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一、正确认识现代短跑运动专项力量训练的指导思想及特点
短跑运动力量训练的指导思想,其准确与否的关键取决于对现代短跑运动技术发展趋势——短跑运动的特征、有效跑动技术,以及短跑运动专项特征的理解与把握。 相似文献
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李雪艳 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2005,23(1)
从现代短跑运动技术结构特征、运动生理学和运动心理学角度 ,分析影响短跑肌肉放松及如何尽可能地保持短跑最高速度的机制 ,并就提高短跑运动肌肉放松能力 ,对短跑教学与训练提出一些参考意见。 相似文献
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摆动腿踝关节足背屈对提高短跑技术的重要性周兴田摆动技术是短跑运动的关键技术环节,强调摆动效果是现代短跑技术的主要特征。合理而实效的技术是“表达”有机体运动能力的最重要途径。通过近年的深入学习和从事体育教学、组织运动训练,笔者认为：摆动腿踝关节足背屈对... 相似文献
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短跑是周期性的速度、速度力量与技术相结合的体能项目,力量素质是短跑运动员必备的主要运动素质之一,是掌握和运用技术、战术的基础。力量训练是短跑运动员训练的核心内容,科学合理地进行专项力量素质训练,是提高短跑运动成绩的关键。一、现代短跑运动技术特征现代短跑技术已经从传统的"后蹬式"转向"屈蹬式",其本质特征是以髋为轴的高速摆动平动运动,在整个跑的过程中,运动员是以前脚掌着地,足踵基本不接触地面,脚掌趾和踝关节肌群 相似文献
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力量训练是提高短跑运动员成绩和技术的基础,近来被越来越多的短跑教练员所重视。力量训练应在对现代短跑项目特征、技术本质认识和理解的前提下进行。在掌握现代短跑技术的基础上,系统地分析人体肌肉的用力特点。在训练方法上,还应该遵循力量训练的原则。本文中,笔者本着这一思路对短跑运动的力量训练进行了系统的探讨。 相似文献
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对短跑专门性练习的认识 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对传统和改革后的两种短跑专门性练习在动作结构、动作幅度、用力特征及练习的心理定向等方面进行分析比较,指出新的短跑专门性练习更接近或符合现代短跑技术动作,它对运动员掌握合理的短跑技术,提高训练效果有其重要作用。就此建议短跑训练界,结合具体训练对象,探求和运用有利于掌握现代短跑技术的教学方法和练习手段,达到提高技术和运动水平的目的。 相似文献
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现代短跑摆腿技术的分析及训练手段设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对现代短跑技术的再认识，从运动的统一体特征、运动力学和运动生理学角度分析现代短跑的摆腿技术，论述了摆腿技术是提高跑速的主要因素之一，并设计了摆腿技术的训练手段与方法。 相似文献
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谈当前短跑技术专门练习的几点不足 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
短跑技术的专门练习是掌握和提高专 项技术、专项成绩的重要教学、训练手段，也是有效发展青少年短跑专项力量的主要练习方法。但由于受传统观念的束缚和理论研究滞后的影响，教练员在运用科技成果、更新技术概念和自身的业务学习等方面都不能适应现代田径运动的发展，在短跑技术的教学和训练中，仍沿用传统陈旧的练习方法与手段，缺乏创新意识，严重地影响了短跑运动朝着现代技术方向的发展。 就现代短跑技术而言，其本质特征是以髋为轴的高速摆动──平动运动。研究表明：在高速跑中，髋关节的运动幅度和角速度均大于膝、踝两关节，伸髋肌… 相似文献
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徐开春 《沈阳体育学院学报》2004,23(5):695-697
通过对不同训练水平短跑运动员相关肌群变化规律的探索,揭示现代短跑运动肌肉工作特点及内在联系,为今后短跑运动教学与训练提供参考和咨询。 相似文献
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根据现代“屈蹬式”短跑技术的特征，在对传统短跑专门性练习分析的基础上。提出一种适应现代“屈蹬式”短跑技术的专门性练习，为掌握现代短跑技术和提高专项成绩提供有效的教学、训练手段。 相似文献
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现代短跑技术特点及发展趋势 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
王鲁克 《山东体育学院学报》2000,16(3):33-35
现代短跑技术具有四大特点即快速摆动型技术、屈膝式技术、高速跑中的放松技术和全程跑有序的节奏;其技术朝着“三化”方向发展,即技术规范化、个体化、最优化。 相似文献
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Dany Lafontaine 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):391-406
Little biomechanical research has been conducted recently on hockey skating despite the sport's worldwide appeal. One reason for this lack of biomechanical knowledge stems from the difficulty of collecting data. The lack of accuracy, the disputable realism of treadmills, and the large field of view required are some of the technical challenges that have to be overcome. The main objective of the current study was to improve our knowledge of the joint kinematics during the skating stroke. A second objective was to improve the data collection system we developed and the third was to establish if a kinematic progression exists in the hockey skating stroke similar to that in speed skating. Relative motions at the knee and ankle joints were computed using a joint coordinate system approach. The differences at the knee joints in push-offs indicated that the skating skill was progressively changing with each push-off. The relative stability of the ankle angles can be attributed to the design of the skate boots, which have recently become very rigid. Further research on ice hockey skating is warranted and should include more skaters and investigate the effect various starting strategies and variations in equipment have on skaters' performance. 相似文献
