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自20世纪80年代以来,世界各国越来越关注幼儿教师的质量问题,不少国家、地区纷纷出台关于幼儿园教师的专业标准。在这个背景下,我国开始关注幼儿教师专业发展问题,并于2012年颁布了《幼儿教师专业标准(试行)》。作为衡量合格幼儿教师的标准,美国NAEYC的《幼儿教师职业准备专业标准》比较有代表性。本文通过对二者的基本理念、基本内容(包括维度、领域/核心标准、基本要求/关键内容)进行比较分析,以期更好地理解、把握和实施我国幼儿教师专业标准。 相似文献
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美国幼儿教师教育标准及启示 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
制定幼儿教师教育标准是幼儿教师教育的基础性工作。美国全国幼儿教育协会制定了幼儿职业准备标准,提出了“促进幼儿发展与学习”、“构建同家庭、社区的关系”、“对支持幼儿及其家庭的措施进行观察、建立档案、开展评估”、“开展教与学的活动的知识和能力”、“成为一名专业人士”等五项幼儿教师教育的核心标准,还提出了范围广泛的普通知识教育标准。为了适应我国幼儿教育发展的需要,我国应尽快制定专门的幼儿教师教育标准,美国幼儿教师教育标准为我们提供了镜鉴。 相似文献
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美国优秀幼儿教师专业标准具有重视对儿童的理解,重视对儿童发展和学习的促进作用,重视幼儿教师的专业倾向以及专业自主性的发展,重视幼儿教师的终身学习,重视幼儿教师作为家、园、社区的纽带作用的特点.基于此,新时期的幼儿教师角色应定位于幼儿心灵的倾听者、保护者；儿童发展和学习的促进者、引导者；专业团队的领导者、合作者；终身学习者、反思者和研究者. 相似文献
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为明确学前特殊教育教师的工作职责,完善提供给0~8岁残疾及处于残疾风险幼儿的早期干预服务,2020年美国特殊儿童委员会联合其下属早期教育分会发布了《早期干预/学前特殊教育工作者基于实践的初级专业准备标准》。该标准是美国第一个针对学前特殊教育教师的专门标准,共7条内容标准、1条现场与临床经验标准以及7个核心要点。该标准以“儿童本位”“融合教育”“教师专业发展”及“实用主义”理念为基础建构内容条目,以教师专业发展的三维结构搭建内容框架,按“理论联系实践”的思路及教学过程的顺序逻辑进行条目编排。 相似文献
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美国优秀幼儿教师专业标准及其启示 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
美国全国教学专业标准委员会制定的优秀幼儿教师专业标准提出了优秀幼儿教师所应达到的专业发展要求,成为美国幼儿教师专业发展的理想目标,在美国幼儿教师专业化的过程中发挥着重要的作用。对这一专业标准内容的介绍与分析,可以为构建我国幼儿教师专业标准提供借鉴。 相似文献
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美国幼儿教师教育标准是“全美幼儿教育协会”（简称NAEYC）开发的。其中的五项核心标准是：
标准一：能够促进儿童的发展和学习。为此。要求幼儿职业候选：（1）熟知、理解幼儿的特点和需要；（2）熟知、理解对幼儿发展和学习的多重影响；（3）能够应用有关幼儿发展的知识创建健康的、相互尊重的、支持的和具有挑战性的学习环境。 相似文献
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幼儿教师作为实施幼儿教育的专业人员,是幼儿教育事业发展的先决条件,其专业成长的水平在很大程度上制约着幼儿教育的发展,也影响着国民教育水平的提高。幼儿教师专业成长过程中影响因素包括内在因素：幼儿教师需要具有专业成长的主动性,幼儿教师要积极学习、勤于思考、善于反思,幼儿教师要加深对自己的认识,准确定位等等;外部环境因素：幼儿教师专业成长需要人文关怀,幼儿园管理者要提供促进教师成长的工作环境,需要幼儿家长的理解和积极配合,学前教育专家应协助教师实现专业成长。 相似文献
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本文作者通过对美国幼儿教师专业标准体系的内容介绍、实施的特点分析,得出如下两点启发:1.标准的制定应当重视各界的合作;2.重视幼儿教师专业标准制定的完整性与层次性。 相似文献
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Debra J. Ackerman 《Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education》2013,34(4):291-301
Abstract Because of the link between teacher training and higher‐quality classroom practice, early childhood researchers and professional organizations have placed an increasing emphasis on all early childhood teachers—including those in early care and education (ECE) settings—obtaining a minimum of a Bachelor's degree as part of their professional development. Given the differing licensure requirements for ECE teachers, the variety of settings early childhood teachers work in, and the creativity needed to respond to the changing roles teachers play in those settings, however, this paper offers an additional perspective that is sometimes left out of the discussion regarding what teachers need: that of the early childhood practitioner. Using conversations with both a certified, public school teacher and a non‐certified teacher in a private ECE setting in New Jersey, this article reports on these teachers’ professional development experiences, as well as the implications of their experiences for future considerations of what teachers need in order to enhance their growth as educators. 相似文献
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Lucia Balduzzi Arianna Lazzari 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2015,35(2):124-138
In recent years, the issue of early childhood staff professionalisation has been taking an increasingly prominent position in policy-making and academic debates at the international level. Despite this growing interest, studies investigating the content and delivery of professional preparation programmes for early childhood practitioners are still quite rare in European literature. Against this background, the article will describe and critically analyse the characterising features of the university degree for the professional preparation of pre-school teachers in Italy, with a special focus on workplace-based training. In particular, the theoretical underpinnings and shared understandings related to the implementation of mentoring practices within the university course will be explored by drawing on the data collected from documentary sources and interviews with local experts. Findings highlight that the main strengths of mentoring practices within such a programme are: (a) the extended placement periods in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings which allow prospective teachers to live the culture of practice; (b) the critically reflective component of tutoring practices, which combines theoretical and experiential learning; (c) the strong partnerships built at the local level between ECEC services and universities, which