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1.
目的:探讨我国优秀跆拳道运动员比赛时的损伤发生规律,为预防和降低跆拳道运动损伤提供参考依据。方法:对参加2011年全国跆拳道冠军赛的237名运动员的损伤情况进行调查和分析。结果:我国优秀跆拳道运动员比赛时损伤总体发生率为13.1%,男显著高于女(P<0.01);男子损伤发生部位依次为下肢、头部、脊椎和上肢,女子损伤部位集中在下肢和头部;男子最常见的损伤类型依次为扭伤、挫伤和撕裂伤;女子最常见的损伤类型为挫伤、扭伤和拉伤;损伤机制主要发生在受到对方腿击时,其次出现在出腿进攻时,男子更倾向于在被对手出腿击中的情况下发生损伤。结论:新规则实施后跆拳道运动员的损伤发生率减少,与下肢相比,运动员头部损伤比例增加,运动损伤类型较多,损伤机制多发生在运动员实施高难动作的对抗环节,进一步提高运动员运动素质、完善技术动作、加强对抗性格挡训练是防治损伤的重要环节。 相似文献
2.
随着竞技体育的快速发展,跆拳道已经列入奥运会的正式比赛项目。跆拳道是一项激烈的对抗运动,是一项以脚为主要进攻而得分的运动项目,在训练及比赛中产生损伤是在所难免的。为了最大程度的减少或避免运动损伤的发生,确保运动员科学、系统的训练及比赛,文章运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计等研究方法,对辽宁省跆拳道队运动员的运动损伤情况进行调查研究,分析损伤的原因,并提出相应的恢复及治疗措施,为提高训练水平预防运动损伤提供参考依据。 相似文献
3.
目的：通过对江苏女子篮球运动员在联赛准备期中损伤特征的研究，为有效控制职业女子篮球运动员的损伤风险提供研究依据。方法：以备战2018-2019年WCBA联赛的14名江苏女子篮球运动员为研究对象，通过sRPE监控运动员的训练负荷，通过跟踪调查记录运动员的损伤情况，分析训练负荷对损伤的影响。结果：江苏女子篮球运动员的慢性损伤率为100%，非接触性急性损伤高于接触性急性损伤，健将级运动员的损伤风险显著高于一级运动员（P=0.020）；sRPE与基于Polar心率带的训练负荷得分（r=0.644，P=0.000）有显著性强相关；以中等负荷组（491~590 AU）为参照，低负荷组（98~490 AU）损伤风险有所降低（OR=0.912），而高负荷组（591~676 AU）的损伤风险（OR=2.174）和极高负荷组（677~1 219 AU）的损伤风险（OR=1.692）有所增大，其中高负荷组的损伤风险显著性上升（P=0.040）。结论：职业女子篮球运动员普遍患有慢性损伤，好发非接触性损伤，损伤部位以膝关节、足踝部和腰部为主；健将级运动员比一级运动员发生损伤的风险明显更高；中等负荷的训练课下运动员有较低的损伤风险，但减少负荷并不能有效降低损伤风险；相反增大负荷会使损伤风险显著增加，而进一步增大负荷时损伤风险又会有所下降。 相似文献
4.
贺晓玉 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(1):11-13
为研究跆拳道实战对优秀女子跆拳道运动员机体能量代谢特点的影响,以8名参加与越南队实战的广东省优秀女子跆拳道运动员为研究对象,在实战前、实战中、实战后对心率和血乳酸进行测定,结果显示:实战、实战后的心率和血乳酸均明显高于实战前(p＜0.01),实战后3min的心率明显低于第3回合(p＜0.01),实战后3min的血乳酸低于第3回合即刻,不存在显著差异(p＞0.05),实战后3min、5min的心率和乳酸均不存在显著差异性(p＞0.05).提示跆拳道项目比赛强度大,无氧代谢能力对跆拳道项目起着重要作用;体能训练时,应该注重高强度的无氧训练以及高、低强度交替的间歇性有氧训练. 相似文献
5.
北京奥运会运动成绩的人种差异 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了进一步了解人在体能和运动成绩方面的差异,提高我国运动员的竞技水平,以2008年北京奥运会获奖运动员为研究对象,以北京奥运会官方网站提供的资料为依据,分析北京奥运会上获得奖牌的运动员的人种分布.研究发现,在金牌和奖牌总数上白种人占有绝对优势(分别占59.6%和65.6%),黄种人略高于黑种人.这与人的形态、体成分、机能和文化差异有关.据此提出,宜以科学发展观指导体育工作,从小,从全民抓起,加强学校体育工作,正确选材,科学训练,从而推动我国竞技体育运动的开展. 相似文献
6.