13.
高广飞 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2006,24(4)
跨栏运动技术比较复杂,特别是起跨腿在摆越过栏时,需要速度快、技术娴熟。而在教学训练中运动员却受心理和技术等因素影响,不仅有恐惧心理,而且过栏时起跨腿滞留时间过长。为解除这些问题,采用弹拉式辅助教学方法,收到较好的训练效果。 相似文献
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3种最新网球双手反拍抽球技术分析与训练研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
王凯军 《武汉体育学院学报》2006,40(9):71-74
当今网球比赛正流行双手反拍的打法,与20年前相比,有更多的人使用了双手反拍抽球技术。这种打法给没有经验和较弱的运动员增添了信心和力量。对当今网坛3种最新双手反拍抽球技术的握拍方法、发力方式、技术特点、适宜人群及现代化训练方法进行了分析,不同的网球选手应根据自身的特点选择适合自己的双手反拍抽球技术。 相似文献
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Saraslanidis P Petridou A Bogdanis GC Galanis N Tsalis G Kellis S Mougios V 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(11):1167-1174
Repeated-sprint training often involves short sprints separated by inadequate recovery intervals. The effects of interval duration on metabolic and performance parameters are unclear. We compared the effects of two training programmes, differing in rest interval duration, on muscle (vastus lateralis) metabolism and sprint performance. Sixteen men trained three times a week for 8 weeks, each training session comprising 2-3 sets of two 80-m sprints. Sprints were separated by 10 s (n = 8) or 1 min (n = 8). Both training programmes improved performance in the 100-, 200-, and 300-m sprints, but the improvement was greater in the 10-s group during the final 100 m of the 200- and 300-m runs. Independent of interval duration, training mitigated the drop of muscle ATP after two 80-m sprints. The drop in phosphocreatine and the increases in glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate after two 80-m sprints were greater in the 10-s group. In conclusion, training with a limited number of repeated short sprints (≤10 s) may be more effective in improving speed maintenance in 200- and 300-m runs when performed with a 1:1 rather than a 1:6 exercise-to-rest ratio. This may be due to a greater activation of glycolysis caused, in part, by the limited resynthesis of phosphocreatine during the very short rest interval. 相似文献
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J. Santos-Concejero N. Tam D. R. Coetzee J. Oliván T. D. Noakes R. Tucker 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(6):531-538
The aim of this study was to determine whether gait cycle characteristics are associated with running economy in elite Kenyan runners. Fifteen elite Kenyan male runners completed two constant-speed running sets on a treadmill (12 km ·h?1 and 20 km ·h?1). VO2 and respiratory exchange ratio values were measured to calculate steady-state oxygen and energy cost of running. Gait cycle characteristics and ground contact forces were measured at each speed. Oxygen cost of running at different velocities was 192.2 ± 14.7 ml· kg?1· km?1 at 12 km· h?1 and 184.8 ± 9.9 ml· kg?1· km?1 at 20 km· h?1, which corresponded to a caloric cost of running of 0.94 ± 0.07 kcal ·kg?1·km?1 and 0.93 ± 0.07 kcal· kg?1· km?1. We found no significant correlations between oxygen and energy cost of running and biomechanical variables and ground reaction forces at either 12 or 20 km· h?1. However, ground contact times were ~10.0% shorter (very large effect) than in previously published literature in elite runners at similar speeds, alongside an 8.9% lower oxygen cost (very large effect). These results provide evidence to hypothesise that the short ground contact times may contribute to the exceptional running economy of Kenyan runners. 相似文献