generates reciprocal influences between academic research and educational practices and thus sustains pedagogical innovation. At the same time, the fact that the mentoring role of placement tutors in ECEC institutions is not adequately supported in terms of competence development and workload allocation might potentially undermine the benefits of workplace-based training for students. In addition, the contextualisation of our analysis within the broader landscape of national policy developments in the field of ECEC staff professionalisation revealed that the increased academisation of pre-school teachers professional preparation might lead – in the long term – to a risk of ‘schoolification’ of pedagogical practices enacted within ECEC services. In regards to these issues, the article will raise questions for further consideration and debate. 相似文献
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Arianna Lazzari Mariacristina Picchio Lucia Balduzzi 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2015,23(3):274-287
In recent times, a growing consensus has emerged, among researchers and policy-makers, that a well-educated, competent and adequately supported workforce is crucial for the quality of early childhood education and care (ECEC). Despite governmental initiatives aimed to enhance the professional preparation and continuing development of early years practitioners being high on the political agenda of many EU member states, very few studies are analysing professionalisation policy developments and their implications within the national contexts of ECEC. Against this background, the article describes the key features of ECEC policies in Italy and their current trends by focussing specifically on the professionalisation of early childhood practitioners working across 0–3 and 3–6 services. Drawing on the data collected from documentary sources and interviews with key informants, this paper will critically review policy discourses as well as recurring themes and tensions arising from the academic and political debate. The findings from our analysis highlight that the increasing discontinuity characterising professionalisation initiatives across the 0–3 and 3–6 sector might lead to widening the gap among professionals working in such services. The risks that are associated with this trend are, on the one side, to devalue the educational role of 0–3 services and, on the other, to produce the schoolification of educational practices in 3–6 services. In addition, our analysis identified inconsistencies between initial and continuing professional development policies, which are progressively creating a dichotomy between initial and in-service training. The consequences of this process might produce, on the long term, the fragmentation of the ECEC system across public and private not-for-profit provision with the subsequent risk of impoverishing the local culture of childhood on which the Italian ECEC system has traditionally built its strength. 相似文献
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自美国幼儿教师培养伊始,其价值取向经历了四种不同的价值取向流变:其一,"福禄培尔主义"技能取向,主张在"福禄培尔主义"影响下,幼儿教师培养需侧重技能;其二,科学主义实证取向,认为在科学主义思潮下,幼儿教师培养需建立在心理学基础上学习多种知识,并懂得实证研究方法;其三,人文主义人本取向,关注在人文主义主题下,幼儿教师培养之根本在于成人的过程,关怀幼儿教师个体价值;其四,二元价值观融合的专业取向,强调科学主义与人文主义融合趋势下,幼儿教师培养需符合专业要求,并能促进儿童的学习与发展。 相似文献
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Susan L. Recchia Minsun Shin 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2010,30(2):135-145
This qualitative study explores how working with infants changed pre‐service early childhood students’ thinking about important aspects of early childhood education. Through a qualitative analysis of four pre‐service early childhood students’ weekly dialogue journals during a required, one‐semester infant practicum, the authors discovered how the course provided a context for challenging students’ previously held notions about early childhood teaching and learning. Their findings showed that infants’ ways of being were a powerful influence on pre‐service early childhood students’ sense of themselves as teachers and emphasized the value of hands‐on experiences with infants as an important component of early childhood professional preparation. 相似文献
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全美幼教协会（NAEYC）是美国影响力最大的民间幼儿教育组织,其在制定幼儿教育从业者专业标准、保证美国幼儿师资水平方面发挥着重要作用。NAEYC发起的＂幼儿教育从业者系统行动计划＂（ECWSI）明确提出了美国幼儿教育从业者专业发展系统的政策领域、基本原则及一系列支撑措施,为帮助各州建立专业、稳定、高效的幼儿教育师资队伍,保证幼儿教育质量做出了积极贡献,对我国加强幼儿教师队伍建设具有重要启示。 相似文献
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Eva Pölzl-Stefanec 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2021,52(6):2192-2208
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Online professional development has already a very long tradition in the field of adult vocational training but not in Early Childhood Education.
