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俄罗斯电视结构的主要特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
与苏联时期相比 ,俄罗斯电视结构发生了很大变化 ,其中政治因素与经济因素的影响共同存在。并且 ,就俄罗斯电视业的进一步发展而言 ,经济因素所起的作用更为重要。目前 ,在俄罗斯的电视结构中 ,无线电视占据主导地位 ,有线电视与卫星电视发展缓慢 ;电视网参与全国电视市场的竞争 ;国家电视台与商业电视台并存成为俄罗斯电视结构中一个引人注目的现象 ;公共电视台的建立正在酝酿中。 相似文献
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《Journal of Radio & Audio Media》2013,20(2):278-279
This article discusses the development of radio broadcasting in the new Russia that emerged in the years 1991–2011. Changes in radio were part of the larger, complex and controversial process related to major economic, political and social changes in the Russian Federation after the Soviet Union dissolved. Radio programming developed to reflect the new political, social and public lives of the Russian people. The analysis examines the functioning of state, public, and private radio, and their competition for audience, the role of radio advertising, and programming broadcast content. The article shows that there has been the formation of a new type of free, uncensored journalism with experienced radio journalists experiencing a new environment. 相似文献
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转型期俄罗斯新闻业透视 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
自苏联解体以来的“社会转型期” ,俄罗斯新闻业经历了一场裂变 ,死而复生 ,却又命运多舛。具体体现在 :管理模式从垂直管理到平行管理 ,媒体性质从事业单位到商业机构 ,媒体角色从印刷媒体唱主角到电子媒体唱主角 ,新闻理念从马列主义到西方理论。作者通过对以上变化的分析 ,探明俄罗斯政治变革乃至整个俄罗斯社会运行的轨迹 相似文献
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This article examines the relationship between public opinionand the transformation of the Soviet Union. Results of an August1990 survey showed that the majority of adults supported democraticreform, but lacked confidence in the Soviet regime. Young andmiddle-aged people, urban residents, and those with higher educationtended to be more supportive of democratic reform and more alienatedfrom the regime. The nationalities differed widely in supportfor democratic reform and confidence in the regime. In the partlydemocratized political system, Boris Yeltsin acquired a broadfollowing by appealing to the electorate and advocating radicalchange. A February 1991 poll showed that his support was greatestamong Russians who backed the Russian parliament and stronglyendorsed democratic reform and private enterprise. With suchbacking, Yeltsin won the June 1991 Russian presidential electionand then mobilized popular opposition to the August coup attempt.The coup's failure dealt a fatal blow to Communist rule, Gorbachev'sleadership, and the Soviet Union itself. 相似文献
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随着本国政治经济体制改革，俄罗斯出版业也随之变化。从解体后的没落，到新世纪后的慢慢崛起，对于现在的俄罗斯来说，图书出版和销售市场仍然潜力巨大。高度发达的图书事业仍是俄罗斯文化最鲜明的特点之一。 相似文献
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Kazakhstan became independent after the fall of the Soviet Union and began the process of recovering Kazakh traditions and establishing a unique identity as a country. Key to this effort is establishing the Kazakh language as a titular or state language. At the time of independence an overwhelming majority of Kazakhstan’s population spoke Russian, which remains strong today. The state requires that Kazakh is spoken in at least 50% of all radio broadcasts, and state-sponsored radio takes the lead in this effort. Interviews were conducted with key members of Kazakhstan’s radio industry to learn the role of radio in establishing a state language and the challenges they face doing so. Interviewees were passionate about their role in re-establishing Kazakh culture through language, but the dominance of Russian language radio and a shifting media and language environment continue to present roadblocks. 相似文献
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《期刊图书馆员》2013,64(2-3):131-149
A call slip analysis for the years 1985 through September 1988 was conductcd in the Slavic and Baltic Division of the New York Public Library in order to determine the usage of the Current Periodical and Newspaper Collection by the Division's patrons. The conclusion of this analysis was that the most read materials were newspapers published in Russian. It confirmed findings of earlier studies on Russian or Soviet readership that newspapers are the primary source of information about current events in the Soviet Union for Russian readers. Russian emigres constitute a majority of the Division's patrons. 相似文献
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Jane Chapman 《Media History》2015,21(3):238-251
Within the cut-throat world of newspaper advertising the newspapers of Britain's Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) Votes for Women and the Suffragette managed to achieve a balance that has often proved to be an impossible challenge for social movement press—namely the maintenance of a highly political stance whilst simultaneously exploiting the market system with advertising and merchandising. When the militant papers advocated window smashing of West End stores in 1912–1913, the companies who were the target still took advertisements. Why? What was the relationship between news values, militant violence and advertising income? ‘Do-it-yourself’ journalism operated within a context of ethical consumerism and promotionally orientated militancy. This resulted in newspaper connections between politics, commerce and a distinct market profile, evident in the customisation of advertising, retailer dialogue with militants and longer-term loyalty—symptomatic of a wider trend towards newspaper commercialism during this period. 相似文献
