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1.
篮、排球运动员下肢3关节肌等速测试的对比研究   总被引：32，自引：3，他引：29  
虞重干  郭权 《体育科学》2000,20(1):73-75,88
用Cybex等速测力系统对篮排球运动员进行了下肢3关节力量测试,结果表明两项目运动员下肢3关节肌力的主要差别在于膝关节伸肌离心收缩能力和膝关节屈肌向心收缩能力,在运动实践中可能表现为在起跳过程中的缓冲能力的差异。  相似文献   

2.
运动生理学     
G804.2排、篮球运动员膝关节肌力特征的对比与分析=Comparative analysis on musele strength of knee betweenvollevball players and basketball players[刊,中,A]／郭权(沈阳体育学院)∥西安体育学院学报.-2003,20(3).-41-44表7参9(SJ)排球//篮球//运动员//膝关节//力量训练//起跳//特征 通过对篮、排球各 10名一级运动员膝关节进行等动测试分析,结果表明:两项运动员膝关节肌力特征最主要差异在于伸肌离心收缩能力和屈肌向心收缩能力,  相似文献   

3.
优秀水球运动员膝关节肌群等速向心收缩力量特征研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
利用等速测试及康复系统对优秀水球运动员膝关节肌群进行等速向心收缩测试与分析,结果发现,峰力矩可作为评价水球运动员膝关节肌力大小的一个敏感指标,峰力矩值越大,肌肉做功能力越强,做功效率越高。水球运动员膝关节慢速肌力与快速肌力呈非常显著相关,其左右膝关节肌力相当平衡,快速屈伸肌比率大于慢速屈伸肌,屈肌的慢速力量较弱。  相似文献   

4.
结合训练实践,运用ISOMED2000等速测试仪对我国男子散打主力队员膝、肘关节屈伸肌群肌力特征进行测试与分析。结论:不同等级散打运动员肘关节屈伸肌群等速向心、离心收缩、膝关节伸肌群等速离心收缩相对峰力矩值在60°/s、180°/s时具有显著性差异(P<0.05);膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩、屈肌群离心收缩相对峰力矩值在各角速度下具有显著性差异(P<0.05);不同等级散打运动员肘、膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩在300°/s、离心收缩在240°/s时达到力矩梯度最大值,且差异显著。说明基础力量、中快速力量及快速动作爆发力能较好地反映专项运动水平,相对峰力矩、力矩梯度数值越大,专项水平越高。  相似文献   

5.
对男子跳高运动员下肢肌力特征的对比研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  
本文通过对男子跳高一、二级运动员下肢肌力的测试分析,发现两者表现出以下肌力特征:一级运动员踝关节向心肌肉力量训练效果不佳;一级运动员的两腿膝关节和踝关节伸肌离心肌力矩显著大于二级运动员;与向心肌力相比,一级运动员更具有膝、踝两关节离心肌力的优势。建议在训练中,不仅要提高运动员下肢的蹬伸力量,更要增强下肢的退让性肌肉力量。  相似文献   

6.
运用CYBEX NORM等速测力系统,对两名健将级女子速滑运动员左、右腿髋、膝、踝三关节的屈、伸肌群进行了向心运动形式的肌力测试,并根据需要对左、右腿膝关节还进行了等速离心测试,以便找出两人运动学差异的内在动力学原因,为改进技术提供动力学依据。同时描述了速滑运动员髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的力矩曲线特性,进行深入探讨。测试结果:两名运动员的髋关节肌力发展不平衡;快速运动中,二人膝屈肌的肌力水平较差;二人踝关节伸肌群在适应较快速度收缩能力方面较差。  相似文献   

7.
利用Con-Trex等速肌力测试与训练系统,以180°/s、120°/s、60°/s的3种角速度对13名男子优秀自行车运动员和13名女子优秀自行车运动员左腿髋关节进行等速向心收缩测试。获得了相应的等速向心收缩的伸屈肌峰值力矩、伸屈肌总功、伸屈肌平均功率等指标,并结合项目特点分析各角速度下指标的差异。  相似文献   

8.
分析比较不同级别男子跳高运动员膝关节屈伸肌群离心收缩时峰力矩特点及差异。在首都体育学院生物力学实验室,采用德国ISOMED2000等速测试仪,对8名一级男子跳高运动员和8名二级男子跳高运动员膝关节肌群进行等速离心收缩测试,测试角速度60°/s、120°/s、240°/s,指标包括峰值力矩、相对峰力矩(峰值力矩/体重)、峰值力矩屈伸比。研究结果:(1)一级跳高运动员起跳腿膝关节屈、伸肌峰力矩较二级跳高运动员有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)平均功率随给定运动角速度的增大而增大(P<0.01);(3)离心收缩峰力矩随给定运动速度的增加无显著变化;(4)离心收缩膝关节屈伸肌群峰力矩比值为0.60～0.63之间。结论:跳高运动员膝关节肌群等速测试结果的差异是造成一、二级跳高运动员成绩差异的原因之一。  相似文献   

