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1.
Problem-Based Learning for Foundation Computer Science Courses 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Judy Kay Michael Barg Alan Fekete Tony Greening Owen Hollands Jeffrey H. Kingston 《Computer Science Education》2013,23(2):109-128
The foundation courses in computer science pose particular challenges for teacher and learner alike. This paper describes some of these challenges and how we have designed problem-based learning (PBL) courses to address them. We discuss the particular problems we were keen to overcome: the purely technical focus of many courses; the problems of individual learning and the need to establish foundations in a range of areas which are important for computer science graduates. We then outline our course design, showing how we have created problem-based learning courses. The paper reports our evaluation of the approach. This has two parts: assessment of a trial, with a three-year longitudinal follow-up of the students; reports of student learning improve-ment after we had become experienced in full implementation of PBL. We conclude with a summary of our experience over three years of PBL teaching and discuss some of the pragmatic issues around introducing the radical change in teaching, maintaining staff support, and continuing refinement of our PBL teaching. We also discuss some of our approaches to the commonly acknowledged challenges of PBL teaching. 相似文献
2.
This article investigates legal and political issues as they relate to school vouchers serving students of color. Specifically, we draw on the empirical, historical, and legal research to examine whether school vouchers will create a more equitable system of education for poor students of color. First, we present a history of vouchers, including how they were used to support segregation. We then discuss how vouchers as a broad opportunity for educational equity for poor children (of color) might present particular challenges in light of, first, the race-neutral approach in contemporary case law and state statutes and, second, the relatively small percentage of U.S. children taking advantage of such programs. Finally, we present empirical results regarding African American families’ support and use of vouchers and a discussion of the racial politics of school vouchers. We argue that unless voucher programs and proponents address race directly, operate on a larger scale, and attend to the broader social justice issues facing urban communities, it will be difficult for such policies to support the greater good for African American children or society as a whole. 相似文献
3.
《The Internet and Higher Education》1999,2(1):11-20
As Distance Learning programs expand at colleges and universities across the country, institutions find themselves grappling with a range of academic and administrative issues. Faculty working conditions, program development, academic oversight and student support services are but a sampling of the conflicts and issues that emerge as Distance Learning programs grow in popularity. In an effort to address these conflicts and the accompanying institutional changes, we will offer a framework for understanding and managing this change process. We also attempt to give insight into the broader issues raised by Distance Learning and propose strategies for developing cross-campus support for Distance Learning programs. 相似文献
4.
《Educational Assessment》2013,18(3):155-196
To evaluate student learning in a computer-supported environment known as GenScope(tm), we developed a system for assessing students' reasoning proficiency in introductory genetics. A critical aspect of the development effort concerned the validity of this assessment system. We used a variety of methods to address traditional evidential validity concerns as well as more contemporary concerns with consequential and systemic validity. Specifically, we examined whether or not our assessment system helped students develop the understanding it was designed to assess. Our inquiry revealed strong evidential validity but only limited consequential validity. In response, we developed a set of formative assessments designed to scaffold student assessment performance without compromising the evidential validity of the assessment system. In addition to documenting and enhancing the validity of the system, these efforts demonstrate the utility of newer interpretive models of validity inquiry and the value of Rasch measurement tools for conducting such inquiry. 相似文献
5.
Recent years have seen increasing scholarly attention to the ways in which colleges and universities might contribute to educating ‘global citizens’ who work toward addressing injustice and inequity. The present study examines the experiences and perspectives of students participating in an upper level ‘global justice inquiry’ course designed to help meet this goal. Drawing from interviews with students and reflections submitted as part of their course assessment, we explore participants’ developing understanding of global justice and their experiences of learning about this topic. This investigation reveals key issues that students highlight and with which they sometimes struggle, including the complexity of global challenges, the importance of collaboration in attempting to address such challenges, the significance of navigating cultural considerations, and the potential influence of emotion on understanding and action. Implications of these findings, including the potential value of considering these issues as threshold concepts in global justice education, are discussed. 相似文献
6.
