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1.
The curriculum may superimpose a content-specific context that mediates motivation (Bong, 2001). This study examined content specificity of the expectancy-value motivation in elementary school physical education. Students' expectancy beliefs and perceived task values from a cardiorespiratory fitness unit, a muscular fitness unit, and a traditional skill/game unit were analyzed using constant comparison coding procedures, multivariate analysis of variance, X2, and correlation analyses. There was no difference in the intrinsic interest value among the three content conditions. Expectancy belief attainment, and utility values were significantly higher for the cardiorespiratory fitness curriculum. Correlations differentiated among the expectancy-value components of the content conditions, providing further evidence of content specificity in the expectancy-value motivation process. The findings suggest that expectancy beliefs and task values should be incorporated in the theoretical platform for curriculum development based on the learning outcomes that can be specified with enhanced motivation effect. 相似文献
2.
The present study examined relationships among variables drawn from achievement goal theory and the expectancy-value model of achievement choice as well as mean level changes of these variables over time in elementary physical education. Participants (N = 207) completed questionnaires over a 2-year period: once while in the second and fourth grades and again when they were in the third and fifth grades. Results indicated that achievement goals, expectancy-related beliefs, and subjective task values were related to one another and were predictive of children's intention for future participation in physical education. Children's subjective task values of physical education decreased over time. Children in Cohort 1 (across second to third grades) generally had stronger motivation for learning in physical education than children in Cohort 2 (across fourth to fifth grades). Findings suggest the importance of integrating achievement goal theory and the expectancy-value model of achievement choice in understanding student motivation. 相似文献
3.
Effects of health-related physical education on academic achievement: project SPARK. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J F Sallis T L McKenzie B Kolody M Lewis S Marshall P Rosengard 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1999,70(2):127-134
The effects of a 2-year health-related school physical education program on standardized academic achievement scores was assessed in 759 children who completed Metropolitan Achievement Tests before and after the program. Schools were randomly assigned to condition: (a) Specialists taught the Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids curriculum; (b) classroom teachers were trained to implement the curriculum; and (c) controls continued their usual programs. The Trained Teacher condition was superior to Control on Language, Reading, and Basic Battery. The Specialist condition was superior to Control on Reading, but inferior on Language. Despite devoting twice as many minutes per week to physical education as Controls, the health-related physical education program did not interfere with academic achievement. Health-related physical education may have favorable effects on students' academic achievement. 相似文献
4.
This study examined children's motivation in elementary physical education within an expectancy-value model developed by Eccles and her colleagues. Four hundred fourteen students in second and fourth grades completed questionnaires assessing their expectancy-related beliefs, subjective task values, and intention for future participation in physical education. Results indicated that expectancy-related beliefs and subjective task values were clearly distinguishable from one another across physical education and throwing. The two constructs were related to each other positively. Children's intention for future participation in physical education was positively associated with their subjective task values and/or expectancy-related beliefs. Younger children had higher motivation for learning in physical education than older children. Gender differences emerged and the findings provided empirical evidence supporting the validity of the expectancy-value model in elementary physical education. 相似文献
5.
With the assumption that domain specificity would significantly influence students' motivation, our study was designed to investigate between- and within-domain relations of task value, perceived autonomy and competence, and achievement goal orientations across physical education and mathematics. Urban adolescents (N = 273, ages 12-14 years) completed questionnaires assessing these motivational constructs in both subjects. Based on our confirmatory factor analyses and fit indexes, all motivational constructs demonstrated strong subject specificity. Strengths of associations between physical education and mathematics differed by individual motivational constructs. Within-domain interrelations of these constructs were not consistent across physical education and mathematics. Our findings suggest that domain specificity in physical education plays a significant role in students' motivation. 相似文献
6.
Guided by self-determination theory and research on teacher beliefs, we examined student teachers' (STs) use of instructional choices in teaching physical education classes. Participants included 131 STs (52 men and 79 women) from a major university in the United States. STs completed questionnaires assessing three types of instructional choices (cognitive, organizational, and procedural) they provided and their rationale for providing their students with choices. The STs reported they gave students cognitive, organizational, and procedural choices. They firmly believed instructional choice promotes students' motivation, autonomy, and engagement in physical education. They also believed teachers should consider factors such as student characteristics and the beneficial effects when implementing choice in their classes. 相似文献
7.
