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1.
Kirsten Kristensen Martin Omagor-Loican Negris Onen 《British Journal of Special Education》2003,30(4):194-201
Colleagues in developing countries are required to meet a range of challenges when implementing educationally inclusive policies and practices. In this article, Kirsten Kristensen, clinical phychologist and senior consultant in special needs education and development; Martin Omagor-Loican, commissioner for special needs education, careers guidance and counselling; and Negris Onen, principal education officer in the Ministry of Education and Sports in Uganda, describe work focused on addressing the needs of all learners, including those who experience barriers to learning and development, in ordinary, mainstream school settings. The authors draw upon a study of current attitudes, perceptions and knowledge about trends towards inclusion in Uganda. The findings indicate progress in the introduction and implementation of inclusive policies; improved professional development opportunities for staff concerned with special education at all levels; and relatively positive attitudes towards inclusion. The study also raises concerns, however, about the ways in which the education system is structured and managed in a country where class sizes are enormous and resources are few. The authors make a number of key recommendations for developing mechanisms, structures and capacity in support of inclusion at all levels and report positive and encouraging recent developments. 相似文献
2.
王锦 《现代远程教育研究》2014,(2):76-84
干部教育网络培训在全国范围内纷纷启动,培训规模日益扩大,涌现出多种培训模式。要在扩大培训规模的同时保证培训质量,这对培训机构的支持服务和导学策略提出了更高的要求。西安干部教育在线培训目前主要存在支持服务体系不够完善、导学策略单一、课程内容体系时效性和实用性不足等问题,这反映出干部教育培训机构并没有充分重视干部教育学习者的特征和学习诉求。因此,干部教育培训机构可以首先从人口学特征、支持性特征、动力特征和需求特征四个方面对干部教育学习者的特征进行调查,进而考量培训过程中与学习者密切相关的各项培训环节是否符合学习者的特征与需求,在此基础上再对原有的支持服务、导学策略和课程体系进行调整,以解决干部教育网络培训快速发展面临的瓶颈。具体而言,就是要基于干部教育学习者的特征与需求,制定合适的课程体系和资源建设原则,制定分层次、有重点、有针对性的导学策略,构建立体、多维的支持服务体系。 相似文献
3.
A review of educational policies and procedures in Botswana reveals that inclusion of learners with special educational needs (SENs) in regular classrooms is currently the main policy and school practice. However, there are variations in the way inclusion is being practiced and implemented throughout the country. The purpose of this present study was to examine the experiences of inclusion by learners with SENs in Botswana’s primary schools. Using a qualitative approach, 36 learners with SENs as well as 36 learners without SENs were engaged in twelve focus group discussions from six primary schools. Six focus group were for learners with SENs and the other six were for learners without SENs. Objectives of these focus group interviews were to gather day-to-day experiences of learners in general education classrooms since they were the recipients and participants of an inclusive practice. The findings revealed that although, learners with SENs had positive experiences about inclusion, they equally faced barriers in accessing curriculum. Implications of the findings are discussed in order to promote wider participation for learners with SENs in Botswana primary schools. 相似文献
4.
Increasingly, preservice teachers are required to demonstrate their ability to effectively cater for the needs of a diverse range of learners, including those with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). Higher education institutions (HEI) delivering teacher education programmes are responsible for promoting the development of inclusive practices. This multi-method study assessed the effectiveness of a special school experience for preservice teachers at one HEI in England. A total population sample of 48 preservice teachers completed self-efficacy questionnaires at three time points during their training; and 13 took part in qualitative semi-structured interviews towards the end of the study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) findings from the questionnaire data showed that the experience had a significant positive impact on preservice teachers’ self-efficacy, improving knowledge, understanding and confidence to teach inclusively. A thematic analysis of the qualitative findings revealed that the experience challenged preservice teacher expectations about learners with SEND, developing understanding about learner needs and effective differentiation. This article concludes with recommendations for effective inclusion training for preservice teachers. 相似文献
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6.
IAN C. COPELAND 《Educational studies》1999,25(1):99-111
An exploration of the governmental policy, prison works, and its attendant recidivism provides the general opening. The 1944 Education Act is then taken as furnishing the medical model of personal handicap and deficiency which informed special education at an early stage. The Warnock Report's attempt to shift considerations to educational grounds is examined with a particular focus upon the ensuing definition of special needs and its legacy in legislation following the 1981 Act to the present. Foucault's concept of normalisation is the basis for analysis of the normative elements in the main features of the national curriculum and testing. This latter together with aspects of the 1988 Education Reform Act are examined with regard to their impact upon special educational needs. The conclusions are that 'education works' and the rediscovery of the medical model of personal deficiency. 相似文献
7.
