共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 531 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
所谓过度训练(overtraining),是指运动员接受过量训练,经过适当的恢复期仍不能维持其正常的运动水平。运动成绩下降是诊断过度训练的必需条件。那些训练态度积极、没有经验、自我训练、停训一段时间后又积极参加训练的运动员、更易出现过度训练。 1 过度训练的表现过度训练的表现很多,依照运动员身体机能的差别、运动项目的不同以及其它因素而表现不同(表1)。 2 过度训练的诊断过度训练的原因因人而异。目前还不能靠一项诊断试验就可诊断过度训练。需要综合的指标,观察它们在恢复期后能否恢复到基础不平。这些系统和指标包括: 相似文献
5.
通过对中长跑的训练特点及适宜负荷原则在中长跑运动训练中的实际应用，得出适宜运动负荷有助于中长跑运动员运动成绩的提高及运动训练科学合理恢复，不适宜运动负荷会引起运动员机体劣变直接导致运动成绩下降与运动损伤。 相似文献
6.
功能性训练目前在竞技体育训练中被频繁运用,是提升运动员运动表现和身体功能最为直接的训练手段之一,将其与运动专项进行结合。功能性专项训练是现代运动训练发展的必然趋势,同时也是为短跑运动员专项训练方法和手段的设计与选择提供科学依据。因此,本研究以功能性专项训练对短跑运动员运动表现和运动成绩影响为研究对象,以初中短跑运动员为主要实验对象,设计不同训练组别对其功能性专项训练进行相关研究,研究结果显示实施功能性专项训练运动员的田径类,爆发力运动表现都有显著的提高。 相似文献
7.
皮划艇运动是运动量较大、竞争激烈的比赛项目,训练的强度、密度较大,在训练中要求运动员机体能够承受尽可能大的运动负荷,使机体适应大强度、高频率的比赛要求。长时期高强度的训练必然带来运动员的生理疲劳,导致训练质量的下降,从而影响运动成绩的提高,因此,皮划艇运动员的训练恢复是教练员和运动员十分关注的问题。 相似文献
8.
运动训练恢复是运动训练中的一个重要组成部分。只有采用良好的消除疲劳方法,才能提高运动员的训练水平和运动成绩。在田径长跑运动训练中,为了使运动员获得更好的成绩,就必须运用大强度、大运动量的运动训练,而训练又给运动员带来了一定的疲劳。 相似文献
9.
韩旭升 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(9):122-123
文章从武术训练强度和密度方面进行生化分析,认为间歇训练是提高武术运动员专项能力的有效手段和方法,它可造成运动员训练时体内血乳酸的逐步积累,而且有助于提高运动员体内CP的含量,进一步提高无氧代谢能力。在武术运动训练和教学时,应以生化指标为科学依据,根据武术运动供能的特点进行训练,从而提高运动成绩和教学质量。 相似文献
10.
运动训练恢复是运动训练中的一个重要组成部分。只有采用良好的消除疲劳方法,才能提高运动员的训练水平和运动成绩。在田径长跑运动训练中,为了使运动员获得更好的成绩,就必须运用大强度、大运动量的运动训练,而训练又给运动员带来了一定的疲劳。如何才能使运动员的疲劳更快地消除呢?在近几年的运动训练实践中,我们常采用如下方法: 相似文献
11.
