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1.
教育的公共治理:现代性的境遇及其超越   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
教育公共治理的现代性表现为官僚式生产与教育市场化之间、专家治理与民主参与之间、标准化管理与人的多样性需求之间、教育全球治理与地方治理之间的紧张关系,而本质在于教育治理中的公共性与私人性的矛盾。关键是如何超越而不是完全抛弃教育管理中的官僚制;如何定位教育管理中的政府限度问题,而不是把公立教育的质量问题完全归罪于官僚制和政府的权力。  相似文献   

2.
教育公共治理的现代性境遇是一种多元关系中的境遇。表现为官僚制生产与教育市场化之间、科层管理与民主参与之间、标准化管理与人的多样性需求之间、教育全球治理与地方治理之间等方面的紧张关系;归根结底在于教育治理中的公共性与私人性的矛盾。解决问题的关键是如何超越而不是完全抛弃教育管理中的官僚制;如何定位教育管理中的政府限度问题,而不是把公立教育的质量问题完全归罪于官僚制,归罪于政府的权力。教育治理理论与实践需要自我检讨与自我完善。在公共性的基础上以人为本的教育治理或许是一种较好的思路。  相似文献   

3.
近年来,高等教育规模急剧扩张,生均教育成本不断提高,而政府公共财政投入的有限性,制约了高等教育的持续发展,高等教育成本分担已成为必然.根据"谁受益,谁承担"的原则,政府、学生及家长、社会与企业应成为高等教育成本分担的主体,在各分担主体中,政府、学生及家长应分担主要份额,社会与企业是补充,但应为学生及家长分担份额设置一个合理的限度.  相似文献   

4.
改革开放以来,中国高等教育宏观管理体制变革日益显现出教育分权、主体多元与大学自主的发展趋向,这一变革趋势顺应了治理理论在高等教育领域的应用。高等教育治理主要体现为政府权威的去中心、大学自治以及各种社会组织和公众民主参与高等教育管理,折射出多元主体共同参与的网络式治理结构、相互合作与互动协商的对话式伙伴关系、权力共享与责任分担的公共责任机制理念以及追求高等教育和谐发展的目标。要想充分调动多元主体的积极性,保持多元权力的良性互动,推进高等教育管理秩序的良好运行,应从政府、大学和社会三个层面来建构高等教育治理架构。  相似文献   

5.
“治理”视野下的中国高等教育管理架构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
改革开放以来,中国高等教育宏观管理体制变革日益显现出教育分权、主体多元与大学自主的发展趋向,这一变革趋势顺应了治理理论在高等教育领域的应用。高等教育治理主要体现为政府权威的去中心、大学自治以及各种社会组织和公众民主参与高等教育管理,折射出多元主体共同参与的网络式治理结构、相互合作与互动协商的对话式伙伴关系、权力共享与责任分担的公共责任机制理念以及追求高等教育和谐发展的目标。要想充分调动多元主体的积极性,保持多元权力的良性互动,推进高等教育管理秩序的良好运行,应从政府、大学和社会三个层面来建构高等教育治理架构。  相似文献   

6.
教育成本分担机制的推行,解决了高等教育经费政府投入不足的问题,但与之共生的是许多家庭越来越难以承受高等教育的费用。美国和加拿大政府推行的教育储蓄计划有助于这一问题的有效解决。通过对两国的教育储蓄计划进行分析比较,可以发现它们之间存在的异同点。  相似文献   

7.
公共性视角的高等教育财政研究路向   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
最近二十年来国内外关于高等教育财政的研究进展,从大学公共性视角可以概括为:高等教育财政研究的逻辑起点与现实是从服务公共目的到追求“3E”;西方国家的研究理路是从政府介入到成本分担;中国高等教育财政的关切是从吸引社会投入到关注教育公平;高等教育财政的发展路径是政府责任与市场的有限介入。  相似文献   

8.
我国教育法和高等教育法规定的高等教育管理指向是国务院和省级政府,但当地级市利用国家政策与实施高等教育大众化的机遇举办了高等院校时,地市政府同样履行管理高等教育的职能,具有一定的管理地市高校的权责。在目前法律法规没有明确的规定约束情况下,地市政府管理地市高校的权责,除作为下级政府要与上级政府一起完成提供教育服务的任务外,更多的是运用拥有的权力来实现举办所属高校的目的。地市政府管理所属高校中存在着权力扩张与责任缺失的问题。地市政府履行管理所属高校权责时,应把握好与学校自主办学之间的"度"。  相似文献   