Anastasia Liasidou 《Support for Learning》2013,28(1):11-16
In the light of educational reforms aimed at promoting greater inclusive policies and practices, it is important to put a more pronounced emphasis on the needs of English language learners (ELLs) with special educational needs and/or disabilities. Simultaneously, a focus should also be placed on understanding and dealing with the disproportional representation of English language learners in special education categories. This dual and arguably sometimes mutually reinforcing phenomenon, along with its potential implications for education policy and practice, needs to be discussed against a convergent analytical framework drawn from bilingual and special education. The cross‐fertilisation of these disciplinary fields can provide a multimodal and comprehensive approach to meeting the intersectional needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students with special educational needs. To this end, it is important that issues of culture and language should become indispensable aspects of the special education knowledge base in inclusive classrooms. 相似文献
8.
Joyce Gubbels Karien M. Coppens Inge de Wolf 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2018,22(11):1137-1153
There is a global trend towards including children with special needs in mainstream schools instead of placing them in special schools. However, the numbers of students in special schools varies greatly among regions due to variations in educational systems, funding arrangements – and the incentives that are associated with these arrangements – and demographic trends. In the Netherlands, a new policy aimed at inclusive education was introduced in 2014, together with financial measures to equalise funding for students with special needs across the country. The present study explored the effects of this equalisation policy, as well as the demographic trend of population decline, on dropout rates and participation rates in special education (namely, special schools for mainstream education and schools for special education). The data were retrieved from nation-wide registration systems. The results showed that population decline did not affect participation rates in special education, whereas decreases in funding did result in greater declines in participation rates in special education. Moreover, decreases in funding also resulted in higher dropout rates in areas with growing student populations. Although the reform of funding arrangements resulted in lower participation in special education, higher dropout rates might be a cost of this shift towards inclusive education. 相似文献
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10.
随着特殊教育政策重点转移以及融合教育的发展,特殊需要幼儿评估逐渐由诊断性评估转向发展性评估。在这一背景下形成的美国加利福尼亚州幼儿发展评估工具以进程监控为目的,通过多元动态的方式评估特殊需要幼儿关键领域能力的发展。在评估目的、内容、方式和人员方面各具特点,体现出融合教育背景下特殊需要幼儿发展评估的趋势:监控特殊需要幼儿的进步与发展;多元动态评估方式;评估与教育(干预)实践相结合。 相似文献
11.
曹永 《江苏广播电视大学学报》2013,(6):10-12
开放大学教育以应用型人才培养为目标是国家政策的要求,更是自身持续发展的现实选择。成人学习者对职业技能提升的需求和应用型人才培养的职业技能教育属性,决定了在开放教育中开展职业技能教育是培养应用型人才的有效途径。在开放教育教学体系下开展职业技能教育包括开放大学实体办学的平台搭建,职业性的专业、课程设计和资源整合,“混合型”教学模式设计,“双师型”教师队伍建设以及“学分银行”建设等重要内容。 相似文献
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大力发展继续教育是推动我国由人才大国迈向人才强国转变的基础力量。应以服务终身学习为主旨,进一步明确继续教育的发展定位;以满足多样化学习需求为目的,完善继续教育的体系结构;以学习者为中心,深化继续教育教学改革;以完善制度建设为抓手,加强继续教育的制度建设。 相似文献
13.
美国密歇根州立大学的教师教育项目以培养卓越教师和教师领导者为目标,构建起了以基于满足多样化学习者学习需求的教学专业核心课程、基于实践反思和角色建构的教育实习课程为主体的优质教师教育课程体系,彰显出学会学习、基于研究、反思探究、多元文化、理念引领等特征,凸显出对高质量教学的追求,体现了学习中心取向、专业发展取向、多元文化取向三个鲜明的课程建设取向。 相似文献
14.
开放大学为适应构建学习型社会和终身学习体系的需要,开展远程教育与开放教育,实现教育公平与优质教育资源的共享.在信息时代开展远程开放教育,离不开课程资源的建设与应用.云南开放大学将当代信息技术与远程教育教学深度融合,结合云南特殊的人文地理条件和经济社会发展水平,将课程资源建设与人才培养模式改革实践紧密结合,以自主开发、合作共建、引进三种方式建设了一套以五种形式为主体的立体化课程资源体系,提升了云南远程教育教学质量的提高. 相似文献
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融合教育的深入开展给普通教师的职前培养工作带来了前所未有的挑战,教师教育者需对教师职前培养作出调整和变革以更好地满足融合教育实践的需求。本文通过对融合教育背景下美国普通教师职前培养的变革历程、趋势和特征进行总结和分析,发现美国普通教师培养中融合教育课程的定位经历了从"知识补充"到"技能提升"的转变,始终以融合教育实践需求为根本出发点,且逐渐突破单独设课的方式,尝试将普通教师培养和特殊教师培养从项目层面进行彻底融合,体现出融合教育教师培养的根本要求。基于此,本文结合我国现阶段教师职前培养的基本情况,为我国融合教育教师的培养提供启示和方向。 相似文献
16.