为研究DaeDo电子护具对男子竞技跆拳道比赛技战术特点的影响,以参加2012年全国跆拳道锦标赛男子58kg级共44场比赛的48名运动员为研究对象,运用文献资料、录像观察、数理统计等研究方法,对竞技跆拳道比赛男子运动员的技战术进行分析。结果显示:三个回合中,技术运用次数逐渐增加,第一回合技术运用成功率最高,第三回合技术得分最多;下劈是得分最多的技术,占技术总得分的41.0%,横踢是运用最多的技术,使用率达44.9%;击头得分占总得分的61.2%,明显高于躯干得分,下劈是击头次数和得分最多的技术;各战术运用中,直接进攻、直接反击的使用率和得分率较高,而防守反击、攻防转换的使用率和得分率偏低,有待加强。 相似文献
7.
The development of peak performances is a main research focus in sports science. It is unclear how many former top junior athletes achieve success in the elite class later. The aim of the present study was to examine the careers of athletes who participated in major junior or adult/elite cycling events using prospective and retrospective analysis of competition results. The official results of major junior (age < or = 18 years) and elite (age > 18 years) cycling races from 1980 to 2004 were analysed. Age-related aspects, career lengths, and success were compared between riders who presented results in both junior and elite races (JUNIOR ELITE) and riders who had no junior race results (ELITE ONLY). Altogether, 27,454 results of 8004 athletes from 108 countries were collected. We found that 29.4% of the elite athletes had participated in junior World Championships, and that 34% of the participants in junior World Championships later participated in major elite competitions. JUNIOR ELITE athletes are significantly more successful in several cycling disciplines and have their first and last elite result at a younger age than ELITE ONLY athletes. No difference was found in career lengths. The data presented here emphasize the importance of long-term training programmes in the development of peak performance in cycling. 相似文献
8.
目的：旨在探讨跆拳道运动员追踪移动目标时的视觉特征及神经肌肉疲劳对其视觉特征所产生的影响。方法：利用VR眼动仪分别采集24名跆拳道运动员训练前和训练后完成实验任务（追踪移动目标）与对照任务（无移动目标）时的眼动信息,测试持续42个训练日,共完成655人次测试;通过下蹲跳（CMJ）测试评价受试者训练后是否出现神经肌肉疲劳,最终筛选出44人次因训练产生神经肌肉疲劳的受试者的眼动参数进行统计分析。结果：与对照任务相比,受试者完成实验任务时瞳孔直径显著缩小,总注视次数显著减少;与非疲劳状态相比,神经肌肉疲劳状态下受试者完成实验任务时瞳孔直径显著增大,眼跳速度显著加快,平均注视时长显著加长。结论：跆拳道运动员追踪移动目标时提取信息相对容易,仅需较少的注意力即可快速获取有效信息;出现神经肌肉疲劳后,跆拳道运动员追踪移动目标时瞳孔直径显著增大,对有效信息的敏感度降低、提取视觉信息的难度增大。 相似文献
9.
Classifying subsequent injuries is of high importance in injury epidemiology since a previous injury has been reported to increase the risk of a new injury or increase the risk of a more severe injury. Multiple reports have shown that self-reported data provide an extensive view of an injury problem and add valuable information to the understanding of the athlete’s health. The purpose of this study was to display a method that can be used to facilitate classification of subsequent injuries and to discuss challenges faced when categorising subsequent injuries based on self-reported data. The suitability of a new model for Subsequent Injuries Adjusted for Self-reported data (SIAS model) was demonstrated with sport injury data from a cohort of 101 adolescent elite track & field athletes, followed over 52 weeks. A total number of 71 subsequent injuries were identified. Of all subsequent injuries, recurrent injuries represented 69.0% (n?=?49) and 31.0% (n?=?22) were classified as new injuries. The majority of subsequent injuries (n?=?60, 84.5%) occurred after athletes had recovered from a previous injury. Of all subsequent injuries, 15.5% (n?=?11) represented injuries where athletes had not fully recovered from a previous injury. Application of the SIAS model allows for classification of subsequent injuries based on self-reported data on the recovery level of the athletes, the injury onset and injury type. The developed SIAS model follows the consensus recommendations of injury definition, injury classification and is an attempt to increase the understanding of the complex relationship of subsequent injuries in self-reported data sets. 相似文献
10.
从第27届奥运会体操比赛看世界男子跳马发展趋势 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
采用录像观察、查阅文献资料等方法，对第27届奥运会男子体操跳马决赛运动员的动作起评分与完成情况进行了研究，结合近2年世界体操大赛获跳马奖牌运动员的相关材料，分析了当今世界男子跳马的发展趋势。结果表明，掌握“双10分”起评动作是跳马比赛发展的明显趋向，提高动作成功率是跳马比赛取胜的条件，确保落地稳定是跳马比赛夺冠的关键。 相似文献
11.
