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1.
In this paper, we present a two-dimensional numerical analysis of the conjugate natural convection and radiation heat transfer in a double-space enclosure with two semitransparent walls. Two kinds of boundary conditions are considered, the first being the isothermal process of the opaque wall, and the other the incidence of a constant radiation flux in the left semitransparent wall. The renormalization group k – ε model is adopted to simulate the turbulent flow in the enclosure. To compute the radiation heat transfer in a semitransparent medium, the discrete ordinates model is used. We compare the behaviors of enclosures with single and double semitransparent walls and determine the difference in the results obtained for semitransparent and opaque partitions. The results indicate that a semitransparent partition facilitates a reduction in the heat loss or obtains a higher temperature distribution. The transmittance of a semitransparent wall has a great effect on the thermal and flow characteristics in an enclosure. The change of wall temperature is found to be significant when the thermal conductivity values range from 0.05 to 0.5 W/(m·K), and to be small when ranging from 0.5 to 10 W/(m·K). These conclusions are helpful for green design and energy saving in solar buildings. 相似文献
2.
ZHANG Chen-xi CHEN Ya-zhu 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(8):1237-1245
A 3D ultrasound thermal model with a 3D finite element representation for modeling the thermal diffusion effects for hepatic ablation induced by spherical-section ultrasound phased array was developed. The model was first validated against available published measured data in rat liver. Using the validated model,effects of blood perfusion and heating schemes on lesion formation were studied for both single focus and split-focus intensity patterns. It was shown that for single focus sonication pattern the short-duration(～2 s) and high-intensity(～1250 W/cm2) heating scheme can completely reduce the cooling effect of the blood perfusion. The lesion shape and size were significantly altered by perfusion for split-focus pattern even with a rapid heating scheme when the focus spacing was larger than 2.4 mm. Underdosed areas might be present between two foci. Prolonging ex-posure time or shortening focus spacing can reduce the cool region between two foci. In addition,the influences of thermal and acoustic parameters were also studied. When the therapy depth is short(<5 cm) ,the lesion size monotonically increases with increasing attenuation coefficient that ranges from 5.4 to 11 Np/(m?MHz) . 相似文献
3.
Measurement of the thermal transport properties of dielectric thin films using the micro-Raman method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The micro-Raman method is a non-contact and non-destructive method for thermal conductivity measurement. To reduce the measurement error induced by the poor fit of the basic equation of the original micro-Raman method, we developed a new basic equation for the heat source ofa Gaussian laser beam. Based on the new basic equation, an analytical heat transfer model has been built to extend the original micro-Raman method to thin films with submicrometer- or nanometer-scale thickness. Experiments were performed to measure the thermal conductivity of dielectric thin films with submicrometer- or nanometer-scale thickness. The thermal resistance of the interface between dielectric thin films and their silicon substrate was also obtained. The obtained thermal conductivity of silicon dioxide film is 1.23 W/（m.K）, and the interface thermal resistance between silicon dioxide film and substrate is 2.35×10^-8 m^2.K/W. The thermal conductivity and interface thermal resistance of silicon nitride film are 1.07 W/（m.K） and 3.69×10^-8 m^2.K/W, respectively. The experimental results are consistent with reported data. 相似文献
4.
Based on the surface energy balance model which is widely used abroad, a temperature and humidity field coupling model of conservatory soil without crop vegetation in full illumination was established. Considering the relatively closed environment in conservatory, weak solar radiation and little surface evaporation of soil, the daily variation of water content in different soil layers may be neglected, then the temperature and humidity field coupling model was simplified to a one-dimensional thermal diffusion model. The simplified model and the temperature and humidity field coupling model adopted the same computational method of soil physical parameters and discrete format of heat diffusion differential equations, and were applied to the continuous simulation of temperature field in conservatory soil without crop vegetation in full illumination. Through the comparison between simulation results and experimental data, the precision of the simplified model was verified. The typical rule of soil heat flux variation in a 24 h cycle was also obtained. 相似文献
5.
The experimental performance of small-sized ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) is researched intensively. However, there are little data documenting the operation performance of existing large-sized GCHP system. We presented the actual performance measurement of a GCHP installed for apartment buildings in Wuhan, Hubei province, P. R. China. The system was constructed with a closed vertical typed ground heat exchanger with a total pipe length of 32 000 m. During one year, various operating parameters were monitored, including the outdoor temperature, the flow rate, the electrical consumption, and the water temperature. The seasonal coefficients of performances of the heat pumps and the system based on the measured data were found to be 4.01 and 2.96 in the cooling season, and 3.54 and 2.86 in the heating season, respectively. The GCHP system was more economical than the air-source room air conditioner in the energy efficiency which was increased by 29 in cooling mode and 50 in heating mode. There was an obvious heat imbalance of soil between the injection rate and the extraction rate in the residential GCHP system operation. 相似文献
6.
