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1.
《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(4):37-65
School councils are a prominent feature of most school restructuring initiatives, despite surprisingly little evidence about their contribution to school improvement. This study examined the influence, on both school and classroom practices, of an advisory form of school councils implemented in the province of Ontario in June 1996. Data from interviews with 50 people from 5 schools, selected for the range of council's influence, were used to address questions concerning the extent of council effects and the characteristics of relatively influential councils. Results indicated that councils had weak positive to negative influences on both schools and classrooms. More influential councils were characterized by their collaborative team approach with the school staff and their involvement in initiatives related to school improvement objectives. These councils were usually found in schools with a history of relatively extensive parental involvement in many forms. More influential councils had facilitative principals who supported and endorsed the councils; provided information, knowledge, and skills to council members; worked closely with the council chair; and assisted the council to build connections with the school staff. 相似文献
2.
The New Zealand Progress at School project, designed to investigate school effects, found that individual progress at school is associated with a set of non-cognitive dispositions, most importantly, aspiration, self-concept, and acceptance of the institutional regime. The few schools identified as over-and under-performing were distinguished by the favourable and unfavourable dispositions of their students. School composition - or mix - effects proved in this study to be minor and relative to the output criterion, and some implications of that, including the selective effects of within-class markets, are discussed with particular reference to another contemporary New Zealand study, the Smithfield project. It is concluded that the study of school effectiveness might usefully include in its models the relationship between the properties of systems, the level of disposition, and the forms of practice they generate. 相似文献
3.
Since 1997 appraisal has been a mandated requirement of New Zealand schools. While the management of teacher performance is not new, schools are increasingly being faced with difficult and complex decisions regarding accountability mechanisms for teacher performance. Moreover, in a climate of school self-management the potential exists for tensions between bureaucratic systems and the professional autonomy of teachers to surface. This article reports on research conducted in 2001 that investigated teachers' perceptions of the bureaucratic and professional approaches to performance management in their schools. In a climate of increasing control of teachers' work and professional activities by the State, results from recent research indicate that school managers have adopted a professional approach to the appraisal of staff. Moreover the involvement of teachers in developing school-level appraisal systems is pinpointed as fundamental to the long-term success of appraisal in New Zealand schools. 相似文献
4.
Tracey N. Sulak 《Educational studies》2018,44(3):279-294
A positive school climate impacts students by promoting positive relations among students, staff and faculty of the school. The current study used latent class analysis and multinomial regression with R3STEP to analyse patterns of negative behaviours in schools and test the association of these patterns with structural variables like school size, demographics, and location using data from the 2008 School Survey on Crime and Safety, (n = 2560). The results indicated five classes of frequencies of negative behaviours. By using the lowest frequency of behaviour class as a reference, the classes with the highest frequencies of bullying, teacher disrespect, and sexual assault were more likely to be found in high crime areas and have larger campuses serving over 1000 students. Implications include the need to serve subgroups of schools based on measurable variables and the need to educate future teachers, administrators, and school psychologists about school climate and positive behaviour support systems. 相似文献
5.
Fubuki Sakura 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2007,6(3):229-234
This article reports on the New Zealand education quality assurance and school monitoring system, including its framework,
and responsibilities of agencies. It first gives an outline of the education system in New Zealand, and then introduces the
role of school charters and levels of schooling. To ensure the quality of schools, the methods of school self-review and external
reviews of schools are used by the New Zealand government. Schools are given a list of obligations that they have to follow.
Assessment policies and the school curriculum are designed to support learning.
Fubuki Sakura formerly called William Leung 相似文献
6.
A multi-method, multi-informant method was used to collect data from diverse stakeholders about school climate to inform school improvement efforts as part of the Positive Behaviour Intervention Supports (PBIS) framework. Teachers, administrators, school staff and students completed surveys and parents participated in focus groups to gather perspectives about school climate. Respondents identified safety as a strength at the school, staff and student results suggested interpersonal relationships as an area for improvement and staff identified parent involvement as an area for growth. Both positive and negative perceptions of school climate emerged from the parent focus group. While there are limitations to the generalisability of the results, this case study provides a useful approach for schools to assess their school climate and establish goals for improvement. 相似文献
7.
