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1.
Samuel B. Green Marilyn S. Thompson Jennifer Poirier 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(1):113-126
Two Lagrange multiplier (LM) methods may be used in specification searches for adding parameters to models: one based on univariate LM tests and respecification of the model (LM‐respecified method) and the other based on a partitioning of multivariate LM tests (LM‐incremental method). These methods may result in extraneous parameters being included in models due to either sampling error or the model being misspecified. A 2‐stage specification search may be used to reduce errors due to misspecification. In the 1st stage, parameters are added to models based on LM tests to maximize fit. Second, parameters added in the 1st stage are deleted if they are no longer necessary to maintain model fit. Illustrations are presented to demonstrate that errors due to misspecification occur with the LM‐respecified method and are even more likely with the LM‐incremental approach. These illustrations also show how the deletion stage can help eliminate some of these errors. 相似文献
2.
钟爱军 《襄樊职业技术学院学报》2011,10(4):35-38
利用Excel的强大功能,建立计算模型,可以快速实现辅助生产费用的分配。文章通过三个具体实例,详细地阐述了Excel在计划成本分配法、交互分配法、代数分配法中具体应用的方法,解决了既麻烦又低效的手工分配辅助生产费用的工作难题。 相似文献
3.
本文归纳和比较了在配电网中理论线损计算的两类常规方法:基于均方根电流原理的近似计算和潮流计算,概括地阐述了几种常见方法的基本原理和优缺点,并在此基础上提出了一种优化算法的思想. 相似文献
4.
The models, methods and their application experiences of a practical GIS (geographic information system)-based computer decision-making support system of urban power distribution network planning with seven subsystems, termed CNP, are described. In each subsystem there is at least one or one set of practical mathematical methobs. Some new models and mathematical methods have been introduced. In the development of CNP the idea of cognitive system engineering has been insisted on, which claims that human and computer intelligence should be combined together to solve the complex engineering problems cooperatively. Practical applications have shown that not only the optimal plan can be automatically reached with many complicated factors considered, but also the computation, analysis and graphic drawing burden can be released considerably. 相似文献
5.
Recent advances in testing mediation have found that certain resampling methods and tests based on the mathematical distribution of 2 normal random variables substantially outperform the traditional z test. However, these studies have primarily focused only on models with a single mediator and 2 component paths. To address this limitation, a simulation was conducted to evaluate these alternative methods in a more complex path model with multiple mediators and indirect paths with 2 and 3 paths. Methods for testing contrasts of 2 effects were evaluated also. The simulation included 1 exogenous independent variable, 3 mediators and 2 outcomes and varied sample size, number of paths in the mediated effects, test used to evaluate effects, effect sizes for each path, and the value of the contrast. Confidence intervals were used to evaluate the power and Type I error rate of each method, and were examined for coverage and bias. The bias-corrected bootstrap had the least biased confidence intervals, greatest power to detect nonzero effects and contrasts, and the most accurate overall Type I error. All tests had less power to detect 3-path effects and more inaccurate Type I error compared to 2-path effects. Confidence intervals were biased for mediated effects, as found in previous studies. Results for contrasts did not vary greatly by test, although resampling approaches had somewhat greater power and might be preferable because of ease of use and flexibility. 相似文献
6.
Confidence Intervals for Weighted Composite Scores Under the Compound Binomial Error Model 
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下载免费PDF全文 Reporting confidence intervals with test scores helps test users make important decisions about examinees by providing information about the precision of test scores. Although a variety of estimation procedures based on the binomial error model are available for computing intervals for test scores, these procedures assume that items are randomly drawn from a undifferentiated universe of items, and therefore might not be suitable for tests developed according to a table of specifications. To address this issue, four interval estimation procedures that use category subscores for the computation of confidence intervals are presented in this article. All four estimation procedures assume that subscores instead of test scores follow a binomial distribution (i.e., compound binomial error model). The relative performance of the four compound binomial–based interval estimation procedures is compared to each other and to the better known normal approximation and Wilson score procedures based on the binomial error model. 相似文献
7.
