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研究了用电子自旋顺磁共振(ESR)法对香烟烟气中的自由基进行分析的样品处理方法及ESR检测方法.对四种英国产香烟样品中的粒相及气相自由基进行了分析检测并对检测结果进行了讨论.结论:大多数英国产的检测样品香烟中,含有1.5～3倍于国产对照香烟样品的气相自由基;而国产对照样品香烟的粒相自由基的含量水平则处于较高水平.实验结果还显示:同品牌的Sobranie香烟中,不同型号样品中粒相自由基含量与焦油含量具有负相关性,但不同品牌则不同;对于检测样品而言,气相自由基的含量与焦油含量有正相关性. 相似文献
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明代安徽地区的文人结社共有32家,位居全国第三,社事呈现出数量众多、种类齐全、分布不均、规模有限等特点。全国文人结社的大背景和周边地区的结社活动使得安徽的文人结社较为发达,地理环境的特征和文化发展的大势使得安徽的文人结社区域分布不均,各地经济、教育、文化发展水平的差异使得安徽的文人结社过多集中于徽州地区．而明代社会发展... 相似文献
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钦州湾表层海水温度盐度及pH值时空变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2009年春夏秋冬4个季节调查资料,分析钦州湾表层海水温度、盐度及pH值的季节变化和分布特征。结果表明：钦州湾海水平均温度春季20．4℃,夏季30．1℃,秋季16．0℃,冬季14．6℃,变化特征与气温的季节变化相同,空间分布为夏秋季河口区的水温都略高于湾口区,而春冬季则相反。海水平均盐度春季20．067,夏季17．975,秋季23．864,冬季23．660,表现为秋季〉冬季〉春季〉夏季,各季节空间分布总体表现为河口区低,湾口区高的趋势。海水pH平均值春季7．82,夏季8．11,秋季8．01,冬季8．10,全年空间分布高值区均出现在大风江口外海域。钦州湾海水比较适宜大蚝、对虾、文蛤等广温广盐性品种的海水养殖。 相似文献
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Jackie F.K. Lee 《Gender and education》2014,26(4):356-376
This article seeks to investigate whether the improvement of the status of women in Hong Kong in recent decades, effected through various efforts to promote the values of equal opportunity concepts, is reflected in patterns of gender representation in primary school textbooks used in Hong Kong. A comparison of a popular series of primary school English-language textbooks that was published in 2005 with the same series published in 1988 (12 books in total) revealed increase in gender equity in the more recent books, including increased visibility of women both visually and textually. Nevertheless, the findings also revealed a perpetuation of some stereotyped images of the two genders and portrayals of women in a more limited range of social roles than men. The ‘male-first’ phenomenon and the visual and textual under-representation of women were still prevalent in the contemporary textbooks. The potential impacts on children of unbalanced gender representation in textbooks are discussed within the framework of social cognitive theory. 相似文献
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Undoubtedly the acquisition of mathematical skills for problem solving is critically important in today’s sophisticated technological world. There is growing evidence that meta-cognition application is an important component of academic success in general and impacts on mathematical achievement in particular. Teachers’ application of meta-cognition therefore directs and reflects their teaching-practice behaviour which influences their learners’ learning with understanding in problem-solving. The purpose of the study reported on in this article was to explore teachers’ available meta-cognitive skills in class with the intention of supporting learners’ development of mathematics in problem-solving in some selected rural primary schools in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The participants were three teachers purposefully selected from three primary schools. Interviews were conducted with the three teachers and three lessons were observed. The interviews, as an extension of observation, focused on the teachers’ knowledge or understanding of available meta-cognitive skills and how they used these skills in helping their learners’ development of mathematics problem-solving. The findings included a detailed exploration of the teachers’ acquisition and use of specific metacognitive skills, either consciously or unconsciously, during teaching and learning processes in order to develop their mathematics learners’ meta-cognitive skills as well as in solving mathematical problems. The results of the observation showed that there was evidence of teachers applying meta-cognitive skills unconsciously in assisting their learners in problemsolving in class. The interviews confirmed this evidence of available meta-cognitive skills which the teachers usually applied in assisting their learners in problem-solving in class. Recommendations have been made regarding teachers’ methods of teaching to improve the development of such skills in the lives of their mathematics learners through problemsolving. 相似文献
