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1.
As organizations struggle with how to develop and use their inherent expertise, the importance of knowledge management and collaboration has grown in both academic and practitioner communities. This paper outlines a new concept of collaborative knowledge management (CKM), which bridges the two fields. Drawing from literature, we present a conceptual framework for understanding the concepts underlying CKM. Next, this paper explores how a new technology, peer-to-peer (P2P), fits in the CKM paradigm. A discussion on P2P tools and a comparison of these tools with client server tools for enabling the CKM process is presented. P2P has great appeal for CKM because it allows people to work in a more natural fashion. As technology and practitioners needs evolve, it is important to recognize the existence of various CKM levels in the organization. This paper outlines a framework recognizing five different levels. The final section of the paper identifies research themes concerning the use of P2P applications for CKM both within each of the levels and across levels. 相似文献
2.
This paper provides an overview of the knowledge management systems (KMSs) adopted by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). KMSs are divided into two categories: knowledge management tools (KM-Tools) and knowledge management practices (KM-Practices). On the basis of the analysis of the literature, two research questions (RQs) were identified and addressed through semi-structured interviews carried out in a sample of 35 SMEs operating in high-tech industries. The first RQ concerns the degree of adoption of KMSs by SMEs. The second RQ regards the relationship between KM-Tools and KM-Practices. As far as the degree of adoption of KMSs, the paper highlights that SMEs are not a homogeneous world but there are a variety of approaches and behaviours. As far as the relationship between the degree of adoption of KM-Tools and KM-Practices, the paper identifies three groups of SMEs that seem to point out the stages of the process of adoption of KMSs: Introduction, SMEs that deal with the process of knowledge management exploiting practices and tools that are already known; Growth, SMEs that adopt specialist practices of knowledge management acquiring new organisational and managerial competence in the field of knowledge management; Maturity, SMEs that invest in new technology and that acquire new technological competence in the field of knowledge management. This categorisation paves the way for further theoretical and practical implications for both managers and policy makers. 相似文献
3.
Muammer Ozer 《Research Policy》2007,36(9):1372-1387
Addressing the demand uncertainties at the fuzzy-front-end of developing new online services, this paper tests the roles of numerous cluster-based methodologies in improving the predictive accuracy of consumer opinions. The results with an online service revealed that both crisp and non-crisp clustering methodologies improve the predictive accuracy and hence reduce the demand uncertainties at the fuzzy-front-end of the new product development process. They also showed that non-crisp clustering increases the accuracy more than does crisp clustering. Implications of the findings for our understanding of the earlier stages of the new product development process and for making informed R&D policies are discussed. 相似文献
4.
从全球制造网络的视角系统构建了旗舰企业对本地企业知识转移的影响因素框架,丰富了以往对知识转移作用机制的认识。通过105家中国样本企业的实证研究表明:(1)旗舰企业知识转移强度、本地企业吸收能力、知识转移平台障碍是影响知识转移绩效的三个重要因素,其中旗舰企业的知识转移强度在双方知识交流、旗舰企业转移意愿与知识转移绩效间起中介作用;(2)双方联结方式对这三个因素影响知识转移绩效具有调制作用。相对于企业内联结,企业间联结方式下旗舰企业知识转移强度、本地企业吸收能力对知识转移绩效的正向效应减弱,知识转移平台障碍对知识转移绩效的负向效应增强。 相似文献
5.
The main goal of this paper is to analyse the single and joint impact of regulation policies and research network policies on environmental innovation. Our theoretical framework combines the open eco-innovation mode approach with the Porter Hypothesis, by adapting them to the knowledge production function where green patents are the dependent variable. We focus on the factors that influence the production of green patents as a proxy of new “environmental” knowledge for a panel of European countries over time. We find that both marked-based regulation policies and participation in green European research networks (in particular with universities and public research centres) positively affect environmental innovation. Moreover, the two policy tools have a complementary effect. This suggests that the effectiveness of environmental regulation policies can be increased by combining them with appropriate innovation policies. 相似文献
6.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):361-374
Technology has penetrated the social fabric of security practices so deeply that it is often used without much reflection on its role, significance and implications. This naturalisation of technology makes it difficult for practitioners to develop their own vision of technology. They may become subject to the coercive power of technology, and appropriate the narrow technological paradigm embodied in their tools. This, in turn, makes it difficult for technology developers to understand practitioner needs and to assess the transformative potential of technology. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for understanding the role of technology in intelligence. The focus is on the technological capabilities supporting an analysis of sociocultural processes related to so‐called ‘new threats’. The two main problems in intelligence nowadays are deciding what data are relevant and how they should be analysed. The major issue is not the collection of information, but turning information into knowledge and action. Accordingly, the practitioner thinking about technological tools can be usefully informed by the concept of technology as a mediator between areas of knowledge production and consumption. This concept highlights technology’s ability to affect intelligence analysts’ understanding of threats, identification of data sources and information gaps, and their interaction with colleagues and consumers of intelligence products. 相似文献
7.