Scott Marsh Manjula Waniganayake John J. De Nobile 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2016,27(4):580-593
School improvement is a central focus for school leaders. Whilst measures such as high-stakes testing and other government accountability agendas have at times marred the discourse of school improvement, how schools develop their capacity to ultimately improve the core business of student learning remains important. As an extensive area of scholarship, much has been written to support leaders in improving learning and teaching in their school. Indeed, studies demonstrate the value of establishing schoolwide goals and expectations and the importance of using evidence to improve teaching practice. This article presents qualitative data from 4 independent schools in the state of New South Wales (NSW) Australia which suggest that whilst the concept of school improvement is not new, the capacity of schools to embrace some key concepts found in this area of study is limited. The article proposes that through cultivating conversations within their communities, schools can foster shared understanding and enhance their capacity for improvement. 相似文献
8.
This article examines the relationship between school organisational climate and the school's preparedness to undertake restructuring
and improvement. Over the last two decades, much research into school improvement and effectiveness has indicated the importance
of school climate for a school's efforts to change. For school-level personnel, an understanding of the nature of the prevailing
climate would seem valuable in determining the school's willingness and capacity to embark on school improvement initiatives
and to evaluate the impact that such initiatives have on the nature of the school's climate. The research reported here was
conducted in three phases. The first phase involved the assessment of the prevailing organisational climate in 30 secondary
schools drawn from three State education systems in Australia. The second phase involved analysing and documenting the principles
and school-level process associated with the establishment of site-based management in the three State education systems.
The third phase sought teachers' perceptions about the impact of site-based management on school improvement planning, collaboration
and curriculum leadership, and classroom practices. The research indicated the existence of an important relationship between
organisational climate and the school's capacity to implement and sustain authentic site-based management. Where the prevailing
organisational climate is negative, tailored ‘front-end’ strategies designed to improve the climate might be undertaken prior
to the school embarking on substantial school improvement initiatives. Finally, assessing organisational climate can provide
information about a school's preparedness to undertake change, and a re-assessment of climate following a change initiative
can provide evaluative data about the extent of change within the school.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
While policy makers and school effectiveness researchers often insist that schools can make a substantial difference to student achievement, it is less clear whether school staff themselves really believe this. This paper draws on qualitative research in New Zealand schools where teachers, principals (heads) and trustees (governors) were asked how accountable they felt school staff could actually be for student outcomes. In contrast to official discourses about the responsibilities of teachers, the often complex responses of those interviewed illustrated relatively modest expectations of the ability of schools to affect student outcomes. The findings suggest that school staff have yet to take to heart the school effectiveness research catchcry that ‘schools can make a difference’ but that they also struggle to avoid a deficit approach without a stronger sociological understanding of the reasons for student failure. 相似文献
10.
School leavers with learning disabilities moving from child to adult Speech and Language Therapy (SLT) teams: SLTs’ views of successful and less successful transition co‐working practices 
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下载免费PDF全文 Elspeth McCartney Margaret Muir 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2017,17(3):168-178
School‐leaving for pupils with long‐term speech, language, swallowing or communication difficulties requires careful management. Speech and language therapists (SLTs) support communication, secure assistive technology and manage swallowing difficulties post‐school. UK SLTs are employed by health services, with child SLT teams based in schools. School‐leaving entails transition from child‐ to adult‐services. Little is known about the process, or how SLTs develop co‐working across managerial boundaries. A qualitative study within one health board employing separately managed child and adult SLT teams interviewed SLTs and analysed their views on successful and less successful school‐leaver transitions. A critical incident approach elicited views on transitions that ‘stuck in the mind’, rather than typical instances, identifying supportive and risky co‐working factors. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, checked and thematically analysed. Three linked overarching themes emerged: SLT team remits and properties; communication and information exchange across SLT teams, and outside influences on teams. These applied to successful and less successful transitions, suggesting robust constructs along which SLTs evaluated transitions. Risk factors included unclear provision, pupils’ earlier discharge by child SLTs affecting referral at school‐leaving, and practical issues in accessing notes. SLTs used existing social‐capital relationships to facilitate transitions. Implications for practice and ways of improving transitions are discussed. 相似文献
11.