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冰心是20世纪中国最杰出的文学大师之一。她从1919年五四运动之后,便开始了文学创作。她的作品,如"问题小说"、小诗、散文和儿童文学开创了新文学的先河,而"冰心体"的创造,则是她最杰出的贡献。"爱的哲学"的提出又使她成为现代文学史上最有个性,最有特色的一位女性作家。但是,至今冰心的作品受到评论界充分关注的仍只是她20年代的作品,她三四十年代作品所体现出的一以贯之的对爱与美的追求及其艺术风格,却一直为研究者所忽略,这自然有碍于对冰心创作全貌的把握。本文拟以冰心三四十年代的生活为立足点,试图对她这一阶段的重要作品所表现出的文学精神及艺术风格予以解释。 相似文献
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Marguerita McGovern 《Pastoral Care in Education》2013,31(3):235-252
The aim and objective of this study is to examine and compare how schools in Galway, Republic of Ireland and Derry in the North of Ireland (cities located within two independent jurisdictions in Ireland) manage and respond to bereavement. To carry out a survey of schools, the ‘Loss in Schools’ questionnaire is considered the most suitable tool. The questionnaire, which contains 10 questions designed to unearth pertinent issues including the needs and concerns of schools, had previously been administered in studies in Hull. Sixty questionnaires were administered in both Galway and Derry, with a return of 38 and 35, respectively. This study illuminates important aspects of the topic. The schools in both Galway and Derry rate bereavement (and parental separation) as highly important in terms of priorities. In terms of policy, some of the respondents in both study sites report that loss is included in their school's policy documents but not formally included in the curriculum. A designated staff member (who would speak to the pupil experiencing the death of a family member or significant other) is evident in 37% of Derry schools and 23% of Galway schools. Some members of staff in both study sites have attended training in bereavement, although the courses are relatively short term. Schools request assistance from other agencies outside the formal schools arena in times of need. In Galway the psychology services are most commonly consulted, while in Derry the Western Education and Library Board Bereavement Counselling teams and Cruse Bereavement Care are identified as additional resources from which help is sought. This paper outlines recommendations on schools' training needs in the area of child bereavement and the request for support to help further develop and formalise school policies. 相似文献
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唐宋元历史时期,石家庄书院经历了由初建到蓬勃发展.全国大部分地区书院的发展大多在两宋时期,石家庄书院同期水平与全国其他地区书院发展态势相比,明显落后.但元代石家庄书院却保持着一种上升趋势,就河北省域而论处于前列.相对于全省书院分布,石家庄书院分布比例相对较高,其书院的历史人文环境和教育教学理念为石家庄教育文化的发展奠定了基础 相似文献
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本文评述杜祖贻教授1970年在首届世界比较教育大会论文集发表的论文.在加拿大渥太华举行的这次大会标志着目前拥有 42 个成员协会的世界比较教育学会联合会(WCCES)的诞生.第16届世界比较教育大会将于2016年8月在北京主办,由中国教育学会比较教育分会(CCES)承办.因此,这篇原载于香港比较教育学会(CESHK)2005年《比较教育简报》的论文得以重刊,可谓适逢其时.本文从时间和地域两个维度对新加坡与香港地区的比较教育及教师教育进行比较,力图解释对这两个地方不同时期教师教育进行比较研究带来的悖论.这些分析也许会激发包括中国大陆在内的世界其他国家和地区的有关讨论. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTSince its inception in the 1980s, the meta-ethnography approach for synthesising qualitative study accounts has been used extensively in health and social care research and to a lesser extent in educational research. The aim of this article is to reflect on the evolution of the method in both fields. It starts by describing the meta-ethnography approach, charts the rise of evidence-based research in health-related research, and explores the growth in the rate of published health-related meta-ethnographies. It proceeds by offering some explanation for the slower growth in the use of meta-ethnography in educational research. It explains this using the history of the early developments of qualitative approaches in Education and their underpinning paradigms. It then discusses key meta-ethnographies conducted in education, comparing those to more recent ones, in terms of methodological development. The article concludes by drawing lessons about how the conduct of meta-ethnography may be improved in any discipline. 相似文献