目的:分析田径运动员发生运动损伤的风险因素。方法:通过对136名男性田径运动员进行身体测试及运动损伤情况调查,测试内容包括:身高、体重﹑体成分﹑关节柔韧性﹑关节稳定性,在此基础上分析田径运动中发生运动损伤的危险因素。结果:腘绳肌拉伤的主要危险因素是年龄因素(OR值=1.31)和陈旧性损伤(OR值=9.81);而腹股沟部拉伤的主要危险因素有二,一是陈旧性损伤(OR值=9.62),二是髋关节外展ROM值的减小(OR值=0.96);此外,膝关节扭伤和踝关节扭伤的主要危险因素也是陈旧性损伤(OR值分别为3.28和6.57)。结论:年龄和陈旧性损伤是造成田径运动损伤的最大危险因素。 相似文献
12.
我国射击与射箭运动发展中的热点问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对我国射击与射箭运动发展中的3个热点问题：优秀运动员运动寿命、备战奥运会科研工作、“外脑”进行了初步探讨。一些观点可供国家队备战奥运会参考。 相似文献
13.
戈炳珠 《沈阳体育学院学报》2005,24(2):68-70,77
主要采用三次文献法对近两年参加世界自由式滑雪大赛女子空中技巧重点选手比赛成绩、动作难度、动作质量及成功率等指标的定量分析得出:在2006年第20届冬奥会上,澳大利亚的C.A和I.L是夺金热门人物,我国的李妮娜、徐囡囡与加拿大的BA.V.及瑞士的L.E.都具有得牌的实力;在本奥运周期的后半程备战中,我国选手只有审时度势采取有效的针对性训练,才能确保完成"保牌争金"的历史使命。 相似文献
14.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):22-32
This study explored whether elite artistic skating athletes differ from elite inline speed skating athletes in terms of mood as assessed before and after competi-tion. Its secondary purpose was to determine whether mood states in athletes generally differ before competition, as compared to after. Thirty-nine athletes in artistic and inline speed skating participated in this study during the German national and European championships. Participants were top-ranked elite skat-ers, including 17 German national champions, nine European and four World champions as well as four participants in recent Olympic Games. Artistic skat-ers exhibited more delight and less listlessness both before and after competi-tion. Inline speed skaters reported greater arousal before competition, whereas artistic skaters reported more arousal after competition. All skaters reported more activation before competition as compared to after competition. These results have implications for athletes’ preparation for and participation in sports competition. 相似文献
15.
许多冬季项目都具有比较高的损伤风险,如单板滑雪、高山滑雪和自由式滑雪等。如何帮助这些高风险项目的运动员应对运动损伤的挫折和康复治疗的挑战,是备战北京冬奥会面临的重要课题。研究介绍了心理保障团队如何帮助一位中国自由式滑雪空中技巧受伤运动员LGZ应对康复困难并重返国际比赛的心理康复历程。基于中国运动员心理建设系统,为LGZ的心理康复训练制订了三重目标:1)减少运动损伤的心理应激,积极参与康复治疗,尽早回归正常的训练和比赛;2)提高自我控制能力,形成良好的行为习惯,以平稳的心态参加训练和比赛;3)提升文化素养和精神境界,不断完善自我,促进终生发展。从2017年2月—2018年2月,在历时1年的心理训练中,共对其进行了5种心理干预:提供心理支持、实施表象训练、开展心理讲座、制订比赛预案和提供心理咨询;还通过心理测试来监控运动员的心理状态,并采用运动员个人评价、主管教练评价和竞技比赛表现来评估心理训练的效果。在为期1年的心理训练结束时,这名运动员逐渐克服了运动损伤所带来的焦虑,建立了伤后康复的自信,提高了自我控制的能力,并在平昌冬奥会上取得了她个人的最佳成绩,获得了冬奥会奖牌。这一案例提示我们“术道兼修”的心理训练具有一定成效,也带给我们许多反思。 相似文献
16.
第28届奥运会中、外优秀女子蹦床运动员竞技实力分析及对策研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
采用现场观察统计、资料分析、调研考察等方法对参加2 0 0 4年第2 8届雅典奥运会蹦床比赛的全部16名中、外优秀女子运动员的竞技实力进行分析。结果表明,我国女子蹦床运动员的动作难度、成套动作质量已达到世界先进水平,已具有在2 0 0 8年第2 9届奥运会上冲击金牌的竞技实力,但我国女子优秀运动员竞技水平的临场发挥还不够稳定。进一步强化规定动作质量,突出动作的高规格和成套动作的稳定性;提高自选动作难度,并积蓄一定的难度储备,是下一阶段我国蹦床运动员备战2 0 0 8年第2 9届奥运会要解决的主要技术问题。 相似文献
17.