The article describes the main outcomes of the intervention programme “Positive behaviour, interactions and learning environment in school” (PALS). PALS is an adapted Norwegian version of the School‐Wide Positive Behaviour Support model, developed in the United States with school‐wide interventions aiming at the prevention of behaviour problems and the promotion of social competence through a supportive learning environment. The effectiveness was evaluated with a quasi‐experimental design in four elementary schools, two years after implementation. An equal number of comparison schools were included in the study. Informants were students (n = 735) in third to seventh grade and teachers working at least 50% (n = 82). The immediate reductions in teacher‐observed problem behaviour ranged from moderate to large, while the results based on student ratings of social competence and classroom climate were less encouraging. Differential effects were found and implementation quality was together with teacher collective efficacy significantly related to better outcomes. The programme and results are discussed in relation to prior research, limitations of study design, and future implementation and research. 相似文献
12.
The current study examined the prevalence of ethnic incongruence in three school psychological services: assessment, consultation, and counseling; the prevalence of diversity training among school psychologists; and practitioners' attitudes about their training experiences. A mail survey was sent to a random sample of 500 school psychologists drawn from the 1999 membership roster of the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP). Ethnic incongruence, defined as ethnic differences between a professional and a client, was commonly reported for assessment, consultation, and counseling cases. Diversity training was reported by 90.7% of participating school psychologists in the form of graduate coursework, internship experiences, or continuing education. Though most respondents rated their training experiences positively, improvements were suggested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 419–432, 2005. 相似文献
13.
Penny Van Deur 《Learning Environments Research》2010,13(2):159-172
Increasingly in elementary schools, there has been a focus on the influence of school-level factors on students’ learning.
The way in which the learning environment is organised in schools and classrooms is likely to influence students’ opportunities
to carry out inquiry. Most studies have focused on the effects of the amount of schooling, rather than effects attributable
to support for inquiry in the school context. This study clarifies aspects of school contexts that support inquiry at the
school level and describes the development of an inventory to assess school contexts. The Primary School Characteristics Inventory
has three components named Motivation for Student Inquiry, Organisational Structures to Support Inquiry and Structures to
Support Inquiry Strategies in School. The instrument was effective for identifying schools with varying levels of support
for inquiry, suggesting that some schools might need to modify the school context if students are to carry out inquiry in
a self-directed way. 相似文献
14.
余蓉蓉 《教育测量与评价(理论版)》2022,(1):70-79
新西兰具有国际公认的高效的中小学校评价体系。他们成立了专门的评价机构,构建了包括结果性指标和过程性指标的学校评价指标框架,采用了外部评价和内部评价两种评价方式。其学校评价充分发挥了问责和促进学校改进的双重功能,保障了新西兰基础教育质量的提升。新西兰中小学校评价体系的特点主要有:成立了独立的第三方评价机构、评价目标紧紧围绕国家教育改革目标、将内部评价视为促进学校改进的核心、开展个性化的外部评价、内部评价和外部评价有机结合、重视评价队伍的能力建设、强调评价的科学性和公平性。借鉴新西兰的经验,我国可成立专门的中小学校评价机构,强化学校评价的诊断和改进功能,引导和支持学校开展内部评价,提升评价的科学性水平。 相似文献
15.