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The closure in mid-2001 by Singapore Press Holdings (SPH) of its experimental tabloid newspaper, Project Eyeball, after less than 1 year of publication, was popularly attributed to a pair of market factors: its 80-cent cover price and competition from a pair of free tabloids that entered the market hot on its heels. Although pricing and competition were doubtless important contributing factors to Project Eyeball's rapid demise, a pair of additional economic concepts emerges on closer examination of the newspaper's brief history and may provide additional clues to its failure. One is the principle of relative constancy, which held, until it was disproved in the 1980s, that the level of expenditures on media remained fairly constant as a percentage of the overall economy. The other is the influence on management practices of share prices of publicly traded newspaper companies, into which category SPH falls. Considering these factors in addition to price and competition helps to better explain the rapid demise of Project Eyeball. 相似文献
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Cagdas Agirdas 《Journal of Media Economics》2013,26(3):123-141
With the advent of the Internet, many U.S. metropolitan areas have seen newspaper closures due to declining revenues. This provides the researcher with an opportunity to analyze the microeconomic sources of media bias. This article uses a large panel dataset of newspaper archives for 99 newspapers over 240 months (1990–2009). The author found that, after controlling for the unemployment rate, the change in unemployment rate, and the political preferences of surrounding metropolitan area, conservative newspapers report 17.4% more unemployment news when the President is a Democrat rather than a Republican, before the closure of a rival newspaper in the same media market. This effect is 12.8% for liberal newspapers. After the closure, these numbers are 3.5% and 1.1%, respectively. This moderation of media bias after closure of a rival newspaper is robust to the inclusion of newspaper size, newspaper fixed-effects or metropolitan area fixed-effects as controls. The author also found that newspapers in smaller metropolitan areas have a larger moderation in their bias. Findings provide support for theories in which media bias is demand-driven, as surviving newspapers aim to increase their sales by gaining the former readers of a closed newspaper in the same media market. 相似文献
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苏联解体后俄罗斯图书馆事业研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
论文介绍了苏联解体后俄罗斯的图书馆学专业教育、图书馆法律法规、图书馆学专业期刊,以及图书馆自动化和网络化建设等方面的情况,并对俄罗斯一些知名图书馆的情况进行了专门介绍,旨在给我国图书馆事业的发展带来一些思考与启迪。 相似文献
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《Journal of Radio & Audio Media》2013,20(2):303-311
This article discusses how radio in Kazakhstan changed after the Soviet Union collapsed and market-oriented independent countries emerged. Since independence in 1991, the media, including radio, developed partly as a private enterprise and partly as a government entity with government radio operations controlled by the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Corporation. State radio stations in Kazakhstan are subsidized and operations do not depend on popularity or successful competition for audiences. Commercial stations have found support in advertising and continue to be successful. Although Kazakhstan has been independent for about 20 years and Kazakh stations are successful, the radio market in Kazakhstan is dominated by Russian radio. This article highlights the significant challenge for Kazakh radio as it continues to develop a uniquely Kazakh character that can promote Kazakh language and culture, and successfully attract a Kazakh audience. 相似文献
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以瑞典《地铁报》为代表的免费报纸的成长给全世界的传统付费报纸带来了机遇与挑战。传统付费报纸与免费报纸存在着竞争与合作。本文对传统付费报纸和免费报纸的竞争战略进行分析,指出以瑞典《地铁报》为代表的免费报纸采取了蓝海战略,与付费报纸并没有在同一市场上进行有限资源的争夺,而是服务于不同的细分市场。同时,本文还对免费报纸与传统付费报纸进行优势、劣势、机会与威胁的分析,并在此基础上分析传统付费报纸的相应竞争战略,此外本文还根据市场机会的大小,传统付费报纸对免费报纸市场的态度等方面,分析在实践中传统付费报纸的四种战略。最后,本文指出国外传统付费报纸和免费报纸的竞争战略对我国报业发展的三方面借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Sarah Lonsdale 《Media History》2015,21(3):265-279
The enormous changes wrought in the British newspaper industry during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries brought about a revolution in newspaper reading habits, financing and influence, all aspects of which have been well documented by historians of the press. But what of the contributor, particularly the freelance whose millions of words formed, mostly anonymously, the content of the new mass market press? How did writers negotiate changes in the literary marketplace during this time as editors demanded more ‘news’ and less in the way of whimsical paragraphing, and sketches, the traditional newspaper output of the professional man, or woman, of letters? Through the study of memoirs, correspondence and the fictional output of contributors to the press during this time, it is possible to discern the often fraught relations between writers and their most lucrative market. 相似文献
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Jean-Philippe Accart 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(4):269-273
AbstractThe recent, important events in the ex-Soviet Union have not only been political. The world of libraries has begun to be opened up and the changes have even reached the most famous institutions, such as, for example, the State Central Scientific Medical Library in Moscow, which is at the head of a network of scientific and research libraries, and has created the first Russian scientific database. This article was written after the congress of the IFLA (International Federation of Librarian Associations) in August 1991. 相似文献
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俄罗斯图书馆学学术思想源流与方法论思想历史嬗变的理论反思——关于21世纪图书馆学方法论体系及相关问题的若干思考之四 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
早期俄罗斯图书馆学学术思想就已经具备了宏观图书馆学和理论图书馆学的基本属性,为后世形成俄罗斯自己的图书馆学学术传统奠定了历史基础和学术思想基础。作为一种宏观图书馆学和理论图书馆学的学术视野,其研究方法必然突破图书馆内部作业的实用局限。早期俄罗斯和前苏联图书馆学通过对社会学、教育学、心理学等各相关学科研究方法的采用,取得了举世瞩目的学术成就。当代俄罗斯图书馆学呈现一种多元化的发展态势。俄罗斯图书馆学学术传统与美国图书馆学学术传统虽然在具体内容和具体研究方法上有某些相通之处,但在整体上却有根本的差异。因此可为深入研究图书馆学方法论理论和构建21世纪图书馆学方法论体系提供极有价值的学术参考。 相似文献
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本文以免费报纸作为探讨的对象,时免费报纸的兴起与发展、国外的免费报纸发展状况及我国的免费报纸发展各自进行了评述.在此基础上用理论的视野对免费报纸出现的原因、免费报纸作为营销手段,作为报业环境变化的应对之策等层面进行分析;最后提出了免费报纸持续性发展的展望. 相似文献