《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(3):155-161
It is traditionally assumed that requirements specification, as a product of requirements engineering, has a high impact on the ensuing software development stages. Therefore, the knowledge management used to construct the requirements specification should be performed in a structured manner to discover, analyze and understand the data–information–knowledge chain, both tacit and explicit, that the interested parties possess. In this article, the results of a literature review are presented, seeking to answer the following questions: (1) What is the meaning of knowledge in requirements engineering? (2) What approaches are proposed to manage knowledge in requirements engineering? (3) Can the efficiency and the efficacy of knowledge management models be evidenced in requirements engineering? Thirty-six works were chosen for analysis out of a total 83 found in our search. The analysis showed that (1) knowledge has a central significance at this stage, but the authors have yet to agree on the best methods to impart and apply that knowledge; (2) no general framework has emerged as a validated approach to manage knowledge for requirements engineering; and (3) the evaluation marks for model efficiency and efficacy are low, consisting mostly of personal interpretations. 相似文献
8.
The impact on innovation performance of different sources of knowledge: Evidence from the UK Community Innovation Survey 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Marion Frenz 《Research Policy》2009,38(7):1125-1135
This paper considers two main categories of knowledge sources and their impact on the innovation performance of enterprises: own-generation through R&D versus knowledge transfers via bought-in resources for innovation purposes, external collaborations on R&D, and internal sources within the company. The national and international dimensions of both internal networks and external collaborative agreements are explored, as is the interaction between R&D and other sources. Data from two UK Community Innovation Surveys allow for the lagging of relevant variables. Our results suggest that, while intra-company knowledge sources, own-generation, and bought-in R&D matter in innovation performance, the benefits of joint innovation efforts in the form of cooperation are less clear. The international dimension of internal networks is highly relevant, and interactions between the own-generation of knowledge and external sources increase the innovation potential of enterprises. 相似文献
9.
10.
Tércia Zavaglia TorresAuthor VitaeIvo Pierozzi Jr.Author Vitae Nadir Rodrigues PereiraAuthor VitaeAlexandre de CastroAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(2):121-127
The great contemporary organizational challenge for enterprises is to create a conceptual and methodological framework allows the management of knowledge by means of networks designed for social interaction. This statement is based on the premise that the competitive drive and sustainable success of the company depend on the introduction of new forms of production innovative processes, which can only be ensured through integrated approaches to knowledge management and the incorporation information technologies (IT). This is a reality that has already been accepted by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa, its acronym in Portuguese), a Brazilian research, development, and innovation (RD&I) institution supporting agricultural sector. For some years now, Embrapa has been incorporating what it has learned about knowledge management into its strategic planning process. In this paper, we present a new approach to managing knowledge and information, and we analyze the need for research institutions to administer the knowledge they produce through an RD&I management model based multi- and inter-disciplinary teams, and multi-institutional research networks. 相似文献
11.
Morus IR 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2010,101(4):775-778
This introductory essay discusses the origins of current interest in performances and performativity in the history of science as an outcome of the concern with understanding science as practice that emerged from the 1980s onward. The language of performance, it suggests, provides useful analytic tools for historians of science because it focuses our attention on the bodies of practitioners, their embodied practices, and their presentation of self to different audiences. It provides a new approach to understanding the politics of knowledge production and dissemination. Lastly, the essay suggests, the emphasis on performance invites us to develop new, nontextual strategies for representing our own researches. 相似文献
12.
A health system has various knowledge structures enabling its knowledge resources to be efficiently applied. The literature has covered the management of clinical health information fairly extensively, but less is known about managerial knowledge flows. To address this knowledge gap, a regional health system in Finland is studied and managerial knowledge flows categorized in order to provide a better understanding of the inter-organizational knowledge networks of a health system. The paper contributes by illustrating and concretizing the knowledge dynamics of a health system. The empirical examination reveals the complexity of managerial knowledge flows and identifies three main categories of these: (1) national information steering, (2) regional information steering, and (3) internal control information. These categories are further elaborated with the data gathered through observation, interviews, and process modelling. A better understanding and management of knowledge flows is expected to have a positive effect on the performance of the health system. 相似文献
13.
以工程咨询企业为例来说明知识型服务企业知识存量增长的机理。通过扎根理论研究方法和共生理论的研究框架,研究发现共生是工程咨询企业知识存量增长的主要原因。在一定的共生关系中,核心范畴共生包括共生单元、共生界面和共生环境三大主范畴及一个判别准则信息丰度。共生单元包括质参量(硬实力、软实力)、象参量(资历、合作意愿)和物理参数(共生密度、共生维度)三个影响因子;共生界面包括有形界面和无形界面两个影响因子;共生环境包括内部环境(组织激励、企业氛围、自我满足、组织内部支持)和外部环境(组织外部支持)两个影响因子。在一定共生关系中,上述因素交互作用,最终导致共生的行为过程(即知识共享)和共生的行为结果 (即知识存量)。 相似文献
14.