Background: School physical education (PE) not only offers and promotes health-related physical activity (PA), but also encompasses the promotion and development of health-related well-being such as health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Furthermore, assessing PA and HRQOL have become major issues in pediatric public health and also serve as a major goal of Healthy people 2020. Grounded in the expectancy-value and achievement goal frameworks, the primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among the perceptions of motivational climate in PE, expectancy-value beliefs, HRQOL, and PA among elementary children. A secondary purpose was to test whether expectancy-value beliefs mediate the relationship between motivational climate and HRQOL as well as between motivational climate and PA (self-reported PA and pedometer-based PA, respectively).Methods: Participants were 336 elementary children recruited from three public schools in the southeastern USA (Mage?=?9.87; 179 girls, 157 boys). The majority of the participants (53.3%) were White students and the remainder (46.7%) including African-American (37.4%), Asian-American (1.5%), Hispanic-American (1.8%) and others (5.9%). Students completed a previously validated questionnaire assessing expectancy-related beliefs and task values toward PE. The 23-item pediatric QOL inventory generic core scale (PedsQLTM 4.0) was used to assess participants’ HRQOL. Children's PA levels were assessed by using a self-reported survey (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children) and three-day pedometer counts (steps/min during PE).Analysis/Results: Correlational analyses showed that expectancy-related beliefs and task values were positively related to PA and HRQOL. Regression analyses indicated that both mastery and performance motivational climate had a positive effect on children's expectancy beliefs and task values. Mediational analyses were used to evaluate the potential mediational relationships among motivational climate (independent variables: mastery and performance climates), expectancy-value beliefs (mediator: expectancy-value beliefs), and HRQOL and PA (dependent variables: total HRQOL score, self-reported PA and steps/min), respectively.Conclusions: A mastery motivational climate together with high expectancy beliefs has a positive association with HRQOL, which in turn could produce health benefits in the future. Results suggest that a performance motivational climate could be associated with less activity (i.e. lower steps/min) even when students view PE as interesting, important, and useful. One important implication of the study is that by promoting mastery climates and expectancy-value beliefs in PE practitioners can encourage children to engage in PA both in and outside of school, and consequently may influence their quality of life. 相似文献
8.
本研究旨在考察体育教学中中学生的具体情境能力(自我效能感)、环境能力(能力信念)和整体能力(认知体能),对心肺功能、课堂身体活动水平和毅力/努力的预测效应。研究对象为217名中学生,每隔一天进行一堂40分钟的体育课。研究通过沿用已久的调查问卷评价学生在体育课中的自我效能感、能力信念、认知能力信念和毅力/努力,使用计步器测量课堂身体活动水平,以及采用递增速度有氧耐力跑测试其心肺功能。通过相关分析,得出能力信念与三项指标显著相关:首先,运用回归分析得出自我效能感对中学生心肺功能影响显著,此结果也反映出中学生课堂的身体活动水平。其次能力信念与中学生的毅力/努力呈显著相关。因此自我效能感是中学生心肺功能和身体活动水平的主要影响因素,而能力信念对中学生毅力/努力的作用最为显著。 相似文献
9.
在高校体育中,教师必须充分理解学生参加体育锻炼的动机,才能更好地实现学校体育的目标。因此,研究主要从大学生参加体育锻炼的动机(包括各种参加体育锻炼的原因)和成就目标取向的关系作调查研究。对412名不同专业一二年级的大学生,采用体育锻炼参与动机问卷调查(PMQ;Gilletal,1983),体育任务和自我取向问卷(TEOSQ;Duda&Whitehead,1996),对大学生体育锻炼的成就动机作评价。分析显示目标取向与个体动机模式(例如团队精神,技术提高等)相关,自我取向和不同的个体动机模式上存在显著联系(如社会地位和赏识)。结果表明,大学生参加体育锻炼的动机可以通过提高目标取向而提高。 相似文献
10.