Ronald Harshman 《The Journal of environmental education》2013,44(2):30-34
ABSTRACT:Researchers and practitioners in environmental education have widely recognized the importance of facilitating the growth of positive environmental values among learners. Environmental Values Education (EVE) is included in environmental education programs, whether it is consciously planned or is an implicit part of the learner's experience. There are, however, many constraints to developing a well-planned EVE program and integrating this into the general curriculum; foremost among these is the need for teacher training in the theory and methods of EVE. Coursework and practical training for teachers is needed in several areas. When choosing appropriate strategies for teaching environmental ethics, each teacher will need to become familiar with the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, his or her own capabilities and need for further theoretical and practical training and the needs of learners and the nature of the situation at hand. Each learner's level of moral development is an especially important factor to consider when choosing and conducting EVE strategies. It is important for teachers to become familiar with school and community attitudes concerning values education, in order to implement a strong program in environmental values education while working within the existing realities of school policies and community expectations. 相似文献
17.
Faryal Khan 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(1):98-111
ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of the present educational system and structures in Pakistan. Historical developments in special education are reviewed, and legislation, policy, administration and organization at the national, regional and local levels are described. Efforts are under way in Pakistan to move away from the dual system of education, in which children with special educational needs receive educational services in special schools, towards an inclusive school system. Initiatives to mainstream children are being launched in pilot projects, and efforts are being made to build linkages between special and regular schools. Under the term ‘special needs education’, the trend is to shift the focus from disability categories towards building the capacity of the schools and providing needed support services. It is envisioned that the first step in promoting inclusion is to consolidate the dual administrative structure into a single system, with a clearly defined policy and plan for accommodating children with special needs within ordinary schools. 相似文献
18.
To identify teacher candidates' needs for training in inclusive classroom assessment, the present study investigated teacher candidates' beliefs about inclusive classroom assessments for all students educated in regular classrooms, including those with special needs and English language learners. An innovative theoretical assessment model, consisting of four concepts of assessment for, as, of learning as well as accommodations and modifications, was built to compare with questionnaire responses from a group of Canadian teacher candidates (n?=?295). Our data yielded five factors: (1) beliefs about accommodations and modifications for students with diverse needs (ACC), (2) assessment of learning, (3) assessment as learning, (4) misconceptions of inclusive assessment, and (5) negative beliefs about assessment for learning (NAFL). Contrary to expectations, assessment concepts are not fully interrelated with each other in teacher candidates' belief systems. In addition, participating teacher candidates may have some misconceptions about inclusive assessments given that they possessed positive beliefs towards them. The implications for teacher education programmes and professional development were also discussed in this study. 相似文献
19.
Teacher education issues are high on the policy agenda across Europe. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of People
with Disabilities (2006) is gaining momentum and providing a force for change, supported by many communications both internationally and at European
level that recognize how central education is in efforts to develop a more equitable society. In moving towards a more inclusive
education system, there is a need to train all teachers to meet the diverse needs of all learners in their classrooms and
to work collaboratively with colleagues. Drawing on key documents, this article outlines the policy context and reviews the
available evidence supporting the move towards teacher education for inclusion across Europe. It presents the work of the
European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education, to highlight some of the opportunities and challenges within its
member countries in addressing teacher education for inclusion. 相似文献
20.
This paper provides insight into the unique process of education policy development in South Africa, in particular the work of the National Commission on Special Needs in Education (NCSNET) and the National Committee on Education Support Services (NCESS). The process has been characterized by a fully democratic, participatory approach ensuring maximum involvement of all stakeholders at all levels of society. In addition, the process has been problem-centred—focusing on meeting the complex challenges within a developing context. The most significant aspect of the Report of the NCSNET and NCESS is that it provides conceptualizations that reflect a break away from traditional models of special needs education. The shift in thinking from ‘special needs education’ to ‘barriers to learning and development’ has broadened the concern from a small group of learners who are vulnerable to exclusion from education to all learners who are subject to exclusionary pressures within school and community. Finally, the delays in finalizing the policy process since the release of the Report of the NCSNET and NCESS are analysed and interpreted in the light of complexities in the transformation process in South Africa. 相似文献