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1.
欧盟“伊拉斯谟计划”及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
伊拉斯谟计划作为欧盟(欧共体)推动的欧洲国家间的大学生流动计划,为我们提供了了解欧洲高等教育跨国合作的一个独特视角。本文通过阐述伊拉斯谟计划的实施背景、目前情况以及相关评估,指出了欧盟在该计划之外致力于推动高等教育国际化的新举措。 相似文献
2.
MEI Cong-li SU Hong-ye CHU Jian 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(6):904-909
A novel mixed integer linear programming （NMILP） model for detection of gross errors is presented in this paper. Yamamura et al.（1988） designed a model for detection of gross errors and data reconciliation based on Akaike information criterion （AIC）. But much computational cost is needed due to its combinational nature. A mixed integer linear programming （MILP） approach was performed to reduce the computational cost and enhance the robustness. But it loses the super performance of maximum likelihood estimation. To reduce the computational cost and have the merit of maximum likelihood estimation, the simultaneous data reconciliation method in an MILP framework is decomposed and replaced by an NMILP subproblem and a quadratic programming （QP） or a least squares estimation （LSE） subproblem. Simulation result of an industrial case shows the high efficiency of the method. 相似文献
3.
Denis Clare 《Higher Education in Europe》1988,13(3):77-80
Academic mobility is up and running in the European Community. Beyond its borders, there are sign3 that non‐EC countries also do not want to be left out of what seems to be an important development. Hand on the heels of the Joint Study Programmes (1976‐1986), ERASMUS and COMETT have been launched albeit with limited budgets. Will their resources be sufficient to meet growing demand? What are the prospects for non‐Community countries that want to participate?.
This article assumes that the momentum for mobility will be greater than the resources available or predicted to meet it and that complementary strategies will have to be sought for and found if a great wave of enthusiasm for cooperation across borders is not to be frustrated. It describes the Council of Europe's recent initiatives in promoting transfrontier regional university cooperation, in various forms, and sees in them possible models for developing exchanges between regions on a modest flexible ad‐hoc basis. 相似文献
4.
Jean-Pierre Jallade 《European Journal of Education》2011,46(1):3-6
This article provides an overview of education cooperation in Europe seen though some of the major initiatives of international organizations (IOs) active in this field. The purpose of the article is two-fold:
- (i) mapping out IOs' most significant programmes according to their objectives and modes of cooperation as a pre-requisite to understand the mechanisms, achievements and shortcomings of education cooperation in Europe, and
- (ii) enquiring about the effectiveness of these programs in terms of effective influence on national education policies and systems.
5.
欧洲学分转换系统：从单一功能到双重功能的转变 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
欧盟国家在经济一体化深入进行的同时，也正朝着包括政治、文化一体化的目标努力。早在1987年，欧盟就在其成员国间进行了一项名为“伊拉斯莫”的高等教育合作计划，此计划旨在推动大学生在欧盟国家内的流动及通过合作提高欧盟国家高等教育的质量。在这个过程当中，欧盟委员会开发出了欧洲学分转换系统作为推动学生流动的工具，并取得了一定的效果。1999年《波洛尼亚宣言》发表，在肯定欧洲学分转换系统在促进学生流动方面的作用的同时，也希望将积累功能附加在欧洲学分系统之上，以促进终身学习。 相似文献
6.
Niek Wuyts Dorine Bruneel Myriam Meyers Etienne Van Hoof Leander De Vos Greet Langie 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2015,40(4):400-409
The Master of Science in engineering technology: biochemical engineering is organised in KU Leuven at four geographically dispersed campuses. To sustain the Master's programmes at all campuses, it is clear that a unique education profile at each campus is crucial. In addition, a rationalisation is required by increased cooperation, increased exchange of lecturers, and increased student mobility. To achieve this, a multicampus education system for the M.Sc. in engineering technology: biochemical engineering was developed by offering modules that are also available for students of other campuses. Such a module is primarily based on the research expertise present at the campus. In the development, special attention has been given to the optimal organisation of the modules, evaluation, required modifications of the current curricula, and the practical consequences for students following the module at another campus. Even in the first year of implementation, around 30% of the students followed a multicampus module, which indicates the potential success of the multicampus concept described here. 相似文献
7.
Carmen L. Vidal Rodeiro Rita Nádas 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2012,19(4):411-430
General Certificates of Secondary Education, known as GCSEs, are organised into modules which can be assessed at the end of the course (linear route) or at different points throughout the course (modular route). This research investigates students’ performance in English and mathematics in each assessment route and the effects of certification session and re-sits on examination outcomes using data from one English awarding body.
In mathematics, modular students performed better than linear students once prior attainment was accounted for. In contrast, modular assessment in English did not always lead to better performance. In the modular routes of English, students certificating early in the course were at a disadvantage compared to those certificating at the end. However, modular mathematics students obtained significantly better results in early sessions than at the end of the course. The benefits of re-sitting seemed clear, as most students performed better on their second attempt at a module than on their first. However, this did not often lead to an improvement on the module grade. 相似文献
8.