Achievement goals, perceived motivational climate, and students' self-reported mastery behaviors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Achievement goals and perceived motivational climate are two important constructs in achievement goal theory, and they play critical roles in student motivation and behavior Traditionally, these two constructs have been examined separately. The present study examined relationships between the two constructs and students' self-reported mastery behaviors as well as age-related differences. Three hundred eight students in 4th, 8th, and 11th grades completed questionnaires assessing their achievement goals, perceived motivational climate, and perceptions of their mastery behaviors. Results indicated that achievement goals and perceived motivational climate were related to students' self-reported mastery behaviors. However, the relations varied depending on the students' ages. The older students, compared to the younger ones, appeared to be inclined more toward ego orientation and the ego-involved climate. A multiple achievement goals perspective is recommended for future research on relationships among achievement goals, perceived motivational climate and achievement-related cognitions, and behaviors in physical education. 相似文献
11.
上海市部分中学体育教学中学生的成就取向 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对中学生成就取向的现状进行了深入分析，研究结果表明：上海市中学生体育课成就取向以任务定向为主，对体育课的积极情绪体验远高于消极情绪体验；高中学生的体育课成就动机和积极情绪体验与初中学生相比均呈下降趋势；中学生体育课任务定向水平和体育课积极情绪体验水平与课余体育锻炼频率呈正相关关系。有一半以上中学生的体育课任务定向水平和体育课积极情绪体验水平尚不足以对他们的体育锻炼行为产生足够的激活力量；经常参加课余体育活动，尤其是课余体育锻炼，可提高运动技能水平，加强学生与体育教师的交流和相互了解，有利于体育课任务定向水平和体育课积极情绪体验水平的提高， 相似文献
12.
Hopper CA Munoz KD Gruber MB Nguyen KP 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2005,76(2):130-139
This study examined the efficacy of a school-based exercise and nutrition program with a parent component. Third-grade children (N = 238) from six elementary schools participated in the study, with three schools randomly assigned to a program group and the other three schools to a control group. The program group received a health-related fitness school-based program and a home program that required parents and children to complete activities and earn points for nutrition and exercise activities. The control group received their traditional physical education and nutrition education program. Univariate analysis of variance on pre- and posttest scores were completed on the following variables: height, weight, body mass index, skinfold, blood cholesterol, mile run, exercise and nutrition knowledge, calories, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, fiber, sodium, percentage of calories from carbohydrates, and percentage of calories from fat. At pretest, the treatment and control groups did not significantly differ on the measures using schools as the unit of analysis. Girls scored significantly higher than boys on skinfold and pretest knowledge. At posttest, the treatment group scored significantly higher than the control group on exercise and nutrition knowledge and significantly lower than the control group on total fat intake, using schools as the unit of analysis. There was no improvement in physiological measures, including blood cholesterol. The study demonstrated that schools can adjust curriculum to meet some health needs of students and achieve modest changes in exercise and nutrition knowledge and diet. The family component of the program provided a practical approach to improving physical activity and nutrition behaviors for elementary school teachers who teach many participants in a crowded curriculum. 相似文献
13.
Fitness testing is a prominent element in many physical education programs, but there has been limited investigation concerning motivation constructs associated with the testing. This study investigated the relationships among physical education students' award status and gender to achievement goals, intrinsic motivation, and intentions. After they had completed a battery of fitness tests, 123 fifth-grade physical education students were classified into two groups: those who received awards and those who did not. They completed a series of questionnaires assessing motivational constructs. Analyses of variance revealed that students who received a fitness award reported higher levels of task-involvement, perceived competence, effort, enjoyment, and future intention than those who did not. Boys reported higher levels of ego-involvement than girls, but no other gender differences were evident. The findings from this study can be used to inform practitioners, test designers, and researchers about the ways fitness testing programs can be structured so that all students receive the potential benefits from participating in such assessments. 相似文献
14.
