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1.
实验教学作为传热学这门课程的重要组成部分,对于加深学生对热量传递过程物理机制的认识,了解其工程应用情况,掌握基本的传热测试方法,提高学生的创新能力和对知识的综合应用能力,起着极其重要的作用。我们从对实验教学内容进行优化整合、实验课件的开发、网络实验教材的建设以及自主研发综合性实验台,到学生自发进行创新性实验,建立起了多层次的创新性实验教学体系。 相似文献
2.
This article investigates the influence of English as the examination language on the solution of physics and science problems by non-native speakers in tertiary engineering education. For that purpose, a statistically significant total number of 96 students in four year groups from freshman to senior level participated in a testing experiment in the Degree Programme of Aviation at the FH JOANNEUM University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria. Half of each test group were given a set of 12 physics problems described in German, the other half received the same set of problems described in English. It was the goal to test linguistic reading comprehension necessary for scientific problem solving instead of physics knowledge as such. The results imply that written undergraduate English-medium engineering tests and examinations may not require additional examination time or language-specific aids for students who have reached university-entrance proficiency in English as a foreign language. 相似文献
3.
Martina Röthlisberger Christoph Zangger Britta Juska-Bacher 《Journal of Research in Reading》2023,46(1):1-21
Background
In countries with German as an official language, children with German as a second language perform overall worse in school than their German native speaking peers. This particularly affects written language skills, which require advanced language knowledge. The reasons are manifold, but one is prominent, namely poor vocabulary knowledge. Vocabulary, however, consists not only of the number of known words but also of a complex and hitherto under-researched lexico-semantic framework, which is referred to as vocabulary depth.Method
In the present study, a sample of 373 children (322 German native speakers and 51 with German as a second language) was examined longitudinally in Grade 2 and 3 for their reading comprehension and vocabulary breadth and depth. Vocabulary depth was defined as relational and semantic word knowledge. Latent change score models on vocabulary breadth and depth development including reading precursor skills, non-verbal intelligence and SES were conducted.Results
The children with German as a second language scored lower than the native German speakers in reading and vocabulary tests, with the difference in vocabulary depth being more pronounced than in vocabulary breadth. Importantly, the differences did not tend to diminish over time, which could have been expected. The differences in reading comprehension can be accounted for mainly by the variations in vocabulary, especially in vocabulary depth.Conclusions
These findings emphasise the importance of including not only vocabulary breadth but also vocabulary depth in the context of reading research on children who do not speak the majority language.4.
匡晓文 《湖北第二师范学院学报》2012,(3):121-123
许多英语非母语人士来华访问时常用带有地域特色的英语进行交流,这就要求作为交际中介的口译员对英语地域变体有良好的驾驭能力,而国内本科生在学口译前所接触的多为美国或英国英语,对其他变体了解甚少,因此很有必要在口译教学中提高学员对英语变体的敏感度。文章分析了英语地域变体的主要特征及其对口译的影响,提出了帮助本科生克服变体干扰、适应现实工作环境的对策。 相似文献
5.
Two-way immersion (TWI) is a variant of the increasingly popular bilingual instruction. Most TWI research lacks longitudinal data or the consideration of background variables to control for possible selection effects. This article examines the development of German reading comprehension of TWI students (N = 984) from fourth to sixth grade compared to conventionally taught students (N = 992). The latent growth curve models showed that immersion students reached the same level of German reading comprehension over the three measurement points, even if background variables like first language, socioeconomic background, and cognitive ability were included. Despite reduced instruction in German, TWI students showed the same reading comprehension level as students in regular instruction while having the advantage of learning an additional language. Although the level of reading comprehension differed between language groups (L1 German speakers, L1 partner language speakers, simultaneous bilinguals), the learning trajectories of reading comprehension were similar. 相似文献
6.
Lore Arthur 《Compare》2002,32(1):83-93
Teachers of another language, many of whom are bilingual and bicultural, have had to think about relationships with and attitudes towards the country (ies) or communities where the other language is spoken. By constantly interacting with that language and culture they often think and act 'comparatively' without, in most instances, articulating their views in a formal manner. Such notions are particularly complex in the Anglo-German context. The research project described here aimed to find out if native speakers of German have different attitudes towards their own and the other culture than native speakers of English who teach German as a second language. To what extent do personal biographies influence language teaching in the classroom? What does the concept of citizenship mean to them in their personal and professional lives? These are some of the issues the paper sets out to explore. 相似文献
7.
Teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is highly important for effective design and implementation of school teaching. Thus, the current status, development and efficacy of this knowledge, its relationships with teaching quality parameters, and its impact on students' learning processes and success, require rigorous examination. Thoroughly validated, objective and reliable test instruments that are highly sensitive to changes in variables of proven knowledge-related relevance in teacher education are also required. Previous attempts to design such instruments for assessing science teachers' PCK have largely focused on mathematical content. Therefore, here we present an instrument (the pedagogical content knowledge in biology inventory, PCK-IBI), based on conceptualizations of teachers' professional competence, for assessing secondary school pre-service biology teachers' PCK. In a series of three evaluations and refinements it was tested with samples of N = 274 and N = 432 German pre-service as well as one sample of n = 65 German pre-service and n = 35 German in-service biology teachers. Item analysis, scale analysis and empirically obtained indicators of validity suggest that the final 34-item-version of the PCK-IBI is unidimensional, provides objective test scores and enables reliable and valid registration of pre-service biology teachers' PCK. Thus, hypotheses regarding specific aspects of the model on which the PCK-IBI's construction is based on are empirically supported. The results of our study provide empirical support for the instrument's potential utility. 相似文献
8.
《校园英语(教研版)》2016,(15):2-3
<正>1.World Englishes and China English Nowadays,English has served as the internationally acknowledged lingua franca while the whole world has become a global village(Mc Arthur,2004,as cited in Hu,2005).Just as Hu(2005)observed that"It is English that allows an Arab and a Japanese,a Chinese,a Russian,an Australian and a German to communicate with each other."According to Kachru(1997,as cited in Hu,2004),the proportion of non-native speakers and native speakers around the world is approximately 2-4:1.Take 相似文献
9.
丁红卫 《南京师范大学文学院学报》2014,(3):176-185
汉语的音节结构相对德语和英语来说比较简单,汉语的音节尾辅音只有鼻音n和ng,而德语的音节尾辅音可以多达4个。本文的实验选取了12个代表三种不同德语水平的中国学生作为发音实验对象,还选定了两位德语本族语的发音人作为参考。每位发音人朗读102个带有不同音节尾辅音的德语单词和20句含有较多音节尾辅音的德语句子。实验结果表明,中国学生主要采用元音插入（epenthesis）、辅音脱落（deletion）和辅音替换（substitution）的方式处理德语音节尾辅音的发音。有些发音的偏误可以从汉语中寻到原因,有些偏误现象则可以从第一外语英语中找到解释。统计数据表明,随着德语水平从初级、中级到高级递增,学生对音节尾辅音的发音偏误也逐渐减少,这意味着音节尾辅音发音的偏误是可以不断改进甚至完全克服的。 相似文献
10.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS REGARDING THE HEALTH AND NUTRITION OF OLDER ADULTS
This study evaluated knowledge and attitudes of undergraduates regarding nutrition and health of the aged and students' intentions of pursuing career involvement with older adults. The participants evaluated were undergraduates from three mid-western universities (n=1,755). The majority of those surveyed were uninformed and unlikely to pursue career involvement with older adults. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Research has been focusing increasingly on measuring students’ prior economic knowledge in higher education. However, in German-speaking countries, valid instruments are rare. A diagnostic study investigated the validity and fairness of an internationally established economic knowledge test (adapted German version of TUCE IV and TEL IV) with a representative sample of 7664 students from 46 universities across Germany. Previous findings with the dataset (Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia et al., 2019a) suggest that native language significantly predicts missing answers in the knowledge test. Similar effects can be found for gender. After coding missing answers as incorrect, students with a native language other than German and females are disadvantaged. Using multiple imputation, group differences are still significant but to a lesser extent. This approach is critically discussed in terms of valid diagnostics and assessment in higher education. 相似文献
12.
大学生物理学术竞赛及其对学生全面素质与创新能力的强化作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了中国大学生物理学术竞赛的概况,并从比赛模式、规则及其赛题特色等方面讨论了该赛事在培养学生的创新意识、创新能力、综合运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力、团队协作精神以及交流沟通能力等方面的作用,结果表明该赛事是培养大学生全面素质与创新能力的一个很好的平台。 相似文献
13.