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Gavin Moir Ross Sanders Chris Button Mark Glaister 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):285-300
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of periodized resistance training on accelerative sprint performance. Sixteen physically active men participated in a randomized controlled study. An experimental group (n = 10) completed an 8-week periodized resistance training intervention, while a control group (n = 6) did not train. Pre- and post-training measures of 20-m straight-line sprint time, including a 10-m split, maximum strength, and explosive strength, were recorded. Flight time, stance time, stride length, and stride frequency were quantified from digitized video recordings of the first three strides of the 20-m sprint. Resistance training resulted in significant increases in maximum strength (parallel back squat: 19%) and explosive strength (6–10%). However, both groups increased 0–10 m sprint times (experimental group = 6%; control group = 3%) while 10–20 m times were reduced (experimental group = 7%; control group = 4%), highlighting the mechanical differences between the distinct sprint phases. The change during the 0–10 m interval was accompanied by a reduction in stride frequency during the first three strides. Strength coaches should be aware that the potential benefits of increased muscular strength during short sprints are likely to be affected by mechanical specificity and that improvements in sprinting performance may not occur immediately after a period of resistance training. 相似文献
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本文对基普·凯特在800m跑预、决赛中，两次创造室内世界纪录的现场比赛录像进行了观测，着重从分段跑成绩、步长、步频、支撑阶段与腾空阶段的时间进行研究，分析了基普·凯特保持快节奏跑的技术特征。 相似文献
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Sprinting analysis of elite soccer players during European Champions League and UEFA Cup matches 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Di Salvo V Baron R González-Haro C Gormasz C Pigozzi F Bachl N 《Journal of sports sciences》2010,28(14):1489-1494
It has been suggested that assessment of high-intensity activities during a match is a valid measure of physical performance in elite soccer. Recently, sprinting activities have been analysed in more depth. The aim of this study was to develop a detailed analysis of the sprinting activities of different playing positions during European Champions League and UEFA Cup competitions. Altogether, 717 elite outfield soccer players were evaluated throughout 2002-2006 using ProZone? (Leeds, UK). Sprinting (explosive and leading) was analysed for each playing position. To compare positional differences, a Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed. Differences were found among positions for total number of sprints and total sprint distance covered: wide midfielders > (attackers = wide defenders) > central midfielders > central defenders (P < 0.001), as well as for explosive sprints: (wide midfielders = attackers = wide defenders) > central defenders, wide midfielders > central midfielders > central defenders and attackers = wide defenders = central midfielders (P < 0.001), and leading sprints: wide midfielders > (attackers = wide defenders) > central midfielders > central defenders (P < 0.001). For each group, there were no differences in ratio of explosive to leading sprints. Wide midfielders performed a higher number of sprints in all five distance categories than all other positions. This study showed that sprinting characteristics are influenced by position. Wide midfielders have to complete additional high-intensity activities during training sessions compared with the other positions to achieve the performance level required during the match. 相似文献