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Sue Bennett 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2010,58(4):459-480
Case-based learning has long been used to bring students into contact with the complexity of real-world situations. Despite
this popularity and considerable history, research into how case analysis can support future problem-solving has been limited.
The study reported in this paper investigated learners’ understanding of multimedia instructional design and development derived
from the analysis of two richly detailed cases, and how this understanding then supported learners in their own design projects.
A qualitative case study approach was used to follow a class of Masters students engaged in a technology-supported, case-based
learning environment. Student work from case analysis, group project and reflective tasks was the key data source, complemented
by interviews with students and their instructor, observations of class meetings, and the collection of online discussion
list records and electronic resource files. The study found that the case analysis task raised learners’ awareness of design
approaches and project management strategies, and that discussion and reflection play critical roles in developing students’
understanding. The study also highlighted some limitations of the case approach, suggesting the need for strategies that support
learners’ thinking and reasoning. 相似文献
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Problem-solving skills and understanding of domain, knowledge (e.g., fighting misconceptions) are important goals in both
secondary and tertiary science education. A prototype of an instructional task is presented which aims at improved problem-solving
skills based on understanding of domain knowledge. In this task, comparing carefully selected solved problems by groups of
students is utilised as a learning activity for the acquisition of adequate problem schemata. The task is designed as a part
of the so-called UBP-program (UBP=Understanding Based Problem solving) currently being developed, for education in science.
The result of an evaluative study for the field of mechanics is presented. The UBP-task appears apt to improve problem-solving
skills at a less advanced level of physics education (e.g., 10th grade), especially for students normally performing poorly—who
are often girls. 相似文献
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This paper explores the development of students’ knowledge of mathematical procedures. Students’ tendency to develop rote knowledge of procedures has been widely commented on. An alternative, more flexible endpoint for the development of procedural knowledge is explored here, where students choose to deviate from established solving patterns on particular problems for greater efficiency. Students with no prior knowledge of formal linear equation solving techniques were taught the basic transformations of this domain. After instruction, students engaged in problem-solving sessions in two conditions. Treatment students completed the “alternative ordering task,” where they were asked to re-solve a previously completed problem but using a different ordering of transformations. Those completing alternative ordering tasks demonstrated greater flexibility. 相似文献
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Research has shown that female students cannot profit as much as male students can from cooperative learning in physics, especially in mixed-gender dyads. This study has explored the influence of partner gender on female students’ learning achievement, interaction and the problem-solving process during cooperative learning. In Shanghai, a total of 50 students (26 females and 24 males), drawn from two classes of a high school, took part in the study. Students were randomly paired, and there were three research groups: mixed-gender dyads (MG), female–female dyads (FF) and male–male dyads (MM). Analysis of students’ pre- and post-test performances revealed that female students in the single-gender condition solved physics problems more effectively than did those in the mixed-gender condition, while the same was not the case for male students. We further explored the differences between female and male communication styles, and content among the three research groups. It showed that the females’ interaction content and problem-solving processes were more sensitive to partner gender than were those for males. This might explain why mixed-gender cooperation in physics disadvantages females in high schools. 相似文献
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Yanjie Song 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2018,66(4):979-1008
The paper reports on an empirical study adopting a mixed research method, aiming at improving primary students’ collaborative problem solving competency in project-based learning with productive failure (PF) instructional design in a seamless learning environment. Two Grade Six classes participated in a project-based learning of “Plant Adaptations”. In Class 1 with 27 students, the project-based learning was conducted with PF instructional design; in Class 2 with 26 students, the project-based learning was conducted without PF instructional design. The learning activities spanned across farm, class, home and online spaces supported by mobile devices. Data collection includes various students’ created artifacts in groups in the inquiry process, student reflections, student focus group interviews and pre- and post-domain tests. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods were employed. The research findings show that compared to Class 2, the students in Class 1 gained deeper understanding of conceptual knowledge and produced better group artifacts in collaborative problem-solving quality than those in Class 2; and the students in Class 1 were more positive in facing the challenges in their project-based learning process, and developed a sense of ownership of their learning. The findings imply that PF instructional design is conducive to developing primary students’ collaborative solving competency in science learning in a seamless learning environment. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to investigate those factors influencing performance in solving story problems in a web-based environment. A situational simulation, “Hiking across Estonia,” was explored by two samples of voluntary groups of students, comprising 65 and 50 groups, respectively. They solved 25 ecological and environmental story problems and filled in a pre-test and post-test that evaluated problem-solving skills. The groups were clustered according to their characteristics and performance into five clusters: “slow learners,”“quick learners,”“successful learners,”“smart learners,” and “ineffective learners.” The clusters were provided with different types of supportive notes and the sequence of problems was rearranged according to the students' initial results in the first four problem-solving tasks. These treatments demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the outcome in solving story problems in small groups. The main factors determining the effectiveness of problem solving were: (i) time spent on learning; (ii) initial skills in problem-solving; (iii) the presence of support in enhancing situation awareness; (iv) graduated problem tasks sequenced on the basis of complexity and difficulty; (v) ratio of genders in a learning group. However, the importance of these factors depended on the cluster and, therefore, it can be concluded that the design of problem-solving instruction has to be adapted according to the clusters' characteristics. 相似文献
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马志强 《集美大学学报(教育科学版》2014,(1):53-58
基于问题解决的网络协作学习越来越受到CSCL领域研究者的重视。本研究利用设计研究的方法,设计并实施了一轮基于问题解决协作学习活动。数据分析显示50％以上的学习者认为问题解决网络协作学习活动可以发展他们的问题解决能力,并使之获得丰富的在线学习体验。学习者对任务和问题设计的满意度较高,对资源、工具及角色的满意度相对较低。设计存在的主要问题在于角色之间缺乏有效衔接,以至于不同角色的学习者难以协作完成任务。资源与工具缺乏使用提示,以至于学习者难于将资源与工具与具体的学习任务进行整合。 相似文献
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Kumar Laxman 《Instructional Science》2011,39(6):881-900
Solving real-world problems is an effective learning activity that promotes meaningful learning in formal educational settings.
Problems can be classified as being either well structured or ill structured. Internet information search approaches have
an influential role to play in the successful performance of problem solving. A better understanding of how students differentially
model information search strategies and movements in tackling well- and ill-structured problems is essential for creating
engaging problem-solving environments for students. Static measures, such as the number of accessed nodes or links, or the
number of times particular web browser function buttons are clicked, are limited in their ability to analyze attributes of
information search patterns. A more dynamic and spatial representation of web movements and navigational patterns can be realized
through the use of navigational paths as data. The two path-specific structural metrics that can be used to assess network-based
navigational paths in relation to the structuredness of the problem-solving task are compactness and stratum. These metrics are, respectively, the indicators of the connectedness and linearity of network-based structures defining students’ online navigational visitations during the problem-solving sessions. This
study explored the relevance and utility of these two metrics in analyzing the navigational movements of learners in seeking
out electronic information to accomplish successful problem solving. The outcome findings of this study show that well- and
ill-structured problems demand different cognitive and information seeking navigational approaches. The differing values of
the two path metrics in analyzing the search movements organized by students in attending to well- and ill-structured problems
were a direct result of the contrasting patterns of navigational path movements. The search patterns associated with well-structured
problem solving tended to be more linear and less connected, whereas those related to ill-structured problem solving were
more distributed and inter-connected. 相似文献
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Tobin White 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2009,72(1):17-37
This paper introduces an applied problem-solving task, set in the context of cryptography and embedded in a network of computer-based
tools. This designed learning environment engaged students in a series of collaborative problem-solving activities intended
to introduce the topic of functions through a set of linked representations. In a classroom-based study, students were asked
to imagine themselves as cryptanalysts, and to collaborate with the other members of their small group on a series of increasingly
difficult problem-solving tasks over several sessions. These tasks involved decrypting text messages that had been encrypted
using polynomial functions as substitution ciphers. Drawing on the distinction between viewing functions as processes and