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王文戈 《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2006,45(2):90-97
本文阐述文学作品中梦的真实性建构方式。首先,文学作品中的梦的真实性表现在叙述的真实上。这主要有:文学作品中的梦与现实情节(内容)的界限相互渗透;文学作品中的梦的引发因素存在于现实中;文学作品中的梦的叙述者用以假当真的态度和口吻进行叙述。其次,文学作品中的梦的真实性还表现在文学作品中的梦的影响效果是确凿真实的。这主要有:梦的预兆在生活中得到应验;梦的证据在现实中是确凿的;梦者的情感体验是真实的。第三,文学作品中的梦的真实性还表现在文学作品中的梦的细节的真实性上。真实的细节(即日常的细节)对梦的怪诞具有否定的作用。因此,文学作品中的梦又往往成为怪诞与真实的统一体。 相似文献
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Shaping a culture: oral histories of academic development in Australian universities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Academic development has had an approximately forty‐year history within Australian higher education, paralleling the major expansions and changes in the sector, both nationally and internationally. Its principal concerns have been the improvement of teaching and the professional development of the academics who teach. The history of academic development has gone largely undocumented and unexamined at a national level, in Australia and elsewhere. However, as university teaching has increasingly become important in relation to quality in higher education, academic development has become a central player in the work of universities. It becomes of particular importance at this time to garner a more thorough understanding of the continuities as well as the discontinuities in the meanings and practices of university teaching and in the work of those whose role has been to support its development. This article presents a discussion of two key themes identified from a set of oral history interviews conducted with early leaders in academic development in Australia. These themes offer different insights into issues and understandings of academic development in today’s university. The first concerns a perennial issue in academic development – the struggle to define academic development’s emerging ethos in relation to research and service to the broader university’s endeavour. The second theme represents an issue that has been forgotten or marginalised in the official accounts of academic development but which lives on in the ‘lore’ of the field – the role of activism in the shaping of university teaching and academic development. 相似文献
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灌输式教育曾经是西方教育中最有影响的教育方式之一.20世纪以来,西方教育的最大变化就是对灌输式教育的彻底否定.这一过程极大地促进了现代西方教育观念的转变,推动了西方教育进入新的发展阶段.目前,中国教育仍然可以看到灌输式教育的影响.中国教育改革应当从西方教育家否定灌输式教育的历史过程中进行反思,实现真正的转变. 相似文献
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该研究通过对成都大学学前教育学院和新西兰怀卡托理工学院教育学院学前教育本科的课程设置进行比较分析,探讨中新两国学前教育本科专业在人才培养目标、课程构成、课程目标、课程实施等方面的差异.结果显示中国学前教育本科课程设置在人才培养目标方面同新西兰相比呈现出多元性,两国课堂教学学时差异悬殊,中国学前教育本科课程门类更为复杂,课程目标达成情况不如新西兰,新西兰学前教育课程实施经验值得中国学前教育专业课程改革借鉴. 相似文献
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董瑞美 《辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2003,26(4):101-104
南朝四代历史人物的地域分布具有以下特点：虽然分布省区的数量比较接近，但每省区拥有的人物数量却表现出极大的不均衡，更为突出的表现是：各朝的人数分布呈现出明显的高聚集性特征；具体到各省区，其人物大体上都是以零星分布为主，仅少数地区呈密集型分布。造成这种差异的原因有家族政治地位、区域化和移民以及区域政治、经济控制的加强有关。据此可得，南朝四代政治力量的地域分布的特点是：南方政治力量不断上升，但南朝南方政治力量仍弱于北方政治力量。 相似文献
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曹炜 《苏州教育学院学报》2013,(6):33-38
自18世纪中叶到20世纪中叶,北京话旁称代词系统在句法、语义上呈现出了比较明显的发展变化,这种发展变化在三个时期的三部典型的北京话文献《红楼梦》《儿女英雄传》《正红旗下》中得到了充分的反映。就旁称代词系统而言,历时嬗变的发生轨迹是：由18世纪中叶的＂别人、人家、别人家、他人、旁人＂阵容切换到了19世纪中叶的＂人家、别人、他人、旁人＂阵容,并最终切换到了20纪中叶的＂别人、人家＂阵容,期间的此消彼长、删汰整合昭然。就旁称代词个体而言,历时嬗变的发生轨迹是：1.＂别人＂由18世纪的炙热到19世纪的没落,再到20世纪的重新走强;2＂.人家＂由18世纪的初露锋芒到19世纪的首度大大超越＂别人＂而一枝独秀,再到20世纪与＂别人＂的平分天下;3＂.他人＂这个曾经在相当长的时段内的旁称代词家族的宠儿由18世纪的颓势已现到19世纪的英雄末路,直至20世纪的难觅踪影;4.不温不火一路走来的＂旁人＂由18世纪的衰落到19世纪的走向没落,直至20世纪的淡出我们的视线;5.产生于元代的＂别人家＂由18世纪的衰弱到19世纪的没落,直至20世纪的只留存在部分方言中而在北京话中彻底消亡。 相似文献