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1.
Copyright piracy on the university campus: Trends and lessons from the software and music industries
Abstract In a 1996–7 survey of students at three public universities and one private liberal arts college, Chiang and Assane (2002) found that 53 per cent of the sample admitted to software piracy. Though this is a staggering percentage, over the past five years the public focus on copyright piracy among young technology savvy users, particularly university students, has shifted from software to music piracy via file sharing and CD reproduction. This paper studies the characteristics of these industries along with recent technological advances affecting them. We analyze how economic incentives to reduce piracy on the university campus have been successful for the software indus‐ try, and how the lack of such incentives in the music industry has caused a larger piracy issue today. Based on these findings, we discuss possible solutions to reducing music piracy on the university campus. 相似文献
2.
Fons Wijnhoven 《媒体管理杂志》2013,15(3):173-181
Abstract The Internet provides a challenge to existing media structures and cultural values, particularly in the distribution of recorded music. Peer‐to‐peer (P2P) file‐sharing sites like Napster and KaZaA have facilitated the widespread downloading of unlicensed music and the creation of a new kind of shared culture. In response, the established music industry is simultaneously attempting to undermine the impact of these exchanges (describing them as theft) and to take advantage of the possibilities of the Internet in reducing distribution costs and offering the possibility of a more direct relationship between labels and consumers. By drawing on both historical and contemporary analyses of the music industry, this article critiques the argument that digital downloads are necessarily hurting legal’ record sales and then problematises dominant definitions of piracy. The article then evaluates the evolving strategies of the major record companies as they try to come to terms with P2P culture and concludes that, while they may have the resources and the legal clout to withstand the challenge, they lack the cultural capital embodied in these new decentralised systems of cultural distribution and consumption. 相似文献
3.
Harald Fivelsdal 《媒体管理杂志》2013,15(3-4):121-126
Peer-to-peer file sharing of music over the Internet is perceived as a major threat to the international recording industry. This article proposes a novel response to this issue and contrasts this proposed approach with the response of the recording industry to date. The author suggests that piracy could be reduced by changing the distribution of music to an application service provider (ASP) model. Consumers would pay to use software residing on a remote server to play downloaded files but would not possess a complete copy of a physical product that could be reproduced. By selling music as an application, the industry could exercise tighter control over the security of its product without attempting to secure every computer, music player, and CD manufactured. The ASP approach would also limit infringement to the much more serious crime of hacking a corporate server and would eliminate the need to sue large numbers of otherwise law abiding consumers. 相似文献
4.
This article analyzes the interdependency between the market for music recordings on the one side and the market for concert tickets on the other side, assuming that there are positive indirect network effects both from the record market to ticket sales for live performances and vice versa. In a model with two interrelated Hotelling lines, prices in both markets are corrected downward when compared to the standard Hotelling model. In the integrated business model, file sharing has an ambiguous effect on firms' profitability. As file sharing can indirectly increase demand for live performances, overall profits can either increase or decrease, depending on the strength of indirect network effects. Finally, file sharing may induce firms to switch from the traditional business model with two separate firms to an integrated business model where one agency markets both records and concerts (so-called 360° deals). 相似文献
5.
Rebekah E. Moore 《亚洲交流杂志》2013,23(4):368-385
In Indonesia, the Internet has reshaped music industry praxis, particularly artist marketing and promotion. It is also a primary resource for artistic inspiration, providing musicians and producers with unprecedented access to recording artists worldwide. Finally, for the nation's top musicians, the Internet can lead to national and even international recognition, by means independent of – and even superior to – the production, distribution, or promotional support Indonesia's major record labels can provide. Answering Lysloff's call that examinations of digital media should consider how and why they are meaningful,this qualitative analysis examines the Internet practices consultants believe have radically reshaped Indonesia's national music industry and advanced its global impact. Particularly among the nation's self-described non-mainstream or independent music professionals, the Internet has revolutionized professional and social communication. Furthermore, through online intellectual critique, individual contributors also debate artistic ideals, as well as broader social and political problems. The Internet, thus, circumscribes a network of musically and socially likeminded individuals who engage in thoughtful debate about the arts and society in a presumably safe and egalitarian environment. There are limits to the Internet's equanimity and its users’ abilities to secure artistic and intellectual independence; however, spatial proximity to the music industry's epicenter in Jakarta, rhetorical dexterity in Internet correspondence, and Internet legislation all pose particular challenges to the democratization of Indonesia's independent music industry network and the professional and social relationships that happen through its channels. 相似文献
6.