陈登福 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(4):242-248
The mathematical model of high-efficiency continuous billet casting was developed, incorporating the effective spraying water coefficient and the effective specific spraying water flowrate of secondary cooling. To realize uniform cooling in secondary cooling zones, the spraying cooling structure and the arrangement of nozzles were redesigned and optimized, and an additional spraying cooling zone was used. A new secondary cooling model of spraying water was built. It was found that the required spraying water flowrate of a cooling zone was related with the casting speed, the casting temperature, the compositions of liquid steel and the cooling water temperature of secondary cooling. The operation of the reformed caster proved that the spraying cooling structure and the new secondary cooling model were suitable, and the casting speed was greatly enhanced. The highest casting speed was (3.8 to 4.0) m/min for billet with a section of 150×150 mm2. The quality and the output of the billet were improved, and the economical benefit was heightened. 相似文献
7.
A novel metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique has been applied to the preparation of the photocatalytic titanium dioxide supported on activated carbon. The effects of various condition parameters such as carrier gas flow rate, source temperature and deposition temperature on the deposition rate were investigated. The maximum deposition rate of 8.2 mg/(g·h) was obtained under conditions of carrier gas flow rate of 400 ml/min, source temperature of 423 K and deposition temperature of 913 K. The deposition rate followed Arrhenius behavior at temperature of 753 K to 913 K, corresponding to activation energy Ea of 51.09 kJ/mol. TiO2 existed only in anatase phase when the deposition temperature was 773 K to 973 K. With increase of deposition temperature from 1073 K to 1273 K, the rutile content sharply increased from 7% to 70%. It was found that a deposition temperature of 773 K and a higher source temperature of 448 K resulted in finely dispersed TiO2 particles, which were mainly in the 相似文献
8.
Experimental investigation on system with combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector
This paper presents the heating performance and energy distribution of a system with the combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector or a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system (SAGSHPS) by calculation and experiment.The results show that the average absolute error is less than 0.6 ℃ and the relative error is less than 5% under the pulse load when the analytical solution to the 2-D solid cylindrical source model is used for the SAGSHPS.The coefficient of performance (COP) of the SAGSHPS is 2.95-4.70.The average fluid temperature in the borehole heat exchanger can increase by 3 ℃ with the assistance of solar collector,which will improve the COP of the heat pump by approximately 10% from the experimental data.The energy contributions to the total heating load of soil,electricity and solar are 56.30%,36.87% and 6.83%,respectively. 相似文献
9.
Soil in a cold region is subject to frequent freezing and thawing cycles. Soil frozen for a prolonged period may cause adverse freeze damage to the plants due to cell dehydration or root cell rupture. It is important to understand the detailed heat transfer behaviors of the freezing and thawing processes to prevent freeze damage, and to devise proper mitigation measures for effective pot planting in cold regions. A theoretical model was developed to analyze the transient moving phase-change interface heat transfer in the freezing and thawing of porous potting soil. The theoretical derivation is based on the assumption that the soil freezes completely at a single temperature. Microscopic poromechanic effects on heat transfer behavior were ignored. The spatial domain of the problem was simplified to a 1 D spherical coordinate system with variation in the radial direction. Green＇s function was applied to solve for the time-dependent body temperature. Experiments were conducted for validation of the theoretical model Reasonable agreement between the theoretical predictions and experimental measurements was obtained. The theoretical model developed can be easily used to determine the sensitivity of various parameters in the freezing/thawing processes, e.g., thermal properties of soil, ambient temperature, and planting pot size. 相似文献
10.
Water distribution networks are essential components of water supply systems. The combination of pipe structural deterioration and mechanics leads to the failure of pipelines. A physical model for estimating the pipe failure must include both the pipe deterioration model and mechanics model. Winkler pipe-soil interaction （WPSI）, an analytical mechanics model developed by Rajani and Tesfamariam （2004）, takes external and internal loads, temperature changes, loss of bedding support, and the elastoplastic effect of soil into consideration. Based on the WPSI model, a method to evaluate the elastic and plastic areas was proposed in the present study. An FEM model based on pipe-soil interaction （PSI） element was used to verify the analytical model. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the soft soil, long pipe and high temperature induced the axial plastic deformation more likely, which, however, may not occur in normal scenarios. The soft soil, pipes in small diameters, long unsupported bedding are prone to form flexural plastic area. The results show that the pipes subjected to the same loads have smaller stresses in the elastoplastic analysis than elastic analysis. The difference, however, is slight. 相似文献
11.