9.
"拮抗肌离心峰力矩/原动肌向心峰力矩"常用于评价过肩运动项目运动员肩关节做旋转运动过程中拮抗肌离心力量与原动肌向心力量的均衡性,是近年来在国外运动医学文献中出现频度较高的一个专业术语。对肩关节做旋转等速测试时拮抗肌离心峰力矩与原动肌向心峰力矩比值的等速测试方法及其在评定肩关节旋转肌群肌力平衡中的应用进行综述。研究发现,拮抗肌离心峰力矩与原动肌向心峰力矩的比值是对肩关节进行旋转(外旋或内旋)等速测试过程中定量地诊断拮抗肌离心肌力与原动肌向心肌力的均衡性,比外旋肌群与内旋肌群向心峰力矩的比率能更客观地反映肩关节在做旋转运动过程中原动肌与拮抗肌的不同生理收缩状态以及不同收缩形式下肌力的均衡性;虽然国外研究者普遍认为"拮抗肌离心峰力矩/原动肌向心峰力矩"应大于1,但关于该比值的理想区间还没有取得一致的观点。  相似文献   

10.
为探讨在沙滩这种特殊的介质上进行排球训练对运动员膝、踝关节肌群肌力的影响．在1998年沙滩排球训练周期前后．对我国12名兼职沙滩女排运动员的膝、踩关节屈伸肌群进行了等速向心收缩肌力测试。结果表明。沙滩训练后．膝关节屈肌群快肌纤维的爆发力．伸肌群快肌纤维的最大肌力和爆发力,踝关节跖肌群慢、快肌纤维的最大肌力和爆发力增长有显性意义。这是沙滩训练后原地纵跳成绩提高的重要肌力原因。  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a simulated futsal match protocol on isokinetic knee torque production. Twenty-one young futsal players participated in this study and performed a futsal-specific protocol comprising two blocks of 20-minute activities to simulate the match demands. At pre-protocol, half-time, and post-protocol, the concentric and eccentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexor and extensor muscles, the angle of peak torque, and the conventional and functional torque ratios were assessed. ANOVA was used to compare the variables (significance level p < 0.05). A decrease of knee flexor and extensor eccentric torque and knee flexor concentric torque was found, in which the pre-protocol levels were higher than those at half-time, with both being larger than those at post-protocol. The knee extensor concentric torque reduced at half-time. The angle of eccentric torque of knee flexors increased, and the conventional and functional torque ratios decreased at post-protocol. In conclusion, the protocol produced a time-dependent reduction of knee flexor and extensor torque in both concentric and eccentric actions. These findings suggested a possible impairment of performance and the emergence of risk factors for hamstring strains during a futsal match.  相似文献   

12.
The purposes of this study were to analyse (a) if “angle-specific” (AS) flexor and extensor torques were different between ACL-reconstructed and uninvolved limbs, (b) the difference in peak torque occurrence angles for concentric and eccentric knee flexor and extensor torques between involved and uninvolved limbs and (c) if AS concentric and eccentric knee flexor and extensor torques are determinants of performance in the “single-leg hop test” (SLHT) and “vertical jump and reach test” (VJRT) in ACL-reconstructed legs. Twenty-seven male ACL-reconstructed volunteers were included in the study. Isokinetic knee muscle strength, SLHT and VJRT were performed 6 months after ACL reconstruction. No difference was found in extremity and knee joint angle interaction for concentric and eccentric flexor and extensor torques (p > 0.05). Peak torque occurrence angles were not different between involved and uninvolved limbs (p > 0.05). In involved extremities, concentric knee extensor strength at 90° was a determinant of SLHT performance (R2 = 0.403, p < 0.05), and concentric knee extensor strength at 60° was a determinant of VJRT (R2 = 0.224, p < 0.05). Assessment of AS concentric knee extensor strength at 60° and 90° might be important, because these were determinants of functional test performance.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate subject- and joint-specific strategies used by male basketball players as they increase their countermovement jump (CMJ) height from sub-maximal to maximal efforts. Lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics were recorded as 11 male, NCAA Division I basketball players performed 8–10 CMJ across effort levels of approximately 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Simple correlation models were used to investigate the associations between effort levels (i.e., CMJ height) and joint mechanics (i.e., negative (eccentric) and positive (concentric) mechanical work performed at the hip, knee, and ankle joints) for each individual player and the entire group. Group-analyses showed that increases in all joint mechanical variables were associated with increases in CMJ height. In contrast, single-subject analyses revealed that players used individualised strategies, and selectively scaled the magnitude of mechanical work at none (n = 2), one (n = 2), two (n = 5), or all three (n = 2) joints as they increased CMJ efforts. In addition, individual players also appeared to selectively scale different combinations of eccentric or concentric joint work as they increased CMJ height. These results highlight that male basketball players use joint-specific strategies to increase CMJ height when progressively increasing CMJ effort.  相似文献   

