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利用外部知识实现创新已经成为我国企业创新实践的常用策略。究竟内部R&D和外部知识搜寻之间存在怎样的关系,过多的外部知识搜寻是否会削弱企业内部R&D的战略性地位?本文基于209家中国创新型企业的问卷调查数据,对企业内部R&D活动和外部知识搜寻之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果表明外部知识搜寻对提升企业创新绩效有重要影响,但是不同类型的外部合作对象对创新绩效的重要性存在差异。研究发现,企业在创新实践中,内部R&D和纵向合作企业与横向合作企业知识搜寻之间存在互补协同的关系,但没有充分的证据表明内部R&D和大学/研究机构知识搜寻之间存在互补性。内部R&D和外部知识搜寻之间存在互补抑或替代的关系,主要受企业对外部知识吸收能力的影响。 相似文献
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企业开放式创新知识协同的作用、影响因素及保障措施研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的/意义] 研究开放式创新知识协同为企业从知识协同方向提升开放式创新绩效提供参考。[方法/过程] 在对已有文献研究的基础上,分析了企业开放式创新知识协同的作用,研究了企业开放式创新知识协同的影响因素,提出了企业开放式创新知识协同的运行保障措施。[结果/结论] 在开放式创新中,知识协同通过分析内外部知识资源,根据创新目标构建知识协同群并使知识资源在时间与空间上实现最佳的交互、关联、碰撞、共享与整合,以便激发协同效力,从而提升协同个体与组织的知识创新能力,提升创新绩效,因此开放式创新中的知识协同受创新开放度、知识需求发现、知识供给时间、知识匹配度与知识共享程度等的影响。为了保障知识协同工作的顺利开展,知识协同需要先进的协同系统、科学合理的协同制度与人员作用支撑。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]通过对现有研究成果的梳理和总结,全方位描述和揭示我国知识协同领域的研究现状和发展趋势,为该领域今后的研究和发展提供方向和参考。[方法/过程]对国内知识协同研究相关域的445篇中文文献进行文献计量学特征分析;运用多元统计方法和筛选代表性文献的方法探析该领域的研究主题;运用社会网络分析法确定每个研究主题与核心研究力量之间的相互关系,运用战略坐标分析的方法对研究主题的内外部结构及其发展趋势进行分析和预测。[结果与结论]国内知识协同研究正处于初步发展阶段,研究可分为9个主要主题,各主题的受关注程度及研究力量的分布不同,各研究力量对不同研究主题的贡献程度也各有侧重,当前研究总体上还不够成熟。 相似文献
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The paper attempts a critical assessment of both the theory and the empirical evidence on the role of appropriability and in particular of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) as incentives for technological innovation. We start with a critical discussion of the standard justification of the attribution of IPR in terms of “market failures” in knowledge generation. Such an approach, we argue, misses important features of technological knowledge and also neglects the importance of non-market institutions in the innovation process. Next, we examine the recent changes in the IPR regimes and their influence upon both rates of patenting and underlying rates of innovation. The evidence broadly suggests that, first, IPRs are not the most important device apt to “profit from innovation”; and second, they have at best no impact, or possibly even a negative impact on the underlying rates of innovation. Rather, we argue, technology- and industry-specific patterns of innovation are primarily driven by the opportunities associated with each technological paradigm. Conversely, firm-specific abilities to seize them and “profit from innovation” depend partly on adequacy of the strategic combinations identified by the taxonomy of [Teece, D., 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy 15, 285-305.] and partly on idiosyncratic capabilities embodied in the various firms. 相似文献
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Although there is some general agreement that increasing levels of collaboration amongst academics produce research papers that receive more citations, and that larger numbers of citations often imply higher quality, the issue of collaboration and its effect upon research output remains a controversial area with a wide range of views of what role collaboration plays and its general implications for quality. This paper re-examines the process of collaboration within research networks. It considers the role of collaboration and its effect on quality by studying the relationship between the level of interaction within research networks (collaboration) and the extent of variability of quality within those research networks. Twenty-two scientific networks from Austria are examined. The findings of the analysis are that increasing levels of collaboration are strongly associated with lower levels of variability of quality within each network. The conclusion is therefore drawn that collaboration at the level of the research network acts upon research quality qua peer review and that this peer review effect is inherent throughout the research process. 相似文献