Statistical theories of goodness-of-fit tests in structural equation modeling are based on asymptotic distributions of test statistics. When the model includes a large number of variables or the population is not from a multivariate normal distribution, the asymptotic distributions do not approximate the distribution of the test statistics very well at small sample sizes. A variety of methods have been developed to improve the accuracy of hypothesis testing at small sample sizes. However, all these methods have their limitations, specially for nonnormal distributed data. We propose a Monte Carlo test that is able to control Type I error with more accuracy compared to existing approaches in both normal and nonnormally distributed data at small sample sizes. Extensive simulation studies show that the suggested Monte Carlo test has a more accurate observed significance level as compared to other tests with a reasonable power to reject misspecified models. 相似文献
8.
Michael J. Kolen 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1991,28(3):257-282
Frequency distributions of test scores may appear irregular and, as estimates of a population distribution, contain a substantial amount of sampling error. Techniques for smoothing score distributions are available that have the capacity to improve estimation. In this article, estimation/smoothing methods that are flexible enough to fit a wide variety of test score distributions are reviewed. The methods are a kernel method, a strong true–score model–based method, and a method that uses polynomial log–linear models. The use of these methods is then reviewed, and applications of the methods are presented that include describing and comparing test score distributions, estimating norms, and estimating equipercentile equivalents in test score equating. Suggestions for further research are also provided. 相似文献
9.
研究 BCU方法在电力系统暂态稳定分析中的实际应用 .BCU方法是一种寻找相关不稳定平衡点的系统方法 ,与其它方法相比 ,它在可靠性和计算量方面更为有效 .但一些例子也表明 ,基于 BCU的方法有时会产生与时域仿真不一致的结果 .本文研究了影响 BCU方法实际应用的几个问题 ,在对一些电力系统大量测试的基础上发现 ,BCU方法和其它时域仿真方法结果的差异通常可以通过某种启发式方法排除或鉴别出来 .为此 ,文中将启发式修正逻辑集成于 BCU方法中 ,IEEE系统的实际测试表明了这种集成 BCU方法的有效性 相似文献
10.
Autofocus method based on the analysis of image content information is investigated to reduce the alignment error resulting from mark positioning uncertainty due to defocus in microstructure layered fabrication process based on multilevel imprint lithography, The applicability of several autofocus functions to the alignment mark images is evaluated concerning their uniformity, sharpness near peak, reliability and measure computation efficiency and the most suitable one based on power spectrum in frequency domain (PSFD) is adopted. To solve the problem of too much computation amount needed in PSFD algorithm, the strategy of interested region detection and effective image reconstruction is proposed and the algorithm efficiency is improved. The test results show that the computation time is reduced from 0.316 s to 0.023 s under the same conditions while the other merits of the function are preserved, which indicates that the modified algorithm can meet the mark image autofocusing require-ments in response time, accuracy and robustness. The alignment error due to defocus which is about 0.5 μm indi-cated by experimental results can be reduced or eliminated by the autofocusing implementation. 相似文献
11.
Forward and backward models for fault diagnosis based on parallel genetic algorithms 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this paper, a mathematical model consisting of forward and backward models is built on parallel genetic algorithms （PGAs） for fault diagnosis in a transmission power system. A new method to reduce the scale of fault sections is developed in the forward model and the message passing interface （MPI） approach is chosen to parallel the genetic algorithms by global single-population master-slave method （GPGAs）. The proposed approach is applied to a sample system consisting of 28 sections, 84 protective relays and 40 circuit breakers. Simulation results show that the new model based on GPGAs can achieve very fast computation in online applications of large-scale power systems. 相似文献
12.
为了获得光束质量较好、光斑尺寸较小、功率密度较高的、适合激光加工的激光束,对激光加工中的高斯光束进行传输与变换.先对高斯光束的特性及其传输变换进行了理论分析,而后在实际中加以验证.结果表明,经过这种传输变换后可获得光斑直径较小的、功率密度较高的、可用于激光加工的激光束.说明这种传输变换是可行有效的. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2013,6(1):24-67
Abstract This paper and the accompanying tool are intended to complement existing supports for conducting power analysis tools by offering a tool based on the framework of Minimum Detectable Effect Sizes (MDES) formulae that can be used in determining sample size requirements and in estimating minimum detectable effect sizes for a range of individual- and group-random assignment design studies and for common quasi-experimental design studies. The paper and accompanying tool cover computation of minimum detectable effect sizes under the following study designs: individual random assignment designs, hierarchical random assignment designs (2-4 levels), block random assignment designs (2-4 levels), regression discontinuity designs (6 types), and short interrupted time-series designs. In each case, the discussion and accompanying tool consider the key factors associated with statistical power and minimum detectable effect sizes, including the level at which treatment occurs and the statistical models (e.g., fixed effect and random effect) used in the analysis. The tool also includes a module that estimates for one and two level random assignment design studies the minimum sample sizes required in order for studies to attain user-defined minimum detectable effect sizes. 相似文献
14.