Lee Bell Alan Ruddock Thomas Maden-Wilkinson David. Rogerson 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(16):1897-1912
ABSTRACT
To date, little is known about overreaching (OR) and the overtraining syndrome (OTS) in strength sports and resistance training (RT) populations. However, the available literature may elucidate the occurrence of both conditions in these populations. A scoping review was conducted. SPORTDiscus, Scopus and Web of Science were searched in a robust and systematic manner, with relevant articles analysed. 1170 records were retrieved during an initial search, with a total of 47 included in the review. Two broad themes were identified during data extraction: 1) overreaching in strength sports; 2) overreaching and overtraining syndrome in RT. Short-term periods of OR achieved with either high-volume or high-intensity RT can elicit functional OR (FOR) but there is also evidence that chronic high-volume and/or intensity RT can lead to non-functional overreaching (NFOR). There is minimal evidence to suggest that true OTS has occurred in strength sports or RT based on the studies entered during this review. More research is needed to develop robust guiding principles for practitioners. Additionally, due to the heterogeneous nature of the existing literature, future research would benefit from the development of practical tools to identify and diagnose the transition from FOR to NFOR, and subsequently OTS in strength athletes and RT populations. 相似文献
12.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):267-276
Abstract Overload training resulting in an overreached state is common in elite sports, and if undetected can develop into an overtraining syndrome. This risk is accentuated by the lack of reliable measures of overreaching. Coaches and scientists therefore have to use a combination of tests in the monitoring process. This article presents a case study of the recovery from underperformance of a young elite endurance athlete and the work of a multidisciplinary sport science support team. When it was determined that the athlete's performance had deteriorated, and that this was due solely to the stress of training, training load was radically reduced for a period of 14 days. A combination of physiological, biochemical, and psychological measurements were then used to monitor the recovery process. The purpose of this article is to describe how coaches and sport science teams can help in monitoring training and recovery in practical settings, allowing detection of the early signs of overreaching before a more serious overtraining syndrome develops. 相似文献
13.
Flavio A. Cadegiani Claudio E. Kater Matheus Gazola 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(11):1296-1307
The metabolic and hormonal consequences of high-intensity functional training regimens such as CrossFit® (CF) are unclear. Little is known about the triggers and clinical and biochemical features of CF-related overtraining syndrome (OTS). The EROS study compared endocrine and metabolic responses, and eating, social, psychological and body characteristics of OTS-affected (OTS) and healthy athletes (ATL), and non-physically active controls (NPAC). The current study is a post-hoc analysis of the CF subgroups of the EROS study, to evaluate specific characteristics of CF in ATL and OTS. Parameters were overall and pairwise compared among OTS-affected (CF-OTS) and healthy (CF-ATL) athletes that exclusively practiced CF, and NPAC. CF-ATL yielded earlier and enhanced cortisol, GH, and prolactin responses to an insulin tolerance test (ITT), increased neutrophils, lower lactate, increased testosterone, improved sleep quality, better psychological performance, increased measured-to-predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR) ratio and fat oxidation, and better hydration, when compared to NPAC. Conversely, more than 90% of the adaptive changes in CF were lost under OTS, including an attenuation of the hormonal responses to an ITT, increased estradiol, decreased testosterone, and decreased BMR and fat oxidation; the most remarkable trigger of OTS among “HIFT athletes” was the long-term low carbohydrate and calorie intake. 相似文献
14.
个性是个体的心理倾向性和品质的组合,它决定着个体的活动和行为方式,同样影响或决定着运动员在技术方面的表现和今后发展。对运动员的个性心理特征研究是运动心理学研究的重要内容之一,已成为我国运动心理学领域中的热点。本文采用卡特尔16项个性因素量表对运动员个体进行了个性特征的调查研究,表明了优秀武术男运动员在聪慧性（B）、有恒性（G）、敏感性（I）等因素表现为高分特征,在独立性（Q2）因素表现为低分特征,优秀武术女运动员在聪慧性（B）、自制性（Q3）因素表现为高分特征,在稳定性（C）、实验性（Q1）等因素表现为低分特征。这为今后武术运动员的心理选材、科学训练提供了参考的心理依据。 相似文献
15.
