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1.
station, this study looked at what motivates audiences to turn away. Among the findings of a general public survey of more than 350 people were that (a) drivers frequently switch stations during a mere quarter-hour listening span, and (b) avoidance of commercials (or zapping) was by far the most influential motivator. In light of these findings, this article discusses the limitations of conventional Arbitron quarter-hour methodology to measure station switching and explores how the company's experimental electronic Personal People Meter (PPM) can offer a welcome solution to this problem.  相似文献   

2.
The language people use to talk about something can constrain as well as facilitate understanding. This essay explores the lessons learned through a study of how people talked about music to examine what it can mean for museums and museum experiences. The study itself had people talk about their interest, background, and ways of engaging with music, then listen to random cuts of preselected music to talk about what they were hearing. Several themes emerged from the study, suggesting there are clusters to ways in which people frame their experiences of music, which extend to how people might understand the museum experience and what museums might do to make that experience more relevant.  相似文献   

3.
This article examines a 15-year period in TV ratings history, 1984-1999, and a key ratings battle that ensued against the giant Nielsen by four competitors: Audits of Great Britain, R. D. Percy, Arbitron, and System for Measuring and Reporting Television. The result of these contests led to significant product differentiation, including a new method, called the Peoplemeter, the new A/P meter technology for an era of digital television, and research into a more truly passive methodology as well as to changes in sampling size.  相似文献   

4.
The history and present practices of talk station Radio FreeDom in the French Overseas Department of Réunion are explored in terms of their relevance to the concept of a democratic public sphere. The station uses a listener centered, call in format to aggregate rather than segment demographic groups and to offer non-hierarchical (lateral) communication among common people. The station’s success in achieving ratings dominance and financial sustainability in a competitive market is presented, as well as discussion of the potential for similar practices to work elsewhere.  相似文献   

5.
This article explores the contributions of one of the pioneers of ratings research, James W. Seiler, the founder of the American Research Bureau (ARB), the forerunner of Arbitron. Seiler and his small management team filled a small but productive window of time as the youthful ARB rode the crest of a giddy but short-lived success during the ‘50s and early ‘60s. The ARB was responsible for a number of leaps in product design-including popularizing the diary method, first for television and then radio, extending the number of weeks of measurement from one to four, measuring all U.S. T.V. markets at the same time (known as sweeps, which was to lead to first extended measurement of TV viewing beyond metropolitan areas), and using the first meter to capture audience viewing in real time (called Arbitron). It emerged as the key competitor against the Nielsen service in the battle to measure the local market for television until it withdrew from TV measurement in the ‘90s. Arbitron's success led it to monopolize the measurement of radio audiences, a position it currently holds.  相似文献   

6.
This article provides a historical account of Bush Radio, the oldest community radio station in Africa, based in Cape Town, South Africa. The creation of Bush Radio's precursor, the Cassette Education Trust (CASET) was a pivotal moment for the emergence of community radio on the continent. This people's history of Bush Radio tells the full story through the voices of the founders and staff, together with other sources of historical data. The article argues that although the apartheid state constructed essentialist racial and ethnic categories, CASET and later Bush Radio constantly positioned themselves in a space of liminality to interrogate and redefine these categories. Privileging an instrumentalist approach, this article shows the connections between ideology, politics, and economics as they converge to form the industrial structure, the political environment, and the cultural product of broadcasting.  相似文献   

7.
According to the Nielsen Music 360 Research Report, 67% of all music consumers in the United States used digital music streaming services to listen, discover, and share music online in 2014 (The Nielsen Company, 2014). As such, communications scholars and music industry professionals are beginning to recognize the importance of understanding the factors that influence digital music listener behavior. Therefore, this study proposes an expanded theory of planned behavior model (TPB) by incorporating social identification into the original TPB model framework in an effort to gain a better understanding of people’s intentions to use digital music streaming services as well as the amount of time spent listening to them.