The field of training and development has been increasingly affected by knowledge management, performance support, and learning technologies, yet the impact of these disciplines has typically been disjointed and uncoordinated. Projects in each of the disciplines are often implemented systematically, but not systemically. To take full advantage of their potential to improve performance, we must develop the possible synergies that exist among them. In this paper, we aim to develop a theoretical argument for integrating electronic performance support systems (EPSS), knowledge management systems (KMS), and learning technologies as well as to create a conceptual model for the integration. This understanding will guide training and development professionals in developing more systemic performance improvement interventions. We start with an overview of KMS, EPSS, and learning technologies. We then examine the intersection of these areas and present a rationale for integrating the three technologies under the framework of Human Performance Technology (HPT). Finally, we propose a conceptual model for the integration and discuss its technical and organizational implications. 相似文献
7.
Improving School Learning: The Student Perspective 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
James L. Gentilucci 《The Educational forum》2013,77(2):133-143
Schools struggle to accurately assess nonnative speakers of English using accountability systems that somehow do not capture the complexity of the issues at hand. This article discusses topics surrounding the assessment of English language learners and how these issues have been oversimplified by such processes as the No Child Left Behind legislation. The case is made that English language learning is a complex system, holistic, nonlinear, and constantly evolving; however, current assessment practices do not address this complexity. 相似文献
8.
Formative Assessment: Assessment Is for Self-regulated Learning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ian Clark 《Educational Psychology Review》2012,24(2):205-249
The article draws from 199 sources on assessment, learning, and motivation to present a detailed decomposition of the values,
theories, and goals of formative assessment. This article will discuss the extent to which formative feedback actualizes and
reinforces self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies among students. Theoreticians agree that SRL is predictive of improved
academic outcomes and motivation because students acquire the adaptive and autonomous learning characteristics required for
an enhanced engagement with the learning process and subsequent successful performance. The theory of formative assessment
is found to be a unifying theory of instruction, which guides practice and improves the learning process by developing SRL
strategies among learners. In a postmodern era characterized by rapid technical and scientific advance and obsolescence, there
is a growing emphasis on the acquisition of learning strategies which people may rely on across the entire span of their life.
Research consistently finds that the self-regulation of cognitive and affective states supports the drive for lifelong learning
by: enhancing the motivational disposition to learn, enriching reasoning, refining meta-cognitive skills, and improving performance
outcomes. The specific purposes of the article are to provide practitioners, administrators and policy-makers with: (a) an
account of the very extensive conceptual territory that is the ‘theory of formative assessment’ and (b) how the goals of formative
feedback operate to reveal recondite learning processes, thereby reinforcing SRL strategies which support learning, improve
outcomes and actualize the drive for lifelong learning. 相似文献
9.
Artiles AJ 《Journal of learning disabilities》2004,37(6):550-555
In this article, I discuss two interrelated sets of challenges that the discursive practice of learning disability (LD) will need to address, namely, issues associated with the development of a historiography of special education and a more complex understanding of representation issues. I use social theory to address these challenges and raise questions the LD field will need to grapple with as we move toward the consolidation of discursive practices. 相似文献
10.
Self-Regulation of Learning within Computer-based Learning Environments: A Critical Analysis 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
Fielding I. Winters Jeffrey A. Greene Claudine M. Costich 《Educational Psychology Review》2008,20(4):429-444
Computer-based learning environments (CBLEs) present important opportunities for fostering learning; however, studies have
shown that students have difficulty when learning with these environments. Research has identified that students’ self-regulatory
learning (SRL) processes may mediate the hypothesized positive relations between CBLEs and academic performance. In this review,
we identified 33 empirical studies of SRL and CBLEs. We address three research questions: (1) How do learner and task characteristics
relate to students’ SRL with CBLEs? (2) Can various learning supports or conditions enhance the quality of students’ SRL as
they learn with CBLEs? (3) What conceptual, theoretical, and methodological issues exist for this growing area of research?