9.
高等教育财政与管理:世界改革现状报告   总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22  
本文主要研究了世界高等教育财政与管理改革的六大背景:公共性、扩展、紧缩、市场、责任和质量,并从用非政府收入弥补政府收入、公立院校财政改革、高等教育机构重构三个方面,研究了世界高等教育财政与管理的改革和发展趋势。  相似文献   

10.
大学的公共性与政府干预   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
大学作为实施高等教育与知识创新的组织,具有高度的公共性。大学的公共性及其特点与实现方式,决定了政府干预的合法性与限度。  相似文献   

11.
高等教育市场化是当代西方高等教育发展的重要趋势,20世纪80年代撒切尔政府开始大幅削减高等教育经费,英国高校为求生存不得不走向市场化改革之路。英国高等教育市场化趋向表现为:实行高等教育成本分担,改革高等教育拨款方式,拓宽高等教育筹资渠道,建立创业型大学等。这些举措既弥补了高等教育经费的不足,也极大地增强了高等院校的活力和独立性。  相似文献   

12.
我国高校定位存在的误区及其对策研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
教育具有准公共物品和服务的属性决定了其最优的提供方式是政府和市场相结合的模式,因而教育走向市场就成为必然。目前,社会办学、国外大学的进入以及教育资源的竞争,使得高校之间的竞争态势日趋激烈。高校要在激烈的竞争中脱颖而出必须精心塑造自己的独特品牌形象,定位对品牌塑造具有独特的作用。分析我国高等学校在定位方面存在的误区,并提出解决问题的思路,具有重要意义。  相似文献   

13.
高等教育市场化是当代高等教育发展的趋势所在。高等教育市场化是指将市场机制引入高等教育领域,以市场的方式配置高等教育资源。高等教育市场化形成的理论基础主要是新自由主义、新公共管理主义、高等教育私人产品观;现实原因是经济全球化促使国际竞争加剧、高等教育的财政困境和政府单一办大学的局限。在高等教育市场化的进程中,我们需注意的一个问题是市场只能有限度地介入高等教育领域,完全按照市场化运作高等教育并不符合教育的特殊规律和独特使命。  相似文献   

14.
《Higher Education Policy》1997,10(3-4):225-237
Chile's higher education system has moved a long way from state and professional towards market coordination. Presently, market oriented policies predominate across the system, based on a loosely regulated private provision of higher education and the use of a set of “para market” mechanisms designed to enhance competition between state supported universities. The effects of these policies on the number and differentiation of higher education institutions, on enrollment, on the evolution of professional careers and academic degree programs, and particularly on the funding of the higher education system are here analyzed. A balance is drawn, specifically with respect to the nature and quality of private institutions and their public regulation, and to the competition for funding between state supported universities.  相似文献   

15.
The public/private divide in higher education: A global revision   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Our common understandings of the public/private distinction in higher education are drawn from neo-classical economics and/or statist political philosophy. However, the development of competition and markets at the national level, and the new potentials for private and public goods created by globalisation in higher education, have exposed weaknesses in the traditional notions of public/private. For example, (1) the statist notion that higher education is always/already a public good blinds us to its role in producing scarce positional private goods, even in free systems; (2) because there is no global state, both statists and neo-liberals model the global higher education environment simply as a trading environment without grasping the potential for global public goods in education – goods that are subject to non-rivalry or non-excludability, and broadly available across populations, on a global scale. Yet higher education in one nation has the potential to create positive and negative externalities in another; and all higher education systems and institutions can benefit from collective systems e.g. that facilitate cross-border recognition and mobility. The paper sets out to revise public/private in higher education. Rather than defining public/private in terms of legal ownership, it focuses on the social character of the goods. It argues that public/private goods are not always zero sum and under certain conditions provide conditions of possibility for each other. It proposes (a) units in national government that focus specifically on cross-border effects; (b) global policy spaces – taking in state agencies, individual universities, NGOs and commercial agents – to consider the augmentation, distribution of and payment for global public goods. This paper has been adapted from a keynote address to the Conference of Higher Education Researchers (CHER), University of Twente, Enschede, 19 September 2004. The CHER conference was focused on the public/private question. Warm thanks to Erik Beerkens, Jurgen Enders, Marijk van Wende, Ben Jongbloed, Guy Neave, other colleagues who took part in discussion at the CHER conference, and the reviewers for Higher Education.  相似文献   