盗版一直是制约我国出版业发展的瓶颈,图书盗版贯穿于出版产业链的各个环节,盗版者、出版社和作者三个利益主体之间在图书市场竞合,形成典型的三方博弈。政府的介入改变原有均衡,且政府在打击盗版力度上的差异会达到三种不同的均衡状态。只有当政府打击盗版的力度足够大时,图书盗版三方博弈才能达到最佳均衡。 相似文献
7.
Advertising has an important role in the media industry. In a context where advertising generates a negative externality for viewers, this article analyzes the factors explaining ad prices in free TV empirically. This article also considers the participation of government-owned broadcasters in the Spanish market. This study finds that private ownership is associated with higher advertising prices. The results show a positive relation between audience size and ad price and a negative relation between ad price and advertising time. In addition, this study finds that higher prices are associated with the percentage of the population between 14 and 29 years old and the regional gross domestic product per capita in the broadcast area. 相似文献
8.
Sumiko Asai 《Journal of Media Economics》2013,26(2):81-101
This article analyzes the sales patterns of audio recordings in the Japanese popular music market using the Bass model and its restricted model. First, the results of this investigation show that the majority of recent hit music was sold in the early stage of the sales cycle, and that the timing of purchase has shifted toward the time of release during the period from 1980 to 2005. Second, audio recordings featuring debut artists and unpopular artists sold slowly, compared with the audio recordings featuring popular artists. Third, sales of audio recordings released by independent record companies have also become concentrated in the early stage. 相似文献
9.
《Journalism Practice》2013,7(1):80-95
Piracy off Somalia's coast has gained the imagination of the public and the attention of the media. Using critical discourse analysis, this paper considers stories about Somali piracy on the international BBC news website. A twin analysis is undertaken to determine how those involved in piracy and their actions are represented as well as how macro-discursive strategies of legitimation are employed. An historical contextualisation of Somalia and piracy complements the analysis. These analyses reveal how news stories do not focus on Somalis but on negative representations of pirates and positive representations of Western military powers. A number of linguistic strategies are identified that emphasise Western powers and articulate discourses that legitimate the continuing presence and actions of Western militaries. These discourses are drawn upon at the expense of discourses sympathetic to the plight of Somalis. These findings not only call into question the BBC's claims to objectivity, but also highlight the fact that stories do not promote conditions suitable for an end to piracy. 相似文献
10.
Kevin Taylor 《Learned Publishing》2006,19(4):259-266
Examples of ‘plagiarism’ and ‘piracy’ are explored in the context of copyright legislation, and the practical role of ‘fair dealing’ is examined. The article shows how a tension exists at the heart of copyright: that between the ‘right of protection’ and the ‘right of communication’. It argues that this tension produces a business dynamic which publishers can exploit to their advantage and which means that piracy (even, and perhaps especially, in the electronic realm) can be regarded more as an opportunity than as a threat. 相似文献
11.
We conducted a survey of radio station program directors and general managers to explore the perception and role of innovation within radio programming and the key factors that influence this perception. In the study, we found that, in general, programmers and general managers perceive little innovation in programming except at their own stations. Results also indicate perceptions that more risk taking is needed in radio programming, that risk taking is essential for the financial health of a station, that increased artist diversity and an innovative music rotation influence the perception of innovation at the station level, and that too many commercials are being placed within an average hour of programming. 相似文献
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13.
Abstract The music business is facing hard times with declining CD sales and increasing piracy. Whereas the economic downturn is one reason for lower sales, the industry has decided to target the second factor, the fast diffusion of technologies such as CD burners and peer‐to‐peer networks like KaZaA allowing massive illegal distribution of music. Some labels focused on an offensive strategy to promote their artists. New services are being added to so called Enhanced CDs that create a new user experience. These CDs offer bonus content (i.e. videos, additional songs, pictures, or lyrics) stored directly on the CD that can be accessed on the PC. Other CDs offer (additionally) online access to actual bonus content or services (i.e. tour dates or news) if the CD is entered in the FC. The impact of these services on consumer experience has not yet been researched in depth and it remains unclear if consumers actually use the offered services on Enhanced CDs. The music label Arista has introduced several new albums on Enhanced CDs to the market providing more value to the user instead of reducing the utility by focusing only on copy protection. This article analyzes the usage of such services provided by Arista and focuses on Santana's new album “Shaman”;. Using a unique data set provided byfavakitty Media (Bandlirik) and Arista, we show for the first time what services are actually used by Santana fans and compare the results to albums of other artists such as TIC or Toni Braxton. Our results indicate that Enhanced CDs are used frequently by a relatively small group of fans, providing more value to the customer and creating a stronger relation between fans and artists. 相似文献
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15.