as objects, the paper presents a detailed analysis of two groups’ developing fluency with regard to these tasks, and of the
aspects of the function concept underlying their problem-solving approaches. Results of this study indicated that different
levels of expertise with regard to the task environment reflected and required different aspects of functions, and thus represented
distinct opportunities to engage those different aspects of the function concept. 相似文献
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Rustam Shadiev Wu-Yuin Hwang Tzu-Yu Liu 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2018,66(4):893-912
A learning activity supported by a mobile multimedia learning system (MMLS) was designed in this study. We aimed to test the effectiveness of the learning activity to enhance autonomous language learning in quasi-experimental Study 1 using a pretest/posttest design. Two groups participated in the learning activity: the students in a control group (n = 27) completed the activity using traditional approach whereas the students in an experimental group (n = 26) completed the activity using MMLS. The results of Study 1 showed that the experimental students outperformed their counterparts on the post-test (F = 29.602, p < 0.005, partial eta-squared = 0.372). In a non-experimental Study 2, the experimental students (n = 26) were assigned two learning tasks, the first task was completed individually and the second task in collaboration. We aimed to investigate which learning approach to complete tasks (i.e. individual vs. collaborative) enhances learning performance better by comparing students’ scores on two tasks. In addition, we explored students’ perceptions towards MMLS. The results of Study 2 showed that the students had better learning performance when they completed tasks in collaboration than individually. The results also showed that the students had high perceptions towards MMLS. Based on our results, we make suggestions and provide directions for future research. 相似文献
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Marilyn P. Carlson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1999,40(3):237-258
This study investigated the mathematical behavior of graduate students and the experiences that contributed to their mathematical development and success. Their problem-solving behavior was observed while completing complex mathematical tasks, and their beliefs were assessed by administering a written survey. These graduate students report that a mentor, most frequently a high school teacher, facilitated the development of their problem solving abilities and continued mathematical study. The mentors were described as individuals who provided challenging problems, encouragement, and assistance in learning how to approach complex problems. When confronted with an unfamiliar task, these graduate students exhibited exceptional persistence and high confidence. Their initial problem solving attempts were frequently to classify the problem as one of a familiar type, and they were not always effective in accessing recently taught information or monitoring their solution attempts, but were careful to offer only solutions that had a logical foundation. These results provide numerous insights into the complexities of using and extending one's mathematical knowledge and suggest that non-cognitive factors play a prominent role in a student's mathematical success.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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This article presents a designed learning environment intended to engage students in learning about the relationships among multiple representations as they work together on a shared task. Over the course of several extended problem-solving sessions, groups developed several successive alignments of participants and representations as they learned to solve increasingly difficult tasks. Our findings highlight the emergent and often unexpected meanings that learners established for representational tools as their groups reorganized into increasingly effective problem-solving ensembles. Our findings echo those of prior research regarding learners' considerable competence and creativity in interpreting and applying distributed representational tools, as well as the careful coordination among learners involved in establishing and acting on those interpretations. Challenges in this design space include instances in our data where students capitalized on connections among representations without really trying to understand those connections, temporarily undermined the distributed character of the representations, and worked more efficiently by reducing the number of participants actively involved in breaking codes. Our findings indicate that managing these challenges requires presenting groups with regular opportunities to reconsider and reorganize their roles, and to experiment with different meanings and uses of flexible tools in the context of tasks with carefully sequenced levels of difficulty. 相似文献
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This research investigated 68 secondary school students’ perceptions of their computer-mediated project-based learning environment
and their attitudes towards Project Work (PW) using two instruments—Project Work Classroom Learning Environment Questionnaire
(PWCLEQ) and Project Work Related Attitudes Instrument (PWRAI). In this project-based learning environment, students experienced
a face-to-face classroom setting and e-learning by using a synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) tool called ‘iCollaborate’