Luis MiottiFrédérique Sachwald 《Research Policy》2003,32(8):1481-1499
Firms use R&D partnerships to access knowledge and build global R&D networks. This article develops an integrated framework to examine the determinants of the choice of partners with which firms co-operate on R&D. This resource-based perspective underscores the interactions between three major questions: why co-operate, who does and with whom? It argues in particular that the choice of partners is dictated by the complementary resources which the latter command. The framework is then expanded to predict the relative efficiency of R&D co-operation with different partners, including suppliers, clients, rivals, academic institutions and foreign firms. The empirical analysis, which is based on responses to France’s version of the second European community innovation survey (CIS-2), strongly supports the overall framework of analysis. 相似文献
15.
Daqing He Peter Brusilovsky Jaewook Ahn Jonathan Grady Rosta Farzan Yefei Peng Yiming Yang Monica Rogati 《Information processing & management》2008
Exploratory search increasingly becomes an important research topic. Our interests focus on task-based information exploration, a specific type of exploratory search performed by a range of professional users, such as intelligence analysts. In this paper, we present an evaluation framework designed specifically for assessing and comparing performance of innovative information access tools created to support the work of intelligence analysts in the context of task-based information exploration. The motivation for the development of this framework came from our needs for testing systems in task-based information exploration, which cannot be satisfied by existing frameworks. The new framework is closely tied with the kind of tasks that intelligence analysts perform: complex, dynamic, and multiple facets and multiple stages. It views the user rather than the information system as the center of the evaluation, and examines how well users are served by the systems in their tasks. The evaluation framework examines the support of the systems at users’ major information access stages, such as information foraging and sense-making. The framework is accompanied by a reference test collection that has 18 tasks scenarios and corresponding passage-level ground truth annotations. To demonstrate the usage of the framework and the reference test collection, we present a specific evaluation study on CAFÉ, an adaptive filtering engine designed for supporting task-based information exploration. This study is a successful use case of the framework, and the study indeed revealed various aspects of the information systems and their roles in supporting task-based information exploration. 相似文献
16.
Whereas there is a growing literature that investigates knowledge management (KM) in service corporates, yet the overview and understanding of KM in large-sized service organisations is yet limited and sparse. Transitional economies, like of Saudi Arabia, are highly motivated to establish a knowledge based structure both economically and socially. There is an urgent need for exploring the current situation of KM tools usage and of perspectives on knowledge and knowledge management, as a start by large sized service organisations. Towards further understanding in this regard, this paper explores the status and potentials of KM implementation scoped to Saudi large-sized service organisations. The paper triangulated an interviewer-administrated questionnaire and focus groups to gather the data. The results indicate that although the weighted average of KM tools/methods deployment (being deployed or can possibly be deployed) reaches 79%; however, the written comments in front of each tool indicates that the participants’ understanding of what KM seems distorted, which is confirmed in the coding of their definitions of the term ‘Knowledge’. The participants identified leadership and strategy formulation as the top two critical success factors. A number of other results are presented and several issues were identified for future research. 相似文献
17.
高效率的知识生产与转化是衡量区域知识竞争力的关键要素之一。沿用全球知识竞争力测度指标体系,将知识创新过程分为知识生产和转化两个子阶段,采用超效率数据包络分析方法从效率视角对亚太33个地区的知识竞争力进行测度分析。研究发现：(1)中国地区中两阶段都处于高效率区间的只有北京,上海和天津的知识生产高效率但知识转化低效率;(2)尽管大部分地区在知识生产阶段都取得了不错的效率,但知识转化效率偏低是亚太地区面临的普遍问题;(3)上海知识投入产出结构的均衡性优于其他中国大陆地区,北京投入产出偏离程度较大,两阶段投入均存在较大波动。 相似文献
18.
知识型客户服务机构的知识库构建研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
知识库构建是知识型客户服务机构存储知识资源、进行高效服务的基础。对知识型客户服务机构知识库的概念与特点进行了阐述、分析,提出了一个知识型客户服务机构知识库构建的总体框架,并进一步对其中的知识库构建过程和组织实施过程进行了详细分析。通过一个实例验证了所提总体框架的应用价值及实践意义。 相似文献
19.
The purposes of this research are two-fold: to explore the key content of the Mobile Information Systems (MobIS) field and to identify the intellectual structure within MobIS research. Although mobile technologies have developed at great speed, little research has focused on the macroscopic viewpoint to understand the core knowledge of MobIS and its intellectual structure. To fill this research gap, articles related to MobIS from the ISI Web of Knowledge database and their cited articles were collected, and then citation analysis and document co-citation analysis were applied, including factor analysis and cluster analysis. This research identified 75 highly-cited articles and yielded 6 core categories of knowledge in mobile information systems: (1) Technology Acceptance; (2) Mobile Commerce; (3) Technology Innovation; (4) Use of Mobile Technology; (5) Measurement and Evaluation of Information Technology; and (6) Information System Success. The findings demonstrate that the MobIS field is still young and evolving. The core knowledge categories will be useful for scholars from different disciplines to effectively understand the core concepts and their relevance in MobIS in order to uncover possible research directions and entry-points in this rapidly expanding research area. Practitioners can also discover trend lines for future development, as well as identify extended themes for integration into the current MobIS field. This will benefit both the maintenance of current framework and the development of new business opportunities. 相似文献