《媒体管理杂志》2013,15(4):182-192
Music majors, who have been suffering from dwindling revenues in their core business, are placing extraordinary hopes on the new market of over-the-air (OTA) downloads. However, until now there has been no broad academic discussion about this market. In particular, two central questions have not yet been addressed: (a) Which factors influence the success of music majors in the OTA-download market?, and (b) How can music majors increase their success in this market? To answer these questions, this study used a holistic research approach, which combines an economical and a sociological perspective. This study first identified the drivers for the success in the OTA-download market and analyzed these factors in 1 large-scale survey (n = 1,780) in Germany and a series of expert interviews. Subsequently, a mathematical Excel-based tool was constructed and data optimization techniques from operations research were applied to derive the optimal mix of strategic measures that maximizes the success of music majors in the German OTA-download market. Finally, recommendations for implementing these strategic measures are presented. This explorative study provides a systematic understanding of the general factors driving success in any OTA-download market. Therefore, there is hope that it will be relevant for both German and international scholars and managers. 相似文献
16.
本文首先简要介绍了经济学中的外部性有关概念,进而从网络出版产业外部性的含义和表现类型以及其外部性使得市场机制无效率的分析中,论述了当前网络出版政府必须进行有效管理的理论依据;在此基础上,文章具体阐述了市场经济条件下政府对网络出版产业进行管理的两类措施。 相似文献
17.
Claudia Wilhelm 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2020,64(2):320-340
ABSTRACT Digital piracy is perceived as a victimless crime and therefore still challenges media industries. According to the neutralization theory, criminal behavior is more likely if individuals are able to justify it. As little is known about inhibitors and drivers of these cognitive processes, the current study investigated such preconditions by linking neutralization to social norms and content preferences (movies and series) in order to explain piracy attitudes and behavior. Results of an online survey which adopted a conjoint-task showed that attitudes toward digital piracy mediate neutralization effects on digital piracy behavior. Injunctive norms and the preference for independent movies foster neutralization effects. 相似文献
18.
中学生作为在数字阅读市场中占有较高比重的用户群体,其版权意识相对薄弱,数字盗版行为频发。与此同时,我国数字版权教育面临版权文化土壤根基贫乏、数字版权市场利益现实抑制和网络传播催化盗版泛滥三大困境。而时代需求和发展导向的深刻变化,如知识产权战略、"双创"政策驱动、大数据时代与人工智能等,也为中学生的数字版权教育树立新观念、转变新思路提供了契机和平台。具言之,教育者应立足实现在教育理念上不添加课程负担与数字版权意识培养并行;在教育内容上数字版权经济化教育与数字版权法治化教育并进;在教育手段上现实书本版权教育与虚拟技术版权教育并举;在教育环境上课堂、家庭数字版权教育与社会数字版权教育并施的教育转向。 相似文献
19.
网络环境下盗版传播的便捷化、普遍化,对在线教育视频版权保护提出了新挑战。基于网络服务提供者责任规范不合理,惩罚性赔偿制度不健全,缺乏私人复制网络盗版行为的立法规制,作品类型界定不统一,维权举证难、成本高等因素,著作权人在打击在线教育视频网络盗版中处于不利境地,盗版泛滥难以有效遏制。建议通过明确在线教育视频为录音录像制品、细化平台责任要件、明确私人复制盗版在线视频构成侵权、疏通惩罚性赔偿制度实施路径等举措,从多方面遏制在线教育视频网络盗版行为。 相似文献
20.
Using data for 320 radio stations operating in the 50 largest Arbitron metro radio markets during 2004 that offered at least some programming in 1 or more of 19 different foreign languages, strongly positive statistical relations were found between the size of foreign language populations in the radio market and the amount, or variety, of radio programming in their respective language that is available. A preference externality effect was also found: consistently negative relations between the variety of foreign language programming available and size of the English language population. Similar results were found for a measure of programming quality: the percentage of news and talk programming that is locally produced. Conventional wisdom that minority populations tend to be “underserved” by media is generally supported. 相似文献