16.
我国民办高校的发展是高等教育市场化的产物 ,其组织结构与管理行为因受市场因素的影响已出现了一些与公办院校显著不同的特点。从陕西民办高校的情况来看 ,民办高等教育市场化促使民办高校的发展走硬件先行、规模扩张的跨越式发展道路 ,这种发展方式对民办高校的领导体制、组织管理和运营方式产生了重大的影响  相似文献   

17.
As colleges and universities have adopted a corporate model in recent decades, debate over the public versus private good associated with higher education has surged. The deliberations have typically been entrenched in Western notions about academia’s contributions to development and scholars have framed academic capitalism dichotomously; a force for good or evil. Far less is known about the market model of higher education in developing nations. We sought to explore this gap by examining how faculty and staff at two public universities in Africa view the intersection of marketization and development.  相似文献   

18.
俄罗斯的国立大学、企业与国家新三位一体的矛盾分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
李芳 《比较教育研究》2004,25(11):21-26
转轨后的俄罗斯国立高等教育在扩展经费来源的途径时,在政府的规范下与企业结成了新的三位一体.在整个教育产业市场化的过程中,俄罗斯国立与私立学校教育产业交错融合发展,宗教组织也以自己的方式参与其中.俄罗斯教育近年来接纳了大批来自企业的资金,这符合政府将教育定义为"商品",是教育产业市场化的初衷.但另一方面,俄罗斯政府决策层包括普京总统,又对企业对教育的过多干预表示不满,获得资金赠与的大学面对企业和政府的夹击陷入两难困境.大学、企业与国家的新三位一体充满了矛盾.  相似文献   

19.
理想的大学排名目的和意义在于,作为服务于公共问责的有益工具,为排名使用者提供关于大学教育质量的可靠信息,同时激励大学提升质量。然而,当前大学排名所采用的大部分指标与院校选择性程度高度相关,为学生提供的大学教育质量信息不充分;且由于大学排名主要是大学教育作为准商品参与市场竞争的产物,指标设计偏重于高等教育对训练人力和发展科研的价值,忽视学生个人发展、教育公平等这些隐蔽但影响深远的社会价值,导致高等教育生态恶化,社会不公加剧。要解决这些问题,"教育增值"评价的发展是一个可能的改进途径,但不是根本的解决之道。归根结底,大学排名只是众多评价方式之一,不应也不可能承担质量评价的全部责任。
Abstract:
The idealistic purpose of university ranking is to encourage the self-improvement of universities as well as providing reliable information to users on higher education quality for public accountability.Nevertheless,most current rankings advocate indices related highly to the academic selectivity of institutions,while having nothing to do with quality of their performances.At the same time,since the rankings are mostly pushed by competition among universities as quasi-merchandise,it was inevitable that some social values of higher education as labor training and research were emphasized more than others such as student individual development and social justice,which are more invisible but influential from a long term.The rankings therefore ruined the ecology of higher education competition and made social injustice more serious.Value-added evaluation might bring some light to the darkness of rankings but not the primary way to solve the problem since it is functioned as one of the many measures in quality assessment.  相似文献   

20.
The theory of academic capitalism is used to explore US and EU marketization trajectories. Comparisons are made along the following dimensions: creation and expansion of intermediating organizations external to universities that promote closer relations between universities and markets; interstitial organizations that emerge from within universities that intersect various market oriented projects; narratives, discourses and social technologies that promote marketization and competition; expanded managerial capacity; new funding streams for research and programs close to the market; and new circuits of knowledge that move away from peer review and professional judgment as arbiters of excellence. We also consider the status of fields not closely integrated with external markets, and see fragmentation of the humanities, fine arts and (some) social sciences to be a sign of research universities marketization. We conclude that the US and EU are following very different paths to bring higher education closer to the market. The US move to the market was incremental and frequently led by a wide variety of non-governmental organizations, often with strong ties to the for-profit sector and participation by segments of universities prior to federal legislation or mandates. The European Commission is reverse engineering Anglo-American higher education models to reconstruct technologies of governance in uniquely European contexts that embed competition in nation-state initiatives. Although the discourse surrounding university marketization promises growth of high paying jobs prosperity, evidence to date suggests very uneven results for both the US and EU.  相似文献   

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