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1.
我国高等教育入学机会的城乡差异研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从总体上看,当前我国高等教育入学机会的城乡差异比较明显;从性别、学校类型、学科以及入学分数等角度看,城乡居民之间的高等教育入学机会差异更加突出;但从历史发展的角度看,近年随着高等教育大众化的推进,我国高等教育入学机会的城乡总体差异以及城乡之间在性别、学校类型等方面的入学机会差异都有明显的缩小。 相似文献
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目前,高等教育机会平等问题已成为学界普遍关注的热点问题之一,但是,如何实现高等教育机会平等,并没有达成共识。因此,本文从比较与借鉴的视角,对日本高等教育大众化进程中,不同社会阶层对子女高等教育入学机会的影响,以及缩小阶层间高等教育机会差异的举措进行了初步探讨,希望能够对缩小我国高等教育大众化中各阶层间子女的入学机会差异提供参考。 相似文献
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在高等教育大众化进程中,农村家庭子女入学机会并未随高等教育规模扩招而达到预期水平,城乡高等教育入学机会正由原先表面的、宏观的总量不均衡向更深层次、隐性的不均衡发展.文章探究了制约农村家庭子女入学机会的核心因素,并提出建议. 相似文献
4.
《河北能源职业技术学院学报》2018,(4)
高等教育入学机会的性别差异是高等教育机会公平问题研究的重要组成部分,高等教育代表的是一个国家高层次的教育,需要将女性入学的机会和高等教育学历层次做一定的联系,进而直接反映出入学机会在性别上的公平程度。文章对新时期我国高等教育中不同学历层次的入学机会性别差异做了具体的分析,并针对不同学历层次的不同现象分析了原因。 相似文献
5.
高等教育入学机会的城乡差异 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
当前我国高等教育入学机会城乡差异的主要特征是,城乡差异在不断缩小,但差异仍然十分明显,特别是重点大学入学机会的城乡差距还比较大。城市化和高校扩招对缩小高等教育入学机会的城乡差异有重要作用。为了进一步缩小高等教育入学机会的城乡差异,应努力推进城市化进程,逐步缩小城乡基础教育办学条件的差异。 相似文献
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在高等教育大众化进程中,农村家庭子女入学机会并未随高等教育规模扩招而达到预期水平,城乡高等教育入学机会正由原先表面的、宏观的总量不均衡向更深层次、隐性的不均衡发展。文章探究了制约农村家庭子女入学机会的核心因素,并提出建议。 相似文献
8.
高等教育大众化促进了入学机会总量的迅速增加,但机会增多并不等于机会均等,地区、城乡、阶层和性别之间的入学机会不均依然显著存在。制度性教育的天然缺陷、城乡二元制的结构制约、考选制度的隐性不公、成本分担的制度失衡、资本存量的代际影响、基础教育的不均积续、性别偏好的消极影响等是造成我国高等教育入学机会不均的深层原因。应在稳步推进高等教育大众化的基础上,通过制度变革和政策调整来增进高等教育公平。 相似文献
9.
美国高等教育入学机会性别平等取得的成效,与各项促进高等教育入学机会性别平等的教育立法密不可分.通过对相关立法梳理发现,美国促进高等教育入学机会的性别平等立法经历初创期、发展期与质疑期三个阶段,在立法演进过程中呈现以下特点:立法关注点与时俱进,立法内容逐步细化,立法兼顾公平与效率.这启示我国要加快高等教育法律体系建设、加强高等教育法律执行和监控力度以及切实提高大众性别平等意识,以促进我国高等教育入学机会性别平等. 相似文献
10.
高等教育性别与公平问题探究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
一、高等教育性别与公平问题的现状 高等教育性别与公平问题的实质主要是废除由于性别的差异而产生的对高等教育入学机会的限制,实行智力面前男女平等,它可分为起点公平、过程公平和结果公平等三方面。时至当代,高等教育已有了很大发展,局部地区性别与公平问题中的起点公平呈缓冲的趋势,但从总体来看,当代高等教育还存在着性别不公平,教育内部普遍存在的隔离状况。 １．性别与高等教育起点公平 性别与高等教育起点公平即不论性别应获得公平的高等教育入学机会,这是高等教育性别与公平的最基本问题。从世界范围来看,高等教育男女毛… 相似文献
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David Kember Richard Armour Winnie Jenkins Doris Y. P. Leung Natalia Li Kwok Chi Ng 《高等教育研究与发展》2001,20(3):265-280
This article develops a classification system for the orientations to enrolment of part-time students based upon their practical lifelong learning needs. Orientation to enrolment is seen as a complex construct embodying all the reasons, purposes, expectations and motivations that cause students to pick a particular course and elect to study by the part-time mode. Virtually all of the interviewed students had a vocational orientation so some previously used categorisation schemes were not suitable. Instead seven categories relating to lifelong learning needs provided a scheme which covered the cases and related well to explanations given by interviewees for enrolling in the courses. These were re-training or further development for those who need to make a career shift; education for professionals who need to undertake continuing professional development through their careers; an opportunity for a tertiary education for those who did not previously have the chance; an education at the tertiary level for those who did not do sufficiently well at school to qualify for direct entry to university; an alternative to mainstream education; education for adults; and learning for pleasure throughout the lifetime. 相似文献
13.