以问卷调查的方式把运动员踝及足部、小腿部分、膝关节部分、大腿等部位在跆拳道项目中常见的运动损伤作为研究对象。根据跆拳道项目的规律和特点，对于跆拳道训练中或者比赛中常见的运动损伤从生理特点、各部分病因以及损伤机制等方面进行分析，提出合理理有效的恢复性练习方法。指导教练员及时采取各种措施，合理安排损伤后的训练，加速运动员的功能恢复。 相似文献
18.
Yorck Olaf Schumacher Roman Mroz Peter Mueller Andreas Schmid Gerta Ruecker 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1149-1156
Abstract The development of peak performances is a main research focus in sports science. It is unclear how many former top junior athletes achieve success in the elite class later. The aim of the present study was to examine the careers of athletes who participated in major junior or adult/elite cycling events using prospective and retrospective analysis of competition results. The official results of major junior (age ≤ 18 years) and elite (age > 18 years) cycling races from 1980 to 2004 were analysed. Age-related aspects, career lengths, and success were compared between riders who presented results in both junior and elite races (JUNIOR ELITE) and riders who had no junior race results (ELITE ONLY). Altogether, 27,454 results of 8004 athletes from 108 countries were collected. We found that 29.4% of the elite athletes had participated in junior World Championships, and that 34% of the participants in junior World Championships later participated in major elite competitions. JUNIOR ELITE athletes are significantly more successful in several cycling disciplines and have their first and last elite result at a younger age than ELITE ONLY athletes. No difference was found in career lengths. The data presented here emphasize the importance of long-term training programmes in the development of peak performance in cycling. 相似文献
19.
Kenyan athletes have dominated international distance running in recent years. Explanations for their success include favourable physiological characteristics, which could include favourable genetic endowment, and advantageous environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan runners with those of the general Kenyan population. Questionnaires, administered to 404 elite Kenyan runners specializing in distances ranging from the 800 m to the marathon and 87 Kenyan controls, obtained information on place of birth, language, and distance and method of travel to school. Athletes were separated into two groups according to athletic success: those who competed in international competition and those who competed in national competition. The athletes differed from controls in regional distribution, language, and distance and method of travel to school; athletes also differed from each other with the exception of method of travel to school. Most national and international athletes came from the Rift Valley province (controls 20%, national athletes 65%, international athletes 81%), belonged to the Kalenjin ethnic group (controls 8%, national athletes 49%, international athletes 76%) and Nandi sub-tribe (controls 5%, national athletes 25%, international athletes 44%), and spoke languages of Nilotic origin (controls 21%, national athletes 60%, international athletes 79%). A higher proportion of all athletes ran to school each day (controls 22%, national athletes 73%, international athletes 81%) and covered greater distances. In conclusion, Kenyan runners are from a distinctive environmental background in terms of geographical distribution, ethnicity and travelled further to school, mostly by running. These findings highlight the importance of environmental and social factors in the success of Kenyan runners. 相似文献
20.
Abstract Kenyan athletes have dominated international distance running in recent years. Explanations for their success include favourable physiological characteristics, which could include favourable genetic endowment, and advantageous environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan runners with those of the general Kenyan population. Questionnaires, administered to 404 elite Kenyan runners specializing in distances ranging from the 800 m to the marathon and 87 Kenyan controls, obtained information on place of birth, language, and distance and method of travel to school. Athletes were separated into two groups according to athletic success: those who competed in international competition and those who competed in national competition. The athletes differed from controls in regional distribution, language, and distance and method of travel to school; athletes also differed from each other with the exception of method of travel to school. Most national and international athletes came from the Rift Valley province (controls 20%, national athletes 65%, international athletes 81%), belonged to the Kalenjin ethnic group (controls 8%, national athletes 49%, international athletes 76%) and Nandi sub-tribe (controls 5%, national athletes 25%, international athletes 44%), and spoke languages of Nilotic origin (controls 21%, national athletes 60%, international athletes 79%). A higher proportion of all athletes ran to school each day (controls 22%, national athletes 73%, international athletes 81%) and covered greater distances. In conclusion, Kenyan runners are from a distinctive environmental background in terms of geographical distribution, ethnicity and travelled further to school, mostly by running. These findings highlight the importance of environmental and social factors in the success of Kenyan runners. 相似文献