体育教学中合作学习教学模式的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
高寒 《体育科技文献通报》2006,14(5):22-24,15
传统的教学模式是学生失去了学习的积极性和主动性。通过实验研究发现合作学习教学模式能有效地弥补传统教学模式的缺点和不足,它不仅有利于培养学生的合作意识,更有利于培养学生对体育的学习动机,养成良好的体育锻炼习惯,更好的实现学校体育与终身体育的接轨。 相似文献
15.
省属体育院校办学体制改革与发展对策研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
高等教育体制改革，使省属体育院校成为我国体育院校管理体制的一种主流模式。针对当前省属体育院校在办学体制、培养目标、学科专业建设和资源配置、办学空间等方面存在的主要问题与困难，必须遵循找准位置、突出重点、办出特色、理顺体制的改革原则，坚持教学、科研、训练“三结合”的办学方向，加强地方体育资源的系统整合，以培养竞技体育人才为基础，将培养竞技体育人才与其他各类体育人才结合起来，并实施学校内部管理体制和运行机制的配套改革，才能形成自己的优势与特色，在发展中求生存，不断办大、办好，在促进体育事业发展中再创辉煌。 相似文献
16.
Abstract The present study was designed to examine the influence of personal (i.e., social goal orientations or definitions of success that include interpersonal relationships) and situational (i.e., peer influence) factors on decisions surrounding unsportsmanlike play. Middle school students (ages 11–15 years) completed a measure to assess task, ego, and social goal orientations. Participants also read scenarios about unsportsmanlike actions and responded to questions tapping the intention to perform those actions. A series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that in certain peer contexts, social goal orientations influenced unsportsmanlike play responses above and beyond the contribution of task and ego goal orientations. Results varied for boys and girls and provide support for including social goal orientations in achievement motivation research in the physical domain. 相似文献
17.
Pascual C Escartí A Llopis R Gutíerrez M Marín D Wright PM 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(3):499-511
The purpose of this qualitative comparative case study was to examine the implementation fidelity of a program designed to deliver the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model (Hellison, 2003) through physical education and its relationship with short-term outcomes for elementary school students. The research questions were: (a) was the program implemented with fidelity, and (b) did better fidelity yield better student outcomes. Thus, we conducted a study on the implementation process used by two teachers who delivered the same program in two physical education classes in two different elementary schools in Spain. Data sources included observations and interviews with teachers and nonparticipant observers. Findings indicated that fidelity of implementation in Case 1 was higher and most children in those classes acquired the first three of five TPSR responsibility levels. Implementation fidelity in Case 2 was weaker and achievement of responsibility goals was minimal (only the first of five levels) and less stable for those students. This study is the first to directly examine the connection between TPSR implementation fidelity and student outcomes. 相似文献
18.
Using Nicholl's (1989) and Dweck 's (1999, 2002) theories on ability as conceptual frameworks, this study explored teachers' and students' conceptions of ability in elementary physical education. Participants were 8 physical education specialists from five public schools and 160 students from their second- and fourth-grade classes. Teacher and student interviews and questionnaires were used for data collection. When asked to describe the "best" and "poorest" students in their physical education classes, teachers defined or referenced student status solely in terms of class behavior and effort, such as participation and working hard. In contrast, students primarily used ability-related indicators, such as task mastery and social comparison along with class behavior as criteria of their own ability. Overall, teachers and students had different views of "good" students in elementary physical education. In an era of standards-based learning and accountability in education, teachers may need to focus more on a task-involved climate by taking into account student learning and achievement. 相似文献
19.
试论体育兴趣、爱好与习惯——奠定学生终生体育基础应强调培养学生从事体育锻炼的兴趣、爱好和习惯 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
体育是需要强调人们亲自参加体育锻炼,并成为日常生活不可分割的内容。培养人们对体育的兴趣、爱好,养成体育锻炼的习惯是体育教育成果的一个重要标志。忽视培养学生对从事体育活动的兴趣、爱好和养成锻炼的习惯就不可能奠定学生终生体育的基础。故学校体育改革不仅要使学生掌握“三基”培养学生体育能力,而且应把体育课和课外体育活动结合起来,强调培养学生对体育的兴趣、爱好,养成体育锻炼的习惯,这样才能全面实现学校体育的目的任务。 相似文献