We found evidence that specific SRL processes are more often associated with academic success than others and that SRL skills
can be supported. We also identified a number of issues that researchers should aim to address in future investigations, including
a more comprehensive measurement of facets of SRL and the quality of SRL processes, the seeming disconnect between SRL processes
and learning outcomes, and the distinction between self- and other-regulation.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
11.
We build upon and examine critically the framework for analysing accountability set forth in the World Bank’s World Development Report 2004 (WDR04) through a review of selected literature studying accountability‐focused reforms in three Latin American countries – Brazil, Colombia and Chile. We examine the successes and pitfalls of the three accountability‐related reforms (which also involve some type of decentralization) in fostering institutional environments in which the key actors involved in provision are held responsible for fulfilling their roles in providing education services. We apply the WDR04 framework in our analysis of the process of implementation and impact of different types of accountability‐focused reforms in the three countries. The framework was conceptualized by analysing case studies such as ours for a broad range of sectors, and now has widening influence in the policy‐making community, thus justifying a critical assessment. We discuss common challenges impeding implementation of the reforms, most notably political and technical challenges and discuss how well the framework and report capture and emphasize such challenges. In studying the impact of the reforms, we find that their effects are generally more positive in less poor communities and discuss the need for a strong central state to monitor and address such issues. 相似文献
12.
Ethics is very much in the news today and on the minds of those who teach and/or train current and future professionals to work successfully in today's workplaces. While there seems to be agreement that organizations need to address the topic of ethics, there is also a concern about how best to proceed. Ethics and compliance offices, professional codes, ethics conferences, institutes, and centers, formal and informal ethics courses, and ethics hotlines are only some of the ways in which organizations have responded to the need for ethics preparedness. The diversity of our organizations and the global nature of our economy demands attention to multicultural/international issues as well. In this review, we examine the diverse body of literature research that explores teaching and training practices used to address ethical issues in corporations and institutions of higher education and include a special focus on multicultural environments. We discuss implications for PI professionals and propose a research agenda. 相似文献
13.
Multi-peer assessment has often been used by teachers to reduce personal bias and make the assessment more reliable. This study reviews the design and development of multi-peer assessment systems that detect and solve two common issues in such systems: non-consensus among group members and personal radicalness in some assessments. A multi-peer assessment model is proposed to address these issues. The model captures roles, activities, and data structures in a typical multi-peer assessment setting that can be generalized to other scenarios. We implemented the model in a multi-peer code review system and conducted several empirical experiments in programming language classes. The studies showed that the model can significantly improve student learning outcomes than in a single-peer assessment. Also, we used statistical measures to detect non-consensus and radicalness issues that often occur in the model. The results reveal many insights and provide valuable guidance for teachers to implement a multi-peer assessment system. 相似文献
14.
Deborah L. Bandalos 《Educational Measurement》2004,23(2):6-8
Nebraska's Standards-based, Teacher-led Assessment and Reporting System (STARS) is unique in its focus on locally developed, classroom-based assessments in lieu of a state test. The purpose of this special issue is to introduce the STARS model and discuss the problems inherent in such a system. Other articles in this issue address issues of quality control and comparability of assessments, the development of teacher assessment literacy, and teachers' reactions to the implementation of STARS. 相似文献
15.
Assessment of the effectiveness of the studio format in introductory undergraduate biology 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kansas State University converted its introductory biology course, previously taught as an audio-tutorial (A-T), to a studio format in 1997. We share with others information about the process involved and present assessment data for the studio format course that address 1) student exam performance in A-T and studio; 2) student course grades in A-T and studio; 3) student and instructor perceptions and attitudes for A-T and studio; 4) student performance in subsequent biology courses for A-T and studio; and 5) gains in student learning for the studio course and other traditional lecture/lab courses. Collectively, these measures demonstrate that the studio format is as effective as or more effective (for some measures) than the A-T approach and traditional approaches in providing an effective learning environment. We discuss the issues involved in comparing course formats. 相似文献
16.