J. Donaldson A. Staropoli C. Thune T. Vroeijenstijn 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(1-2):116-133
The need for quality assessment in higher education, particularly in the European Union countries is explained. Four main systems of evaluation having many elements in common but also many differences have emerged in four of the European Union countries. The purpose of the pilot projects described is to reinforce cooperation among existing national evaluation agencies and to disperse and disseminate these methods to the other European Union countries so as to enhance awareness of the need for quality assessment and evaluation in higher education, impart a European dimension to quality assessment and evaluation, enrich national quality assessment procedures, and contribute to the improvement of the basis and the procedures for academic mobility and recognition. The procedures for setting up and conducting pilot evaluation projects in selected higher education institutions in the European Union countries over a period running from November 1994 to December 1995 are detailed.
9.
线性分式规划在经济管理领域有着广泛的应用,但分式规划是非线性优化模型,相对复杂。利用Frank-wolfe优化方法,将带有线性约束条件的一类线性分式规划转化为线性规划,求得此类线性分式规划的局部最优解;同时给出了算法的步骤,讨论了收敛性定理;通过数值实验,发现该算法具有迭代次数少等优点。 相似文献
10.
11.
Emília Rodrigues Araújo 《Higher Education in Europe》2007,32(4):387-397
The objective of this article based on interview data is focused on the mobility of Portuguese PhD students, mainly pointing to (i) their motivation for studying abroad and tackling with different foreign cultural environments; (ii) personal and professional interests; and (iii) their ability to face the mobility consequences encountered during both private lives and professional development processes. In addition, the author of this article attempts to put forward ideas on policy making and launching effective programmes that would enhance students' lives and scientific development as possible responses to current contradictory European political agendas in the field. 相似文献
12.
Evagelia Agelidou George Balafoutas Evgenia Flogaitis 《Environmental Education Research》2000,6(3):223-243
This article reports how a teaching strategy schematisation of concepts could influence the learning capability of third grade junior high school students. The teaching was planned and implemented within the framework of environmental education. A water module, water and its relationship with nature and contemporary man, was chosen for the teaching session. The study involved the participation of 171 third grade junior high school students (15 years of age), attending public schools in Athens and Thessaloniki. The sample was divided into an experimental group (N =84) and a control group (N= 87). The results of the investigation showed that the teaching strategy schematisation of concepts had a positive influence on the capability of junior high school students to structure: (a) causal relations of one link; (b) successive linear causal relations of more than one link; and (c) complex causal relations. 相似文献
13.
近年来,计算思维的培养受到国内外广泛关注,一线教师纷纷尝试应用各种编程软件来发展学生的计算思维。为了解不同编程软件、学业水平对学生计算思维发展的影响,本研究以成都某初中七年级共187名学生为研究对象,进行了为期3个月的准实验研究,探讨不同编程软件、学业水平、学生性别等条件下学生计算思维发展的差异。研究发现:(1)不同学业成绩水平的学生在编程软件的选择方面有不同的需求。对于学业成绩水平较低的学生,可视化编程优于代码编程,而对于学业成绩水平较高的学生,编程软件的影响并不显著。(2)学业成绩水平对学生计算思维的发展有显著影响,并呈较强的正向相关。(3)不同性别学生之间计算思维的发展并无显著差异。基于这些研究结果,本文针对初中编程教育,从编程软件的选择、教学策略的运用、教学实践的任务设置等方面提出了促进学生计算思维发展的三条建议。 相似文献
14.
随着长三角区域一体化进程的推进，区域合作机制的构建也在逐步形成。但从长三角区域合作机制的现状看，长三角区域合作中缺乏合作的制度框架和一套功能性的区域组织机构，缺乏统一的战略发展规划和一致性的区域合作规则。因此，应通过制度创新、建立跨行政区的协调管理机构、构建区域合作战略发展规划和合作规则，以促进长三角区域一体化的进一步发展。 相似文献
15.
Anne Corbett 《European Journal of Education》2011,46(1):36-53
How effective is EU cooperation in higher education? This article treats the issue as one of effectiveness in policy-making. What are the policy ideas which the EU wishes to feed into a policy domain where it has to operate largely through political cooperation and a modest degree of incentive funding? What outcomes are possible? The question is of interest since Europe has two processes which aim for a better regional integration of higher education in order to boost the quality of European higher education and to make a global impact. These are the world- famous Bologna Process and the EU process to drive Europe's universities to make better use of their interlinked roles of education, research and innovation, part of a larger strategy (EU 2020, Lisbon) for European Union growth to support employment, productivity and social cohesion. Building on the theoretical insights of an institutionalist literature concerned with the dynamics of European policy-making in the knowledge domain (Maassen & Olsen, 2007; Gornitzka, 2006, 2010) and complementary theories of historical institutionalism (Pierson, 2003, Thelen, 2003) and agenda setting (Kingdon, 1995), this article examines policy-making on higher education cooperation in the European arena since the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992. It seeks answers to two questions. Why did the Bologna Process dominate the agenda from 1999 to 2004? How did the European Commission acquire the power to shape the issue of European higher education cooperation? Rejecting simple spillover explanations, it theorises in terms of policy entrepreneurship why the EU has latterly been effective in shaping European cooperation in higher education. 相似文献
16.