顾建仁 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(6):44-45,60
本研究通过对江苏省男子手球队十二届全运会前的赛前训练期间,白细胞(WBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血尿素(BU)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)在训练各个阶段变化情况的分析研究,发现在赛前训练阶段强化对运动员的训练监控非常必要,可以为教练员制定训练计划提供重要指导,提高训练效果;赛前训练对男手运动员的WBC、BU影响不大,但要重视训练初期运动员血红蛋白(Hb)水平的下降;要重视赛前训练期间运动员最后一场教学比赛后的机体恢复,特别是肌肉疲劳的恢复工作,为下面的正式比赛做好准备;在赛前训练期间一定要做好营养品的针对性补充,只要营养品补充合理,配合训练计划的合理安排,在整个训练期间,运动员的机能水平均能维持在较为理想的状态。 相似文献
16.
Contemporary training for power sports involves diverse routines that place a wide array of physiological demands on the athlete. This requires a multi-faceted nutritional strategy to support both general training needs--tailored to specific training phases--as well as the acute demands of competition. Elite power sport athletes have high training intensities and volumes for most of the training season, so energy intake must be sufficient to support recovery and adaptation. Low pre-exercise muscle glycogen reduces high-intensity performance, so daily carbohydrate intake must be emphasized throughout training and competition phases. There is strong evidence to suggest that the timing, type, and amount of protein intake influence post-exercise recovery and adaptation. Most power sports feature demanding competition schedules, which require aggressive nutritional recovery strategies to optimize muscle glycogen resynthesis. Various power sports have different optimum body compositions and body weight requirements, but increasing the power-to-weight ratio during the championship season can lead to significant performance benefits for most athletes. Both intra- and extracellular buffering agents may enhance performance, but more research is needed to examine the potential long-term impact of buffering agents on training adaptation. Interactions between training, desired physiological adaptations, competition, and nutrition require an individual approach and should be continuously adjusted and adapted. 相似文献
17.
"超量恢复"方法在中长跑短训中的运用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
普通高等院校参加省级运动会,比赛前临时组队,队伍训练的时间短,运动水平较低,身体素质较差,又要在短时期内出成绩,难度较大.在这种情况下,对中长跑运动员采用"超量恢复"的训练方法,采用大强度超负荷训练方法,在短期内提高身体的承受能力和适应能力,再通过积极的适当恢复,进入良好的竞技状态,比赛时就能取得较好的成绩. 相似文献
18.
以国家队6名男子运动员、8名女子运动员为研究对象,于2012、2013年的夏季集训期对其晨脉、血压、血清肌酸激酶、血尿素和血红蛋白进行测试、评价和比较分析.结果显示：在不同夏训期多数运动员的晨脉、血压及血液指标均在正常值范围内变化,且2012和2013年的测试结果对比未出现显著性差异.而个别男运动员的晨脉、血清肌酸激酶,女运动员的收缩压、血尿素、血红蛋白出现显著性差异（P＜0.05）.结合其训练时的表现认为多数运动员对2012和2013两个夏训季的运动强度和负荷量是比较适应的,身体的机能状态相对比较稳定,个别运动员训练中的运动疲劳恢复不是非常理想,在进行短期调整后,很快恢复,没有出现过度疲劳的显现.旨在对该运动员群体进行机能评定和监控,建立运动员个人技术档案,为教练员制定和调整训练计划提供参考依据、为该项目取得优异成绩提供科技保障. 相似文献
19.
运动员赛前减量阶段常用训练监控指标的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对赛前减量阶段常用训练监控指标变化的研究进行综述,认为现在常用的训练监控指标与标准还不能全面、精确地反映运动员的竞技状态.要实现对运动员赛前状态精确的调控,必须运用多种有效的训练学、生物学、心理学的手段与方法全面监控运动员的赛前状态.同时,应注重运动员赛前训练监控指标及标准的专项化及个体化研究,应特别注意训练监控指标、标准与运动员比赛成绩关系的研究.找出真正能够准确反映运动员最佳竞技状态的相关指标与标准,从而为运动员赛前特别是重大比赛前的训练安排、竞技状态的调控提供精确的科学依据,为运动员创造最佳的运动成绩服务. 相似文献