Kristine Callis-Duehl Robert Idsardi Eve A. Humphrey Rebekka Darner Gougis 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2018,27(1):86-98
We explored the scientific argumentation that occurs among university biology students during an argumentation task implemented in two environments: face-to-face in a classroom and online in an asynchronous discussion. We observed 10 student groups, each composed of three students. Our analysis focused on how students respond to their peers’ unscientific arguments, which we define as assertions, hypotheses, propositions, or explanations that are inaccurate or incomplete from a scientific perspective. Unscientific arguments provide opportunities for productive dissent, scientific argumentation, and conceptual development of scientifically desirable conceptions. We found that students did not respond to the majority of unscientific arguments in both environments. Challenges to unscientific arguments were expressed as a question or through explanation, although the latter was more common online than face-to-face. Students demonstrated significantly more epistemic distancing in the face-to-face environment than the online environment. We discuss the differences in discourse observed in both environments and teaching implications. We also provide direction for future research seeking to address the challenges of engaging students in productive scientific argumentation in both face-to-face and online environments. 相似文献
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18.
The purpose of this paper is to trace the evolution of school assessment in Bhutan, briefly, as a background to considering the present and future school assessment issues especially as they relate to quality concerns and educational improvement in Bhutan. A benchmark for Bhutan, the National Educational Assessment (NEA) programme in Bhutan was inspired by a 2002 initiative in South Asia funded by the World Bank. In this paper, we address how the 2003 NEA was developed. Emerging issues are discussed including methods of reporting and the concept of “benchmarking” in three senses of that term. Technical issues are also addressed in the context of the desire to administer another comparative NEA in 2010. Out of these developments, the Bhutan Board of Examinations has developed ideas about expanding access to system-wide assessment data to different levels of stakeholders in order to achieve improvements. A 2x2 matrix is provided identifying four key questions around judgments of educational achievement at two key levels (system and school) within and between these levels. This matrix represents a model of the evolution of assessment in Bhutan. This paper should be of interest to education systems in developing countries that have undertaken or intend to undertake national educational assessment programmes. 相似文献
19.
冉连 《广东广播电视大学学报》2013,(4):89-96
公共政策制定在积累政府合法性方面具有重要的地位,最近几年频频发生的环境群体性事件却暴露出地方政府在公共政策制定中存在诸如片面追求高GDP目标、信息不对称、利益博弈主体参与不充分以及社会稳定风险评估机制不健全等问题。解决这些问题,需通过转变观念、保障各利益博弈主体参与权、完善信息公开机制以及风险评估机制等路径,来均衡各利益主体的利益诉求,化解各种社会矛盾,从而确保公共政策制定的可接受性、科学性以及合法性。 相似文献
20.
Vaughan Prain Russell Tytler Suzanne Peterson 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(6):787-808
There has been extensive research on children’s understanding of evaporation, but representational issues entailed in this understanding have not been investigated in depth. This study explored three students’ engagement with science concepts relating to evaporation through various representational modes, such as diagrams, verbal accounts, gestures, and captioned drawings. This engagement entailed students (a) clarifying their thinking through exploring representational resources; (b) developing understanding of what these representations signify; and (c) learning how to construct representational aspects of scientific explanation. The study involved a sequence of classroom lessons on evaporation and structured interviews with nine children, and found that a focus on representational challenges provided fresh insights into the conceptual task involved in learning science. The findings suggest that teacher‐mediated negotiation of representational issues as students construct different modal accounts can support enriched learning by enabling both (a) richer conceptual understanding by students; and (b) enhanced teacher insights into students’ thinking. 相似文献