"学校群"策略是信息技术环境下教师专业发展的新模式,其关注区域性校际协作,其从组织策略、学习服务支持策略和效能策略三个方面组织和实施教师专业发展活动。通过讨论"学校群"教师专业发展的三个策略和新思路与方法,试图实现延伸校本培训、共享优质资源和推进协作研究,实现教师共同体和学校群体共同发展。 相似文献
16.
Policy makers identify schools as settings for promoting students' positive mental health. However, mental health promotion is not typically addressed in pre- or in-service teacher education. This paper reports 1029 Australian and Maltese teachers' perspectives about their capabilities for mental health promotion. Although participants reported favourable attitudes, many indicated concerns about capabilities such as Knowledge, Parenting Support and Self-efficacy. Multilevel modelling showed differences between county, gender and year level, but not between years of teaching experience. Curriculum initiatives for mental health promotion require opportunities for teachers to build their capabilities in this relatively new domain of school and teacher responsibility. 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACTIn New Zealand, school buildings are being remodelled to accommodate several teachers and a large number of learners in one flexible learning space. School leaders’ perspectives were sought on what is happening in the teaching of reading, writing and mathematics. Interviews of the principal and deputy principal at a case study were conducted, and an online survey was used to target views of school leaders across New Zealand: completed by 115 principals and 56 deputy principals. The research found positive responses to the implementation of flexible learning spaces and the impact on the teaching of these three core curriculum areas. The findings suggest that given appropriate experience of such spaces, New Zealand principals (school leaders) seem to have the attitudes and understanding to support adoption of Innovative Learning Environments and recognise their potential benefits. However, the quality of teaching was key no matter which learning space was considered. Although Innovative Learning Environments, along with the cooperation between teachers that such spaces require, were seen as beneficial to learning, successful implementation will also require those leading the changes to place the learner as the focus of change, particularly for the substantive percentage of students who are underachieving in reading, writing and mathematics. 相似文献
18.
Brian Wilcox 《Cambridge Journal of Education》1997,27(2):249-260
In recent years schools have come under increasing pressure to raise levels of achievement and educational standards generally. In their attempts to respond to government expectations schools have mounted a number of specific initiatives which have much in common from school to school. Together they embody a largely unexamined notion of the nature of schooling and ‘school improvement’ in particular. This article draws on the views of the moral philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre to provide a constructive critique of the ‘improvement’ initiatives currently underway in many secondary schools. It is suggested that such initiatives represent an unresolved tension between pursuing the ‘goods of effectiveness’ and the ‘goods of excellence’, which in turn reflect the more general dilemma of reconciling the traditions of modernity and pre‐modernity apparent in the existing practices of schools. 相似文献
19.
Heather Elliott 《Education 3-13》2013,41(6):722-730
The Forest School approach to Early Years education, originally developed in Scandinavia, is influencing learning outside the classroom in England. An inner city primary school in Yorkshire investigated the nature and purpose of Forest Schools in Denmark, through a study visit, prior to developing their own Forest School in the midst of an urban landscape. The views of staff and parents were sought and findings suggest that the ethos and intention of Forest School were positively welcomed. The results demonstrate the need to create further opportunities for teachers, children and parents to be involved in Forest school activities together. 相似文献
20.
G Broadley KM Broadley 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(3):259-268
In New Zealand, school principals (headteachers), sometimes with a sub-committee of the school board of trustees, interview and hire their own teachers. This research examined whether school principals exhibit different styles in recruiting beginning teachers. A small group of principals was interviewed and items reflecting their views were then developed and put on cards. The cards were sorted by people familiar with educational vocabulary to enable category setting using Kirkland and Bimmler's GOPA technique. Seventy-one principals then prioritized the items. A k-means algorithm was used to cluster principals with similar responses. Analysis of the clusters suggests that recruiting styles do exist. General compatibility emerged as being most important. This suggests that having schools appoint their own staff may lead to greater diversity between schools and greater conformity within them. 相似文献