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Firms are encouraged to continually initiate innovation activities as part of their new product development processes and to be open to the use of external knowledge sources. Yet, many are abandoned. Openness to external knowledge sources and the experience of abandoning innovation activities are, therefore, becoming a part of an organization’s reality and innovation strategy. In this paper, we aim to explore how the experience of having abandoned an innovation activity can affect innovation performance and the role two key dimensions of openness, external search breadth and formal innovation collaboration breadth, play. Using data from the UK Innovation Survey, we find that the experience of having abandoned an innovation activity leads to improved innovation performance and that this is negatively moderated by the two dimensions of openness. When external search breadth is high, i.e. when an organization engages with a higher number of different types of knowledge sources, the link between abandoning innovation activities and innovation performance weakens. Similarly, when formal innovation collaboration breadth is high, i.e. the breadth of a firm’s formal collaboration relationships is high, the link between abandoning innovation activities and innovation performance also weakens. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our findings. 相似文献
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知识协同的发展及研究展望 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近年来,知识协同的现象不断涌现,已成为企业知识管理和协同化的发展趋势。而对知识协同理论与方法的研究刚刚处于起步阶段,知识协同是一个值得关注的、新的研究方向。为了加深对知识协同的认识和便于今后对其进行深入研究,对知识协同相关研究进展进行了综述,在此基础上,分析了知识协同产生的背景和发展过程,给出了知识协同的概念认识及其特征分析,并进一步给出了知识协同的未来研究工作展望。 相似文献
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This paper focuses on two elements of process knowledge that we call sticky and fluid knowledge. Process knowledge, we argue, differs from the more commonly described tacit or explicit knowledge due to its domain specificity. Process knowledge is a potential source of competitive advantage for an organisation and is key to the development of intellectual capital for an organisation. Knowledge management is the operational means of delivering this intellectual capital value. From empirical research conducted, two cases are presented that illustrate process knowledge and its value and exploitation for the development of intellectual capital. The findings emphasise the necessity for a multiplicity of means for process knowledge transfer in order to ensure the widest possible distribution. In particular, in order to ensure that sticky process knowledge is transformed into fluid process knowledge, it is recommended that, communities and face2face discussions supplement knowledge exchanges via electronic networks. 相似文献
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通过文献回顾,提出企业协同能力、客户知识管理过程与服务产品开发绩效的关系假设,通过对211家知识密集型服务企业的问卷调查,采用结构方程模型验证模型及假设.研究论证了客户知识管理过程在企业协同能力与服务产品开发绩效的关系中起到一定的中介作用. 相似文献