for online communication and project collaboration with peers from other countries. The PWCLEQ and PWRAI instruments were
used to evaluate the computer-mediated project-based learning environment using students’ perceptions of the learning environment
and to further investigate how their perceptions might affect their attitudes towards PW lessons. Students perceived the computer-mediated
project-based learning environment favourably but they preferred to experience more Material Environment and more Open-Endedness
and Social Presence. Simple correlation analysis revealed that all environment dimensions were significantly and positively
related to the students’ attitudes towards PW, while multiple regression analysis indicated that two scales, Instructor Support
and Social Presence, were the strongest predictors of attitudes towards PW lessons. 相似文献
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E. Walsh G. Dall'Alba J. Bowden E. Martin F. Marton G. Masters P. Ramsden A. Stephanou 《科学教学研究杂志》1993,30(9):1133-1148
It is important that students of physics develop both quantitative and qualitative understanding of physical concepts and principles. Although accuracy and reliability in solving quantitative problems is necessary, a qualitative understanding is required in applying concepts and principles to new problems and in real-life situations. If students are not able to understand what underlies quantitative problem-solving procedures nor interpret the solution in physical terms, it is questionable whether they have developed an adequate understanding of physics. The research reported here is part of a larger phenomenographic study that is concerned with the assessment of physics students' understanding of some basic concepts and principles in kinematics. In this article students' understanding of the concept of relative speed is described. A variety of ways of understanding relative speed and of viewing a problem that dealt with this concept were uncovered. The results are used to suggest ways for teachers to proceed in assisting students to enhance their understanding of this concept. The teaching principles outlined concern both teaching relative speed, in particular, and teaching scientific concepts and principles, more generally. 相似文献
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Accurately determining when students are having difficulty with cognitive tasks is important in educational settings. This study investigated whether college students emitted observable displays of cognitive difficulty when engaged in solitary problem-solving tasks. Participants high and low in self-monitoring tendencies were videotaped while solving both hard and easy problems. Ten-second segments of the videotapes were rated for displayed difficulty levels. Results indicate that college students do emit nonverbal displays indicating task difficulty: Students' displayed significantly less difficulty while solving easy problems than while solving hard problems. Results also indicated that the difficulty displays of low self-monitors were more discernible than the difficulty displays of high self-monitors. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. 相似文献
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Accuracy of students’ judgments of learning (JOLs) plays an important role in self-regulated learning. Most studies on JOL accuracy have focused on learning word pairs and text but problems-solving tasks are also very important in education. This study investigated whether children in grade 3 could differentiate in their JOLs between problem-solving tasks that varied in complexity. Participants (N = 76, 8–10 years old) engaged in solving four arithmetic problems, rated mental effort invested in each problem, gave either immediate or delayed JOLs, and completed a test containing isomorphic problems. The negative correlation that was found between invested mental effort and JOLs suggested that children's JOLs are sensitive to differences in complexity of the problem-solving tasks. Results on the relative and absolute accuracy of JOLs showed that immediate JOLs were numerically higher than delayed JOLs, and relative accuracy of immediate JOLs was moderately accurate, whereas delayed JOLs were not. 相似文献
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While Physics Education Research has a rich tradition of problem-solving scholarship, most of the work has focused on more traditional, well-defined problems. Less work has been done with ill-structured problems, problems that are better aligned with the engineering and design-based scenarios promoted by the Next Generation Science Standards. This study explored the relationship between physics content knowledge and ill-structured problem solving for two groups of high school students with different levels of content knowledge. Both groups of students completed an ill-structured problem set, using a talk-aloud procedure to narrate their thought process as they worked. Analysis of the data focused on identifying students’ solution pathways, as well as the obstacles that prevented them from reaching “reasonable” solutions. Students with more content knowledge were more successful reaching reasonable solutions for each of the problems, experiencing fewer obstacles. These students also employed a greater variety of solution pathways than those with less content knowledge. Results suggest that a student’s solution pathway choice may depend on how she perceives the problem. 相似文献