- The possibility of attending online professional development programmes independent of a participant's time constraints or location is viewed as a particularly beneficial advantage.
- Online professional development programmes positively affect the professionalisation of educators. For this reason, they must increasingly be integrated into the field of early childhood education.
- In the field of early childhood education in German-speaking regions, online professional development training courses are only beginning to be developed.
- This paper examines the challenges and barriers for early childhood educators associated with implementing online professional development programmes for early childhood educators.
- The survey was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and includes current data on the ongoing digitalisation boom.
- Online professional development courses should not be understood as competition for conventional face-to-face programmes. Instead, they act as a useful supplement.
- Media competencies are a fundamental prerequisite for everyday professional life—early childhood educators need functional media devices, stable internet connections, and support structures in IT and computer literacy.
- Early childhood educators require effective instruction in using online professional development programmes to expand online professional development programmes in their field. They must also address compelling topics in early childhood education relevant to educators' practise.
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Katja Flämig Anke König Nicole Spiekermann 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2015,35(2):211-226
In Germany, the field-based element in the education/training of early childhood educators is given high priority in the development of professional competencies. Nevertheless, Germany lacks a firmly anchored regulatory and curricular framework for early childhood education and care settings as ‘workplace learning sites’ (Lernort Praxis) and the current approaches towards practical placements have been strongly criticised. Debates have focused on the (inadequate) interface between theory and practice and the overriding influence of the vocational colleges as sites of professional preparation. The examination of existing regulations regarding practical placements shows that the practice sites and the mentors who work there receive too little attention. Beyond this, the education/training of (early) childhood educators is dominated by the vocational colleges – not least because the two places of learning (i.e. the college and the workplace) are assigned to different authorities and ministries. The quality of workplace-based learning can therefore only be enhanced by relevant policy decisions and by integrating the interface between theory and practice on a curricular basis. 相似文献
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对幼儿教师专业发展现状进行调查和分析,以期为幼儿教师教育发展提供最基本的理论依据,更好地促进幼儿教师的专业发展。在幼儿教师专业发展中存在很多问题：师资队伍建设没有规划,专业配置不合理;学历达标率较高但专业程度不够扎实;教育教学教研问题突出;家园合作还停留于表浅水平;园长管理水平不够成熟。笔者提出幼儿教师专业发展的对策：制定师资队伍建设规划,建立和完善幼儿教师任用制度;改革师范院校幼师教育,确保幼师生源质量;加强教师自主专业发展,提高教育教学教研能力;加大宣传力度,推进家园合作;发挥终身学习方式,翻新自身专业素养;提升幼儿园园长的管理理念,为教师创造支持性发展平台;加强与其它教师培训机构的联系,开展多渠道的培训。 相似文献
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美国幼儿教育协会制订早期儿童教育专业的准备标准，提出了各个层次从业者的培养要求。就早期儿童教育专业候选者所需要的普通知识的准备而言，该组织提出了语言和读写能力、艺术、数学、身体锻炼和体育、科学、社会研究等领域的培养要求，可以为我国幼儿教师教育的课程改革提供借鉴。 相似文献