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External collaboration breadth is important for firms to acquire the knowledge needed to innovate. In this paper, we combine cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Spanish Panel of Technological Innovation Survey (PITEC) to examine the indirect impact of R&D subsidies on firm external collaboration breadth. We contribute to understanding of the indirect impacts of R&D subsidies by first providing strong evidence of an economically significant average positive impact of R&D subsidies on firm external collaboration breadth. Second, our results advance understanding of the differential impacts of R&D subsidies by revealing the vast heterogeneity of the impact at the firm level, where approximately only half of treated firms experience a positive collaboration impact from R&D subsidies, while the remainder experience no impact or a negative effect. Finally, we advance understanding of the characteristics explaining the differential impact of R&D subsidies on external collaboration breadth by utilising the organisational learning literature to demonstrate the important role of firm collaboration experience. 相似文献
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通过四家产业集群企业的案例研究,本文考察了技术学习惯例在外部知识获取策略与企业创新绩效之间的中介作用机制。研究发现:技术学习惯例强度在深度优先的外部知识获取策略影响企业技术创新绩效的机制中起中介作用,技术学习惯例多样性在广度优先的外部知识获取策略影响企业技术创新绩效的机制中起中介作用。论文工作深化了对产业集群企业内部技术学习行为和创新过程的理解,拓展了组织惯例领域的实证研究。 相似文献
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企业外部研发合作内部知识网络与创新绩效 《科学学研究》2022,40(4):704-712
外部研发合作有利于丰富企业的知识元素和组合范式进而影响其创新绩效,企业内部知识网络会影响其外部研发合作的效能。基于知识组合的视角探究不同类型企业外部研发合作,与大学/研究机构的合作（学研合作）以及与企业的合作（企业合作）,对企业创新绩效的差异化影响,并进一步揭示企业内部知识网络特征（知识组合能力和知识协调成本）对上述影响的调节作用。通过对2012年—2017年中国计算机通信及电子设备制造业和医药制造业323家上市公司的数据分析,发现学研合作对企业创新绩效的促进作用大于企业合作;企业知识组合能力会抑制学研合作对企业创新绩效的积极影响,促进企业合作对企业创新绩效的积极影响;企业知识协调成本会减弱企业合作与企业创新绩效的正向关系,对学研合作与企业创新绩效关系的影响不显著。 相似文献
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从资源拼凑和外部创新搜寻的交互视角，本研究认为企业在技术市场需要通过复合的途径为知识或技术找到最佳的“工作”，即推动企业在内部技术开发和外部技术开发之间寻找均衡点，更好的推进企业的双向开放式创新。通过来自珠三角的176份新兴产业的企业样本的实证研究，本文研究发现：（1）外部创新知识搜寻对双选开放式创新，即内向型开放式创新和外向型开放式创新存在倒U型关系的影响。（2）企业资源拼凑对双向开放式创新也均起到了正向影响。（3）企业资源拼凑与外部创新知识搜寻的交互作用对外向型开放式创新存在显著的正向影响，而对内向型开放式创新的直接影响不显著。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 从互动视角分析网络百科知识协同核心因素间的互动关系，揭示网络百科知识协同机理。[方法/过程] 基于协同进化理论分析了网络百科知识协同基本过程，提取知识协同的核心因素并构建了网络百科知识协同模型。以百度百科词条名侦探柯南为例，选取2007—2017年月度时间序列数据，采用向量误差修正模型、格兰杰因果检验和脉冲响应函数，对群体规模、认知冲突和内容质量间的互动关系进行了实证分析。此外，通过预测分析验证模型的合理性和向量误差修正模型的适用性。[结果/结论] 研究结果表明群体规模、认知冲突和内容质量间存在显著的互动关系。具体而言，认知冲突和群体规模存在正向互动关系；认知冲突和内容质量同样存在正向互动关系。 相似文献
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产学研协同创新的知识协同影响因素实证研究 《科学学研究》2017,35(10):1567-1577
在对相关文献进行研究基础上,提出产学研协同创新的知识协同影响因素理论模型及相关假设。通过调查问卷数据统计研究表明,组织之间的协同意愿、知识异质性以及组织知识能力等影响因素对产学研协同创新的知识协同存在显著的正向影响;环境复杂性对知识协同绩效存在显著的负向影响;知识协同机制在各影响因素对知识协同绩效的影响过程中起到中介作用。研究结论为产学研协同创新实践工作提供了有益借鉴。 相似文献
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企业隐性技术知识吸收模型研究 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
隐性知识是技术知识的重要侧面，对于技术追赶中的企业，其隐性知识的吸收能力决定了技术学习的有效性。本文回顾了有关隐性技术知识的重要理论研究，指出隐性技术知识(TTK)吸收对于企业技术学习的战略意义，并提出了企业隐性技术知识吸收的理论模型。该模型认为企业隐性技术知识有三类外部知识来源：科学群体、跨国公司全球网络及区域价值链组织；三类主体以多种管道向当地企业传输TTK，制度环境与技术市场格局影响主体间知识流动管道的选择及其中的TTK流动；企业研发管理等内部因素等决定了外部TTK的吸收能力；研发过程中对外部TTK的整合导致了企业技术创新能力。这一模型的提出为深入研究行业技术学习及企业研发管理战略提供了理论分析框架。 相似文献
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This paper discusses a conflict between private defence firms and government procurement agencies related to Intellectual Property management issues that emerged during the privatization process of the main UK defence research establishment. Our analysis questions a common argument found in studies of the defence industries: that a close confluence of interests exists between private suppliers and their public customers, so much so that the boundaries between public and private actors become blurred. Instead, we argue that the tensions between private suppliers and their government customers are jeopardizing the success of process innovations in defence procurement that rely on “partnership” and collaboration between defence and government customers and users. 相似文献