QIN Feng CHEN Jiang-ping ZHANG Wen-feng CHEN Zhi-jiu 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(2):197-204
INTRODUCTION Metal hydrides are special alloys which absorb and desorb hydrogen reversibly. At room temperature, metal hydrides could absorb as much hydrogen as liquid hydrogen of the same volume under much lower pressure and much higher temperature (Güther and Otto, 1999). Massive reaction heat is generated accompanying this reaction, which could be used for waste heat recovery, solar energy utilization and re-frigeration with no side effect to environment (Izhvanov et al., 1996). Con… 相似文献
12.
焊条电弧焊焊接时由于热源在移动,母材金属各点经历着热循环的历程,这种历程不仅会使焊接母材的组织和性能产生不均匀变化,同时还会使焊接区域产生扭转、残余应力和变形。为了提高焊接的质量,简化焊条电弧焊焊接的实验过程,运用Simufact-Welding软件对Q345钢进行T形焊接仿真,对比分析焊件不完全约束和完全约束两种方法下在焊条电弧焊焊接过程中熔合线处的加热速度、加热最高温度、高温持续时间和t8/5时间。结果表明:该仿真过程中,其它参数相同的情况下,不同的焊件装夹方法得到不同结果的热循环参数,不完全约束下的加热速度比完全约束方法下的加热速度快且平稳,加热最高温度高,高温持续时间平稳,不预热t8/5时间长。 相似文献
13.
吉世Yu 《昆明师范高等专科学校学报》2001,23(4):77-78
通过对温度从300K到2500K范围内，作为热发射体常用基底金属W的导热系数的实验结果进行分析，得到了W的导热系数随温度变化的经验公式，为W作为基底的发射材料的热学研究提供了依据。 相似文献
14.
在压缩机非变频,且有从关闭到开启冷却时间限制的培养箱情景中,传统定点开关结合 PID 的控制算法往往达不到预期的控制精度。针对该情况,在先控温再控湿的策略下,设计一种对压缩机表现进行线性估计的算法。算法在压缩机间断工作时,线性量化上一个升降温周期内的降温斜率和升温斜率,以此估计本周期降温时间及降温点,以满足压缩机冷却时间要求并减小温度振幅,最终实现对温湿度的稳定控制。通过搭建实物进行测试,结果表明,在温度存在采集扰动的情况下,该算法的温度控制偏差相比传统定点控制算法,由 ±1℃缩减到 ±0.5℃ ,湿度控制偏差也达到 ±5%RH 的水平。 相似文献
15.
A novel fiber strain sensor is proposed, based on the two-mode interference of a suspended-core fiber. A fullvectorial finite difference mode solver is employed as the numerical tool for characterizing the proposed strain sensor. The numerical results show that the proposed strain sensor has an estimated sensitivity of 0.05 rad/(m·με), higher than that of the strain sensors using conventional multimode fibers, while the temperature sensitivity of the proposed sensor is relatively low. 相似文献
16.
INTRODUCTION It is recognized that the transfer of soil moistureand heat occur simultaneously and are interrelated.Since the 1950s, many models have been developed,based on two nonisothermal water-heat coupledmodels by Philip and de Vries (1957) and Taylor andLary (1964), respectively. In China, some researcheson modeling coupled transfer of soil moisture andheat have also been conducted on the arid soils innorthern China (Kang et al., 1993; Guo and Li, 1997;Hu et al., 1992; … 相似文献
17.
A novel metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique has been applied to the preparation of the photocatalytic
titanium dioxide supported on activated carbon. The effects of various condition parameters such as carrier gas flow rate,
source temperature and deposition temperature on the deposition rate were investigated. The maximum deposition rate of 8.2
mg/(g·h) was obtained under conditions of carrier gas flow rate of 400 ml/min, source temperature of 423 K and deposition
temperature of 913 K. The deposition rate followed Arrhenius behavior at temperature of 753 K to 913 K, corresponding to activation
energy E
a of 51.09 kJ/mol. TiO2 existed only in anatase phase when the deposition temperature was 773 K to 973 K. With increase of deposition temperature
from 1073 K to 1273 K, the rutile content sharply increased from 7% to 70%. It was found that a deposition temperature of
773 K and a higher source temperature of 448 K resulted in finely dispersed TiO2 particles, which were mainly in the range of 10–20 nm.
Project (No. 90206007) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 相似文献