威布尔分布的参数估计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
威布尔分布是常见的寿命分布之一。对其密度函数中参数的估计方法有很多,常见的有矩法极大法Menond方法等。本文将利用最小二乘的思想给出定数结尾试验下双参数威布尔分布的参数估计的一种计算公式,以列表的方式给出计算时所需要的部分顺序统计量的期望,并通过模拟给出一个例子来说明该方法的可行性。 相似文献
15.
崔静 《西安文理学院学报》2007,10(4):33-36
从一维与二维随机变量函数的分布的一般求法出发,对一维情形,给出了当随机变量函数非单调时其分布的求法;对二维情形,用随机变量变换的方法分别给出了当逆变换单值与多值时其分布密度的计算公式,并得到了若干推论. 相似文献
16.
Based on the critical position of the endpoint quality prediction for basic oxygen furnaces （BOFs） in steelmaking, and the latest results in computational intelligence （C1）, this paper deals with the development of a novel memetic algorithm （MA） for neural network （NN） lcarnmg. Included in this is the integration of extremal optimization （EO） and Levenberg-Marquardt （LM） pradicnt search, and its application in BOF endpoint quality prediction. The fundamental analysis reveals that the proposed EO-LM algorithm may provide superior performance in generalization, computation efficiency, and avoid local minima, compared to traditional NN learning methods. Experimental results with production-scale BOF data show that the proposed method can effectively improve the NN model for BOF endpoint quality prediction. 相似文献
17.
When the assumption of multivariate normality is violated or when a discrepancy function other than (normal theory) maximum likelihood is used in structural equation models, the null distribution of the test statistic may not be χ2 distributed. Most existing methods to approximate this distribution only match up to 2 moments. In this article, we propose 2 additional approximation methods: a scaled F distribution that matches 3 moments simultaneously and a direct Monte Carlo–based weighted sum of i.i.d. χ2 variates. We also conduct comprehensive simulation studies to compare the new and existing methods for both maximum likelihood and nonmaximum likelihood discrepancy functions and to separately evaluate the effect of sampling uncertainty in the estimated weights of the weighted sum on the performance of the approximation methods. 相似文献
18.
This paper presents a control strategy of a hybrid fuel cell/battery distributed generation （HDG） system in distribution systems. The overall structure of the HDG system is given, dynamic models for the solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） power plant, battery bank and its power electronic interfacing are briefly described, and controller design methodologies for the power conditioning units and fuel cell to control the power flow from the hybrid power plant to the utility grid are presented. To distribute the power between the fuel cell power plant and the battery energy storage, a neuro-fuzzy controller has been developed. Also, for controlling the active and reactive power independently in distribution systems, the current control strategy based on two fuzzy logic controllers has been presented. A Matlab/Simulink simulation model is developed for the HDG system by combining the individual component models and their controllers. Simulation results show the overall system performance including load-following and power management of the HDG system. 相似文献
19.
p-q和ip-iq两种谐波检测方法的仿真对比 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对基于瞬时无功功率理论的p-q和ip-iq两种谐波检测方法建立了仿真模型,并在电网电压有无畸变时进行了仿真和对比。结果表明,ip-iq法在电网电压有无畸变时均能从负载电流中准确地将谐波检测出来,而p-q法只在电网电压无畸变时,才能将负载电流中的基波分量和谐波分量有效地分离开。本研究为在谐波抑制中合理选取谐波检测方法提供了理论依据。 相似文献
20.
Applied researchers often include mediation effects in applications of advanced methods such as latent variable models and linear growth curve models. Guidance on how to estimate statistical power to detect mediation for these models has not yet been addressed in the literature. We describe a general framework for power analyses for complex mediational models. The approach is based on the well-known technique of generating a large number of samples in a Monte Carlo study, and estimating power as the percentage of cases in which an estimate of interest is significantly different from zero. Examples of power calculation for commonly used mediational models are provided. Power analyses for the single mediator, multiple mediators, 3-path mediation, mediation with latent variables, moderated mediation, and mediation in longitudinal designs are described. Annotated sample syntax for Mplus is appended and tabled values of required sample sizes are shown for some models. 相似文献