Mari Lande With 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2018,62(2):163-185
Concerns about the status of the teaching profession are widespread. In this paper, the social selection to teacher education is compared with the social selection to other higher education courses in Norway from 1975 to 2010. This comparison can shed light on changes in the status of teaching relative to other types of higher education. Using enrolment data supplied by educational institutions, this study examines whether the recruitment to teacher education has changed in a manner that reflects a unique decline in teacher status. The analyses show that the social selection to teacher education has declined. However, a similar decline is found for recruitment to other educational fields. Thus, the results suggest that the declining status of teaching is part of a larger trend in which the status of bachelor’s level applied educational fields declined relative to traditional university courses. 相似文献
14.
Inclusion of race and gender in criminal justice education has, to some degree, been prompted as a result of perceived bias by criminal justice system professionals. Utilizing the race and gender experience as a template, interactions between the gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered (GLBT) community and the criminal justice system are explored. This study surveyed criminal justice undergraduate degree programs to ascertain course content on gay and lesbian issues. Results indicate that an extremely small number of programs have such a course or alternatively incorporate GLBT issues within existing race and gender courses. Implications for criminal justice education are discussed. 相似文献
15.
《British Educational Research Journal》2003,29(2):205-225
This article will highlight the difficulties faced by qualified but disadvantaged young people in accessing higher education. This is an issue which has strong implications for education policy, economic efficiency and social justice. Over the past two decades, despite large increases in overall access to higher education, the gap in level of participation between the most affluent and most disadvantaged school‐leavers has remained intact. This article will examine patterns of educational attrition amongst less affluent young people, who gain sufficient qualifications to enter higher education. In other words, in order to redress the imbalance in the uptake of places in higher education, this article will distinguish between the factors which qualify young people to access university and those which predispose them to participate. A range of factors (barriers) which impacted upon levels of participation in higher education was found. Access to higher education was primarily dictated by level of school achievement, although this in turn was found to be a function of disadvantage. Furthermore, some qualified but disadvantaged young people forwent the opportunity to enter higher education on leaving school, while others enrolled in less advanced courses, for reasons other than academic ability. 相似文献
16.
从经济学角度来看,基础教育阶段的儿童入学是一种典型的家庭决策行为。对此,经济学家发展了两个理论模型———新古典家庭决策模型和讨价还价家庭模型,并把性别因素考虑进模型中。这两个模型对儿童入学中的性别差异提供了不同解释,并且,许多经济学家利用这两个家庭模型对发展中国家的儿童入学问题做了广泛的实证研究。 相似文献
17.
随着中国高等教育大众化进程的日益深化，教育公正和教育平等成为人们日益关注的问题。人们在思考与解决教育公正与平等问题中提出了“补偿原则”，具有一定的现实意义。教育公正和平等是对立统一的，在努力创造对促进教育公正能够有所作为的高等教育大众化的过程中．需要从多方面入手，妥善解决二者之间的矛盾，促进中国高等教育大众化的健康发展。 相似文献
18.
C. Arnold Anderson 《Higher Education》1975,4(4):393-408
This paper re-examines data on inequality of opportunity for higher education in the light of the debate aroused in Sweden by the U68 report. Earlier data for four countries (U.S.A., Sweden, Spain and Germany) are used to portray diverse status profiles of students: neither level of national income nor level of university enrolment appreciably affects selectivity of attendance. Changes in rates of attendance for three status categories in Sweden from 1950 to 1970 are measured in three ways. Convergence between the status categories in rates of enrolment is demonstrated. 相似文献
19.
The focus of this paper is on the relationships between social origin, participation in tertiary education (enrolment, drop-out,
enrolment at second level and post-tertiary education) and occupational instability among university graduates in a recent
period of university and labour market reforms (the differentiation of higher education due to the “Bologna process” and the
flexibilization of employment contracts). In the first part of the paper we review these institutional reforms, discussing
how they have changed the structure of opportunities and constraints for students and graduates. In the second part we analyse
data from several cross-section waves of the Upper Secondary Graduates Survey and the University Graduates Survey which cover
both pre- and post-reform cohorts. Results from logistic regression models show a slight decline in the association between
parents’ education and enrolment in tertiary education, whereas there is a reduction and a new increase of inequality in drop-outs.
We also find remarkable effects of parents’ education on enrolment in post-graduate courses, but smaller on the risks of having
unstable jobs and both are mainly stable over time. Only a slight reduction of the role of social origin in university participation
and in the transition to the labour market took place, but it seems not to be too closely connected to the specific reforms
which occurred in the 1990s. 相似文献
20.
Expansion,differentiation, and the persistence of social class inequalities in British higher education 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Vikki Boliver 《Higher Education》2011,61(3):229-242
Conventional political wisdom has it that educational expansion helps to reduce socioeconomic inequalities of access to education
by increasing equality of educational opportunity. The counterarguments of Maximally Maintained Inequality (MMI) and Effectively
Maintained Inequality (EMI), in contrast, contend that educational inequalities tend to persist despite expansion because
those from more advantaged social class backgrounds are better placed to take up the new educational opportunities that expansion
affords (MMI) and to secure for themselves qualitatively better kinds of education at any given level (EMI). This paper sets
out to test the predictions of the MMI and EMI hypotheses against empirical data for the case of Britain where higher education
expanded dramatically during the 1960s and again during the early 1990s. The results show that quantitative inequalities between
social classes in the odds of higher education enrolment proved remarkably persistent for much of the period between 1960
and 1995, and began to decline only during the early 1990s, after the enrolment rate for the most advantaged social class
had reached saturation point. Throughout this same 35 year period, qualitative inequalities between social classes in the
odds of enrolment on more traditional and higher status degree programmes and at ‘Old’ universities remained fundamentally
unchanged. In short, social class inequalities in British higher education have been both maximally and effectively maintained. 相似文献