共查询到6条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
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Sutter PS 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2007,98(4):724-754
This essay examines the role that entomological workers played in U.S. public health efforts during the construction of the Panama Canal (1904-1914). Entomological workers were critical to mosquito control efforts aimed at the reduction of tropical fevers such as malaria. But in the process of studying vector mosquitoes, they discovered that many of the conditions that produced mosquitoes were not intrinsic to tropical nature per se but resulted from the human-caused environmental disturbances that accompanied canal building. This realization did not mesh well with an American ideology of tropical triumphalism premised on the notion that the Americans had conquered unalloyed tropical nature in Panama. The result, however, was not a coherent counternarrative but a set of intra-administrative tensions over what controlling nature meant in Panama. Ultimately, entomological workers were loyal not just to the U.S. imperial mission in Panama but also to a modernist culture of science and to the workings of mosquito ecology as they understood them. 相似文献
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Fabio Fossa 《Ethics and Information Technology》2018,20(2):115-126
The aim of this paper is to offer an analysis of the notion of artificial moral agent (AMA) and of its impact on human beings’ self-understanding as moral agents. Firstly, I introduce the topic by presenting what I call the Continuity Approach. Its main claim holds that AMAs and human moral agents exhibit no significant qualitative difference and, therefore, should be considered homogeneous entities. Secondly, I focus on the consequences this approach leads to. In order to do this I take into consideration the work of Bostrom and Dietrich, who have radically assumed this viewpoint and thoroughly explored its implications. Thirdly, I present an alternative approach to AMAs—the Discontinuity Approach—which underscores an essential difference between human moral agents and AMAs by tackling the matter from another angle. In this section I concentrate on the work of Johnson and Bryson and I highlight the link between their claims and Heidegger’s and Jonas’s suggestions concerning the relationship between human beings and technological products. In conclusion I argue that, although the Continuity Approach turns out to be a necessary postulate to the machine ethics project, the Discontinuity Approach highlights a relevant distinction between AMAs and human moral agents. On this account, the Discontinuity Approach generates a clearer understanding of what AMAs are, of how we should face the moral issues they pose, and, finally, of the difference that separates machine ethics from moral philosophy. 相似文献
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Donald Gotterbarn 《Ethics and Information Technology》1999,1(2):147-154
The positive qualities of the Internet--anonymity, openness, and reproducibility have added a new ethical dimension to the privacy debate. This paper describes a new and significant way in which privacy is violated. A type of personal information, called virtual information is described and the effectiveness of techniques to protect this type of information is examined. This examination includes a discussion of technical approaches and professional standards as ways to address this violation of virtual information. 相似文献
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Developing artificial agents worthy of trust: “Would you buy a used car from this artificial agent?”
There is a growing literature on the concept of e-trust and on the feasibility and advisability of “trusting” artificial agents. In this paper we present an object-oriented model
for thinking about trust in both face-to-face and digitally mediated environments. We review important recent contributions
to this literature regarding e-trust in conjunction with presenting our model. We identify three important types of trust
interactions and examine trust from the perspective of a software developer. Too often, the primary focus of research in this area has been on the artificial agents and the humans they may encounter
after they are deployed. We contend that the humans who design, implement, and deploy the artificial agents are crucial to
any discussion of e-trust and to understanding the distinctions among the concepts of trust, e-trust and face-to-face trust. 相似文献
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We argue that the notion of trust, as it figures in an ethical context, can be illuminated by examining research in artificial
intelligence on multi-agent systems in which commitment and trust are modeled. We begin with an analysis of a philosophical
model of trust based on Richard Holton’s interpretation of P. F. Strawson’s writings on freedom and resentment, and we show
why this account of trust is difficult to extend to artificial agents (AAs) as well as to other non-human entities. We then
examine Margaret Urban Walker’s notions of “default trust” and “default, diffuse trust” to see how these concepts can inform
our analysis of trust in the context of AAs. In the final section, we show how ethicists can improve their understanding of
important features in the trust relationship by examining data resulting from a classic experiment involving AAs. 相似文献