14.
It is currently unclear how football participation affects knee-joint muscle balance, which is widely considered a risk factor for hamstrings injury. This study compared the angle-specific functional hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio (hamstrings eccentric torque as a ratio of quadriceps concentric torque at the same knee-joint angle) of football players with recreationally active controls. Ten male footballers and 14 controls performed maximal voluntary isometric and isovelocity concentric and eccentric contractions (60, 240 and 400° s?1) of the knee extensors and flexors. Gaussian fitting to the raw torque values was used to interpolate torque values for knee-joint angles of 100–160° (60° s?1), 105–160° (240° s?1) and 115–145° (400° s?1). The angle-specific functional H:Q ratio was calculated from the knee flexors eccentric and knee extensors concentric torque at the same velocity and angle. No differences were found for the angle-specific functional H:Q ratio between groups, at any velocity. Quadriceps and hamstrings strength relative to body mass of footballers and controls was similar for all velocities, except concentric knee flexor strength at 400° s?1 (footballers +40%; P < 0.01). In previously uninjured football players, there was no intrinsic muscle imbalance and therefore the high rate of hamstring injuries seen in this sport may be due to other risk factors and/or simply regular exposure to a high-risk activity.  相似文献   

15.
The present study assessed neuromuscular and corticospinal changes during and after a fatiguing submaximal exercise of the knee extensors in different modes of muscle contraction. Twelve subjects performed two knee extensors exercises in a concentric or eccentric mode, at the same torque and with a similar total impulse. Exercises consisted of 10 sets of 10 repetitions at an intensity of 80% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (MVIC). MVIC, maximal voluntary activation level (VAL) and responses of electrically evoked contractions of the knee extensors were assessed before and after exercise. Motor evoked potential amplitude (MEP) and cortical silent period (CSP) of the vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were assessed before, during and after exercise. Similar reductions of the MVIC (?13%), VAL (?12%) and a decrease in the peak twitch (?12%) were observed after both exercises. For both VM and RF muscles, MEP amplitude remained unchanged during either concentric or eccentric exercises. No change of the MEP amplitude input–output curves was observed post-exercise. For the RF muscle, CSP increased during the concentric exercise and remained lengthened after this exercise. For the VM muscle, CSP was reduced after the eccentric exercise only. For a similar amount of total impulse, concentric and eccentric knee extensor contractions led to similar exercise-induced neuromuscular response changes. For the two muscles investigated, no modulation of corticospinal excitability was observed during or after either concentric or eccentric exercises. However, intracortical inhibition showed significant modulations during and after exercise.  相似文献   

16.
运用数理统计等方法对NBA球员运动损伤进行分析,研究表明：NBA篮球运动员运动损伤率排名依次为后卫、前锋、中锋;各部位运动损伤次数依次为脚踝、膝盖、背部等,以拉伤、扭伤为主;各位置球员运动损伤部位差异显著;损伤与运动员年龄、比赛年限相关;高龄球员重复损伤高于年轻球员。建议：按球员位置制定运动损伤预防方案;加强易伤部位训练;合理安排老队员上场时间;积极开展运动员思想教育。  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

Characteristics of 32 international and 41 local under-17 (U-17) (14.5–16.5 years) roller hockey players were considered in the context of discrimination by competitive level using training history, anthropometry, skeletal maturation, and several laboratory and field performance tests. More international (42%) than local (22%) players were advanced in maturity status. International players had slightly less hockey experience (years), but had more practice sessions and match time (minutes) during the season. Local players were shorter and attained better performance in the 25-m dash, while international players performed better in sit-ups, ball throw and 20-m shuttle run. The fatigue index derived from the Wingate anaerobic test was higher among local players, while peak torques of knee extension and flexion were greater in international players. Stepwise discriminant function correctly classified 85% of players by competitive level based on grip strength, ratio of eccentric and concentric knee extension, number of training sessions, playing time and fatigue index. The results suggested an interaction among strength, anaerobic fitness and training plus game time as factors in discriminating international from local level players and by inference in the selection and development of youth roller hockey players.  相似文献   

18.
The acute influence of chain-loaded variable resistance exercise on subsequent free-weight one-repetition maximum (1-RM) back squat performance was examined in 16 recreationally active men. The participants performed either a free-weight resistance (FWR) or chain-loaded resistance (CLR) back squat warm-up at 85% 1-RM on two separate occasions. After a 5-min rest, the participants attempted a free-weight 1-RM back squat; if successful, subsequent 5% load additions were made until participants failed to complete the lift. During the 1-RM trials, 3D knee joint kinematics and knee extensor and flexor electromyograms (EMG) were recorded simultaneously. Significantly greater 1-RM (6.2?±?5.0%; p?p?p?>?.05) was found in concentric EMG, eccentric or concentric knee angular velocity, or peak knee flexion angle. Performing a CLR warm-up enhanced subsequent free-weight 1-RM performance without changes in knee flexion angle or eccentric and concentric knee angular velocities; thus a real 1-RM increase was achieved as the mechanics of the lift were not altered. These results are indicative of a potentiating effect of CLR in a warm-up, which may benefit athletes in tasks where high-level strength is required.  相似文献   

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