Results suggest that both the original TPB and expanded TPB models can be successfully applied within the context of digital music streaming service use. Specifically, attitudes emerged as positive contributors to intention to use digital music streaming services, while social identification and behavioral intention emerged as positive contributors to streaming behavior. Both models also explained a larger percentage of intention to use digital music streaming services as compared to streaming behavior operationalized as total time spent listening. Thus, this study implies the practical importance of understanding the differences between what drives listener intentions as compared to what drives the actual amount of time listeners spend using digital music streaming services.  相似文献   


8.
In 1993, I published an article in the Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media entitled "In Search of the Sarnoff ‘Radio Music Box' Memo: Separating Myth from Reality." That article focused on my quest to find the original memo David Sarnoff, the legendary broadcast leader, claimed to have written in 1915 in which he predicted the advent of broadcasting. This article presents evidence I sought then that proves the existence of a "Radio Music Box Memo" written in 1916 and includes confirmation of a reply E.J. Nally wrote to that Memo in 1916. It also describes the context in which both of the documents-Sarnoff's 1916 memo to Nally and Nally's 1916 reply- were written. These materials indicate Sarnoff and Nally were actively involved in developing some type of music service for wireless consumption. They also show that Sarnoff had conceived the idea of a "music box" that would use wireless apparatus as early as November 1916. He should be recognized for that early concept.  相似文献   

9.
Nielsen ratings data from sixty markets were analyzed to determine whether factors traditionally thought to influence program ratings continue to do so in the face of affiliation change. Overall, the study concludes that they do. Affiliation change was less significant in predicting ratings than several other variables, suggesting that the audience does indeed watch programs, not stations and will find preferred programs even if they move from one station to another.  相似文献   

10.
Radio personalities or presenters are important to music radio stations, as their individual personalities influence if, how, and to what extent listeners want to interact with radio stations and presenters during programs. Both parasocial interaction with the presenter and flow experiences are believed to mediate the listener–presenter relationship. With this in mind, we conducted an experiment in which 236 German radio listeners aged 14 to 49 were asked to listen to the same radio show, but with varying presenters. Mediation analysis revealed notable effects of presenters’ personalities on listeners’ behavioral intentions. Both parasocial interaction and flow were found to be important mediators of the discovered effects.  相似文献   

11.
Although approval plans have long been an accepted tool for monographic collection development, they have seen comparatively slow adoption for music scores. This slow adoption is mirrored by a relative dearth of literature about music score approval plans. At a time when changes in the financial and publishing landscape are having a profound impact on collection development practices and current trends in organizational restructuring are placing greater demands on librarians' time, the need for contemporary discussion of approval plans is that much greater. This article discusses the ups and downs of one library's foray into music score approval plans.  相似文献   

12.
Three hundred twenty‐nine college freshmen responded to open‐ended questions about the meanings they interpret from audio sources, specifically their personal music and music they hear on the radio. Personal music was used most often for creating personal identity and values and for coping with difficult situations. Radio music was used as a source of “identity” information, but, more often, it was identified for entertainment, background, or relaxation. The adolescents said they created meaning differently from the different sources.  相似文献   

13.
Computational modelling of music similarity is an increasingly important part of personalisation and optimisation in music information retrieval and research in music perception and cognition. The use of relative similarity ratings is a new and promising approach to modelling similarity that avoids well known problems with absolute ratings. In this article, we use relative ratings from the MagnaTagATune dataset with new and existing variants of state-of-the-art algorithms and provide the first comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of this approach. We compare metric learning based on support vector machines (SVMs) and metric-learning-to-rank (MLR), including a diagonal and a novel weighted variant, and relative distance learning with neural networks (RDNN). We further evaluate the effectiveness of different high and low level audio features and genre data, as well as dimensionality reduction methods, weighting of similarity ratings, and different sampling methods. Our results show that music similarity measures learnt on relative ratings can be significantly better than a standard Euclidian metric, depending on the choice of learning algorithm, feature sets and application scenario. MLR and SVM outperform DMLR and RDNN, while MLR with weighted ratings leads to no further performance gain. Timbral and music-structural features are most effective, and all features jointly are significantly better than any other combination of feature sets. Sharing audio clips (but not the similarity ratings) between test and training sets improves performance, in particular for the SVM-based methods, which is useful for some applications scenarios. A testing framework has been implemented in Matlab and made publicly available http://mi.soi.city.ac.uk/datasets/ir2012framework so that these results are reproducible.  相似文献   