Nonlanguage factors affecting undergraduates' judgments of nonnative English-speaking teaching assistants 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Donald L. Rubin 《Research in higher education》1992,33(4):511-531
In response to dramatic changes in the demographics of graduate education, considerable effort is being deveoted to training teaching assistants who are nonnative speakers of English (NNSTAs). Three studies extend earlier research that showed the potency of nonlanguage factors such as ethnicity in affecting undergraduates' reactions to NNSTAs. Study 1 examined effects of instructor ethnicity, even when the instructor's language was completely standard. Study 2 identified predictors of teacher ratings and listening comprehension from among several attitudinal and background variables. Study 3 was a pilot intervention effort in which undergraduates served as teaching coaches for NNSTAs. This intervention, however, exerted no detectable effect on undergraduates' attitudes. Taken together, these findings warrant that intercultural sensitization for undergraduates must complement skills training for NNSTAs, but that this sensitization will not accrue from any superficial intervention program. 相似文献
14.
15.
文章使用塞音声学格局分析的方法对3名德国学生的德语塞音格局及汉语塞音格局进行了考察,并与汉语母语者的塞音格局进行了对比分析。结果看到,德国学习者能够区分汉语送气音和不送气音两个音位范畴;德国学生的汉语送气塞音发音好于不送气塞音。德国学生的错误发音方式是用母语中的浊音特征替代汉语中的不送气特征;用母语中的较紧、较弱的送气特征替代汉语中的较松、较强的送气特征。文章的结果也基本验证了Best的PAM理论和Flege的SLM理论。通过这些分析也看到,塞音声学格局的分析方法对于第二语言语音习得研究是有效的。 相似文献
16.
了解我校高职大学生营养知识、态度和膳食行为的现状,为我校开展营养健康教育提供依据。方法：采用自编调查问卷,对我校697名在校大学生进行调查。结果：大学生营养知识平均得分为11.6±4.1分,存在一些不健康的饮食行为,如不吃早餐、挑食,奶类、豆类及其制品食用率低等。大多数学生营养态度良好,愿意接受更多的营养知识并改正不良的饮食习惯。结论：我校应采取多种形式的健康教育,以促进大学生形成良好的饮食行为。 相似文献
17.
In view of the lack of instruments for measuring biology teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), this article reports on a study about the development of PCK items for measuring teachers' knowledge of pupils' errors and ways for dealing with them. This study investigated 9th and 10th grade German pupils' (n?=?461) drawings in an achievement test about the knee-jerk in biology, which were analysed by using the inductive qualitative analysis of their content. The empirical data were used for the development of the items in the PCK test. The validation of the items was determined with think-aloud interviews of German secondary school teachers (n?=?5). If the item was determined, the reliability was tested by the results of German secondary school biology teachers (n?=?65) who took the PCK test. The results indicated that these items are satisfactorily reliable (Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.60 to 0.65). We suggest a larger sample size and American biology teachers be used in our further studies. The findings of this study about teachers' professional knowledge from the PCK test could provide new information about the influence of teachers' knowledge on their pupils' understanding of biology and their possible errors in learning biology. 相似文献
18.
工科院校机械专业毕业设计中存在的主要问题与解决办法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文分析了目前工科院校机械专业毕业设计中存在的诸如学生的技术基础知识掌握不够、选题与个人兴趣之间矛盾突出和毕业设计与就业或考研之间存在时间冲突等三个问题,分别从师生相互关系两个方面,提出了加强技术基础知识及建模软件的学习、适当地调整拟题模式,选择与学生就业相结合的课题和探索校企联合指导等相应的改进措施。通过近几年的具体实施,学生的毕业设计质量有明显的提高。 相似文献
19.
采用问卷调查方式对1698名大学生知识价值观进行研究,有关数据显示：所调查的大学生在知识目的价值观方面以改变个人命运为主;在知识功能价值观方面有更多的大学生更看重知识在推动社会进步中的社会功能价值;在不同类型及性质知识的重要性方面,多数大学生在强调认识性知识的重要性的同时,更看重实际应用性知识的价值。由此表明,所调查大学生在关于知识价值观方面表现出多样性与侧重性以及一定的差异性,同时也突显出个人本位和现实的功利实用倾向等特点。 相似文献
20.
Although studies on self-efficacy and attribution have independently contributed to the motivation literature, these two constructs have rarely been considered together in the domain of foreign language learning. Here, 500 undergraduates in Spanish, German, and French courses were asked to report whether test scores represented a successful or unsuccessful outcome and to provide attribution and self-efficacy ratings upon receiving their grades. Representing an innovation over previous studies, attributions were measured in two ways, using dimensions of attributions and asking about actual reasons for a real outcome. In regressions predicting achievement, self-efficacy was the strongest predictor, supplemented by ability attributions. Students who attributed failure to lack of effort had higher self-efficacy than students not making effort attributions. 相似文献