形等因素对农田的分布有着重要影响。本文基于三江平原1954年～2005年5个时期土地利用数据、土壤数据和DEM,通过使用Rough集理论进行重要性测度计算,发现三江平原农田化过程中,土壤类型的影响要大于地形因子的影响;地形特征中,坡度对农田化过程的影响程度较大,高程与起伏度的影响相当。从土壤类型影响农田化过程的空间分布特征来看,在三江平原农田大幅度扩张期间,农田开发总体呈现出逐渐由松花江上游地区向下游地区过渡的趋势,土壤类型的开发也由分布于地势较高地区的草甸土向地势低洼地区的白浆土、沼泽土变化。从时间变化来看,随着三江平原不断地进行拓荒开发,草地、林地与沼泽湿地被大面积地开发为农田,使得相应的草甸土、暗棕壤、白浆土和沼泽土的农田开发比重越来越大,并且随着上世纪80年代三江平原地区水稻种植面积的增加,白浆土和沼泽土的农田面积比例进一步增大,2000年以后土地垦荒状况基本趋于稳定。 相似文献
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杭州市居民区土壤重金属形态和酸可溶性研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
研究了杭州市50个居民小区土壤重金属元素(Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn和Mo)的含量、形态和酸可溶性。结果表明，与农业土壤相比，该市居民区土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn和Mo均有不同程度的积累；除Cr、Mo外，居民区重金属的积累一般低于该市商业区；土壤重金属元素的积累量随居民区建成时间的增加而增加．居民区土壤中Cd、Co、Cr和Ni主要以稳定的残余态为主；而Cu、Pb、Zn和Mn则以可提取态为主。除Zn、Mn外，重金属的酸可提性组分均较低．土壤重金属的稀酸提取量主要与提取平衡液的pH有关，随pH下降而增加，但大部分土壤中酸可提取的重金属量较低，因此杭州市居民区土壤在正常条件下不会有较多的重金属释放。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献