14.
Derek Allen 《Media History》2013,19(4):496-513
This essay presents the comparative analysis of two Independent Local Radio (ILR) stations in the West Midlands during the 1970s. ILR was a public, community-based, radio service funded by the sale of spot advertising, and the success or the failure of an ILR station depended on the outlook and experience of its management team. BRMB represented the appropriate balance of experience and expertise. It was headed by a managing director with a commercial background and a programme controller experienced in regulated public service broadcasting. Beacon was a station with a management from a commercial broadcasting background, and their approach brought the station into conflict with the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), ILR's regulator. The profit motive took precedence over the fulfilment of its public service obligations, and it was this which caused the IBA to remove the Beacon licence. This essay will, therefore, address two principal questions: why were the experiences of the two West Midlands ILR stations in the 1970s so different and why were they treated so differently by the regulator?  相似文献   

15.
This study examines year-by-year correlations between Freedom House and Reporters Sans Frontières' (RSF) press freedom scores for countries over a 13-year period (2002–2014). The goal of the study is to test the hypothesis that, further into the age of digital disclosure, as press abuses and harassment of journalists are more widely reported, press freedom ranking systems are gradually becoming more precise and, therefore, correlations between the two indices will strengthen over time. To further assess concurrent validity of the indices, correlations between both indices and scores on the United Nations Human Development Index are also provided. The study also examines changes in the indices' rankings of countries over time within six world regions: the Middle East and North Africa, the Americas, Western Europe, Eastern Europe/Central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. In so doing, this study adds a degree of understanding to the validity of two press freedom indices that are routinely cited in journalistic reportage and trade journals, as well as many scholarly publications. Results suggest that the two organizations' scoring of press freedom has become significantly more correlated in the years 2002–2014, and the primary cause of the increased agreement is that RSF's ratings became substantially more aligned with Freedom House's scores during this period. Both indices' ratings are significantly correlated with countries' United Nations Human Development Index scores.  相似文献   

16.
This research examines performing art students' preferences for accessing various types of information, factors in their selection process, and their opinions on what the library should purchase. A Performing Arts Library at a large public university created a two-page paper survey, which was completed by 182 students studying music, dance, and/or theater. Results indicated that these students preferred print books and scores, as well as electronic access to journals and audio. There was an approximate split for physical and virtual reference and video materials. The data also suggests that, while students support the trend of more electronic access, they want librarians to continue to acquire a mixture of electronic and traditional resources.  相似文献   

17.
KTCK, “the Ticket,” in Dallas is a prime example of a sports-talk station whose format has evolved into “guy talk.” The station is the object of imitation in the sports-talk community, having reportedly earned $33 million in 2006. “The Ticket is a great radio station; there's no denying they do a wonderful job,” the program director of KILT-AM in Houston, Bill Van Rysdam says. Sports-talk stations across the country have learned that “guy talk” is the “ticket” for higher ratings and greater profits.  相似文献   

18.

That intangible attribute of a broadcast station commonly called its “image” isn't quite as hard to measure as that other intangible asset, “good will.” Nevertheless, measurement isn't simple, and the standards for measurement are not yet agreed upon. In the following article, a new technique of indexing a station's image without special training and supervision of the respondents is illustrated. Malachi C. Topping, author of “The Cultural Orientation of Certain ‘Western’ Characters on Television” in the Fall, 1965 issue of the Journal, earned his Ph.D. at Ohio State University and is Assistant Professor of Radio and Television at Oklahoma State University.  相似文献   

19.
Although foreign ownership regulations, embodied in Section 72 of the Radio Act of 1927, are most commonly associated with propaganda and broadcasting, this study shows that they targeted wireless telegraphy as a weapon of war. Archival research reveals that these rules formed part of the U.S. Navy's strategy to break the supremacy of Britain in international communications. Foreign ownership rules are only one example of pro- visions in the Radio Act that target telegraphy, not broadcasting, prompting us to reinterpret the Act as a hybrid legislation, designed to regulate two different uses of the same technology.  相似文献   

20.
The author examines radio programs produced by women in the U.S. that feature music by women. Women's music programming offers a variety of music genres and presentation styles. Criteria of music selection also vary, with some programs concentrating solely on women's contributions and musical works, and others that play music by mixed-sex groups and even featuring a male vocal. However, the commonality of all these programs lies in their dedication to highlighting women artists and giving voice to those who would otherwise not be heard. As media artifacts, women's music radio programs offer multiple layers of feminist inquiry.  相似文献   

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