The aim of this study is to investigate whether a programming activity might serve as a learning vehicle for mathematics acquisition in grades four and five. For this purpose, the effects of a programming activity, an essential component of computational thinking, were evaluated on learning outcomes of three mathematical notions: Euclidean division (N = 1,880), additive decomposition (N = 1,763) and fractions (N = 644). Classes were randomly assigned to the programming (with Scratch) and control conditions. Multilevel analyses indicate negative effects (effect size range −0.16 to −0.21) of the programming condition for the three mathematical notions. A potential explanation of these results is the difficulties in the transfer of learning from programming to mathematics. 相似文献
17.
《学校用计算机》2013,30(3-4):67-80
Summary This article reviews the development and delivery of a Higher Education course module as part of a large European University's Integrated Masters Program operating through a regional network of Rural Area Training and Information Opportunities (RATIO) telematic centres. The aim of the project was to provide remote learners living in the southwest of England with computer-supported solutions to access higher education as part of a technology-assisted distance education program. The module represented a shift from traditional educational delivery systems by using instructional courseware via an Internet Web site. Personal communications with module participants were conducted with the use of e-mail and videoconferencing information technology (IT) resources. Out of the original sixteen participants who enrolled in this Masters course module, four actually completed the learning sessions and two submitted final assignments. This article considers the key lessons learned from this attrition rate and shares the mainly positive experiences of the remote tutor and the students engaged in this initiative. The implications regarding the use of the Internet for delivering higher education course modules through online distance learning are discussed in the light of cautions learned from this research project and important practical recommendations for future practice are made. 相似文献
18.
The paper discusses the approaches of virtual university strategies and developments in Europe. The discussion is partly based on the work done in the Activity 5 in the EU Thematic Network E4 and partly to the experiences gained through the activities of EUNITE virtual university network of six European universities. Based on our experience we see, that e-learning and virtual university approach can be used for renewal of teaching and learning, both on and off campus. Just three years ago, universities seemed mainly to aim only to develop on campus teaching and learning through ICT. Lately, the use of e-learning as a tool for international cooperation and for virtual mobility (Virtual Erasmus) has started to develop through the activities of the European Union e-learning programmes and through the activities of some European university networks, like EUNITE. To promote virtual universities and e-learning, commitment and actions at all levels from EU to individual institutions are needed. 相似文献
19.
In hard real-time systems, schedulability analysis is not only one of the important means of guaranteeing the timelines of embedded software but also one of the fundamental theories of applying other new techniques, such as energy savings and fault tolerance. However, most of the existing schedulability analysis methods assume that schedulers use preemptive scheduling or non-preemptive scheduling. In this paper, we present a schedulability analysis method, i.e., the worst-case hybrid scheduling （WCHS） algorithm, which considers the influence of release jitters of transactions and extends schedulability analysis theory to timing analysis of linear transactions under fixed priority hybrid scheduling. To the best of our knowledge, this method is the first one on timing analysis of linear transactions under hybrid scheduling. An example is employed to demonstrate the use of this method. Experiments show that this method has lower computational complexity while keeping correctness, and that hybrid scheduling has little influence on the average worst-case response time （WCRT）, but a negative impact on the schedulability of systems. 相似文献
20.
Internationalisation of higher education: European experiences 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
U. Teichler 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2009,10(1):93-106
‘Internationalisation’ is generally defined as increasing cross-border activities amidst persistence of borders, while ‘globalisation’
refers to similar activities concurrent to an erosion of borders. Study mobility is viewed as the most visible component in
this framework in Europe with ERASMUS as the largest scheme of temporary mobility. ERASMUS was a trigger for a qualitative
leap of internationalisation strategies and policies since the 1990s: towards cooperation and mobility on equal terms, and
towards systematic and strategic internationalisation. The ‘Bologna Process’ aimed to make higher education more attractive
to students from other parts of the world and to facilitate intra-European mobility; however, many other activities are needed
to stimulate mobility, and the Bologna Process pursues many other objectives. It remains to be seen whether supra-national
and national policies and institutional strategies will continue to opt for wide-ranging cooperation based on mutual trust
or whether the ‘competition paradigm’ will determine the scene. 相似文献