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1.
以首批"985工程"高校卓越学术论文中国内合作与国际合作论文为样本,从通讯作者身份、第一作者身份维度对国际国内两种合作模式下首批"985工程"各校及首批"985工程"高校整体合作效果与合作能力进行了探索,发现:(1)清华大学是唯一一所合作效果各指标均大于1的高校;(2)首批"985工程"高校在国内合作过程中以通讯作者身份参与合作与以第一作者身份参与合作的能力相当;在国际合作过程中以通讯作者身份参与合作的能力高于第一作者身份,但均低于国内合作;(3)首批"985工程"高校应通过加强第一作者身份能力建设获得承担与通讯作者身份职责相关的基本能力与经验。最后,探讨了首批"985工程"高校通过不同合作身份进行合作提升我国国家创新体系建设与高校科研水平的途径。 相似文献
2.
[目的/意义]测度与揭示不同国家被引和未被引作者科研合作社区结构和规模特征演化,为作者选择科研社区与合作伙伴、挖掘合作关系、增强合作交流和探测合作社区主题提供一定的借鉴意义。[方法/过程]文章基于中美英管理学领域2000—2014年的论文数据,全面计量分析了中美英被引和未被引作者合著网络的结构特征、科研社区规模与数量随作者数量阈值增加的演变特征及差异。[结果/结论](1)中国(港澳台地区除外)被引和未被引作者科研社区结构和规模差异极小,都形成了超级科研合作社区,而美英被引和未被引作者科研社区结构和规模差异较大,表明中国被引和未被引作者的科研合作偏好较为一致,倾向融入大规模科研社区进行科研合作。(2)当作者数量阈值不断增大时,中美英被引作者科研合作网络中逐渐形成数量极少但规模较大的超级科研社区,以及数量众多的小规模科研社区,分布规律呈现出典型的马太效应,并且网络结构呈现出稳定且极少的变化。 相似文献
3.
科学合作网络中作者的影响力通常是利用节点的度中心度、中介中心度等指标来测度,或者是利用节点对合作网络连通性的破坏程度来进行衡量.这类测度方法指标单一,未综合考虑多项指标对作者影响力的影响,因而不能完全体现节点在合作网络中影响力的强弱.为避免人为因素对评价过程的干扰,文章采用熵权法确定指标权重,提出基于熵权的灰色关联分析法测度作者影响力,最后以ACM SIGKDD合作网络为例,测度和分析了科学合作网络中具有较强影响力的节点. 相似文献
4.
科研合作网中节点重要性评价方法及实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科研人员的学术评价问题可以建模为科研合作网络中节点重要性的测度问题。用学术期刊论文的作者信息构建了作者科研合作网络,在此基础上,通过计算网络中节点的权值来评价作者的学术贡献,通过计算与该节点相连的边的权值来评价作者的科研产出能力,最后通过对节点和边的综合考察来判断节点的重要性。实证分析表明,用所提方法进行节点重要性测度,即对科研人员进行学术评价,结果符合实际情况。 相似文献
5.
利用跨学科测度指标,对ISI Web of Knowledge数据库中收录的生物传感器等8个领域的无合作文章、国内合作文章和国际合作文章的跨学科指标进行了深入的计算、比较和分析;研究表明,跨学科指标仅与该领域的特点有关,而与领域文章的不同合作类型关系不大,科研论文合作在跨学科研究中的影响不明显。 相似文献
6.
【目的/意义】探究国家之间科研合作的倾向性、不平等性及空间集聚模式,为促进国家间科研合作提供理
论依据。【方法/过程】以 WoS中 1978-2018年科学计量学领域的合著文献为基础,通过合作强度、合作强度相似度
反映合作的倾向性,基于基尼系数提出合作不平等性测度指标。同时借助全局、局部空间自相关理论分析科研合
作的空间集聚模式。【结果/结论】科学计量学领域的科学研究具有较强的集中趋势;合作不平等性与合作频次呈递
减关系,合作频次越高的国家之间的合作地位越趋于平等;全球范围的合作强度与合作广度均呈显著空间正相关。
欧洲与北美形成了两大科研合作的高-高集聚区,非洲形成了多个低-低集聚区,而亚洲形成了多个低-高或高-低
的异质集聚区。【创新/局限】本文相较地理距离更进一步探究了科研合作的空间相关关系,后续研究中将加入时间
维度分析科研合作的时空演化特征。 相似文献
7.
对现有的八种科研合作计量指标作简要介绍,分析各自的特点和不足。发现目前的计量指标只考虑合作者的数量、合作者的质量和作者间合作关系的质量中的个别因素,均未能全面考虑各种因素。建议计量科研合作可将合作者的数量、合作者的质量和作者间合作关系的质量均加以考虑,并可从不同角度衡量合作者的质量和作者间合作关系的质量。 相似文献
8.
9.
[目的/意义]科学论文的作者合作是科研合作的显著表现形式之一,挖掘和识别潜在作者合作关系,有利于推动科研合作、促进科学进步和发展。[方法/过程]在作者关键词耦合分析方法衡量内容相似度的基础上,融入一定权重的链路预测中基于网络结构的路径相似性指标,综合运用作者研究内容相似度和合作网络结构相似性进行潜在作者合作关系挖掘。[结果/结论]以我国生物医学领域近5年的中文期刊论文作者为对象进行实证分析,结果表明该综合挖掘方法效果相对较好且对既有作者合作关系未来发展的可持续性具有预测意义。 相似文献
10.
检索并下载美国科技情报研究所(ISI)的Web of Science网络平台的文献数据进行计量分析,通过可视化的科学知识图谱和文献共被引网络中的节点突现率指标,探测国际科学合作领域演进的研究前沿。2000年以前的一段时间,国际上科学合作领域的研究前沿问题主要包括:对科学合作的起源、基本概念界定等,科学合作网络的结构、测度与网络模型,国际科学合作的测度和影响因素,医药和卫生领域的科学合作问题等;另一方面,2000年以后,科学合作领域研究前沿主要包括科学合作网络、国际科学合作、社会网络方法与技术、文献计量指标在科学合作研究中的应用等问题。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献