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1.
This paper investigates the impact of public vs private finance of education and public vs private management of schools on school cost and efficiency, using school-level data on revenues, expenditures, enrollments, examination scores and student characteristics from Indonesian primary schools. We find that in Indonesia, where schools generally operate at very low funding levels, more money is likely to bring better school quality. Private management is more efficient than public management in achieving academic quality. Private funding also improves efficiency whether the schools are publicly or privately managed, but the incremental effect declines as the local funding share increases. 相似文献
2.
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the socioeconomic status (SES) school segregation in Chile, whose educational system is regarded as an extreme case of a market-oriented education. The study estimated the magnitude and evolution of the SES segregation of schools at both national and local levels, and it studied the relationship between some local educational market dynamics and the observed magnitude of SES school segregation at municipal level. The main findings were: first, the magnitude of the SES segregation of both low-SES and high-SES students in Chile was very high (Duncan Index ranged from 0.50 to 0.60 in 2008); second, during the last decade, SES school segregation tended to slightly increase in Chile, especially in high schools (both public and private schools); third, private schools – including voucher schools – were more segregated than public schools for both low-SES and high-SES students; and finally, some market dynamics operating in the Chilean education (like privatization, school choice, and fee-paying) accounted for a relevant proportion of the observed variation in SES school segregation at municipal level. These findings are analyzed from an educational policy perspective in which the link between SES school segregation and market-oriented mechanisms in education plays a fundamental role. 相似文献
3.
顾美玲 《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,33(2):38-44
独立学院的前身是公立大学下设的民办二级学院,这是在公立高等教育的投入不足和民办高等教育发展艰辛的背景下,自下而上地探索出来的一种高教办学体制改革的新模式。独立学院则是教育部自上而下地对公立大学民办二级学院进行规范而出现的高校办学新模式,是新形势下,由于社会、市场和政府的共同作用而形成的高教办学体制改革中最引人注目的变革。独立学院的改革探索有两种发展前景:回归大学母体或成长为完全独立的民办大学。 相似文献
4.
Higher education reform in Romania 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Thomas Owen Eisemon Ioan Mihailescu Lazar Vlasceanu Catalin Zamfir John Sheehan Charles H. Davis 《Higher Education》1995,30(2):135-152
This paper reviews the crisis in Romanian universities since the country's political transition in 1989, and describes the government's strategy for revitalizing the higher education system. Attention is drawn to the expansion of access to higher education, the dramatic increase of enrollments in social science fields, the spontaneous establishment of private higher education institutions, and to the many difficulties institutions are experiencing in coping with these changes especially because of resource constraints. Comprehensive reform of the role of the state in the financing and governance of higher education are proposed. The government's reform strategy involves accreditation of public and private institutions, establishment of open transparent mechanisms for allocating institutional and research funding, as well as changes in the structure of academic employment. Successful implementation will require strengthening the fragile management capacity of the Ministry of Education and the higher education institutions. 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Educational Research》2001,35(1):29-44
This chapter describes the study as it was conducted in Japan in three schools: a public, a private, and a university school in Sapporo City, Hokkaido prefecture. The results suggest that the civic education curriculum in all of the schools is based on that outlined in the Courses of Study published by the Ministry of Education. In addition to Civics classes, the curriculum includes school events and student council activities. With regard to the development of civic values, the analysis suggests that in the public and the private school, the implicit values encountered in everyday school life have a greater impact on students than do the explicit values outlined in the school precepts or civic education curriculum. In the university school “acting with decency” is regarded as important, both explicitly and implicitly. 相似文献
6.
In Spain, the exercise of choice by parents of a suitable school for their children is not practised by all families in the same way. The evidence shows that an increasing social polarisation and a substantial disequilibrium in schooling are taking place in compulsory education. There is a high concentration of immigrant students in public schools in contrast with what happened in the centros concertados (private schools with public funding). This situation is especially unbalanced in some Autonomous Communities, such as the Community of Madrid, Catalonia, Valencia and Andalusia. The inequalities in the distribution of students in the network of public schools and private schools financed by public funds are producing significant responses from parents, teachers, experts, and also from other social groups. Some of the proposals made by different experts and by the Spanish Ministry of Education are analysed in order to reach to a quality education in more equitable conditions for all students. 相似文献
7.
基于教育平等、满足教育需求、促进教育改革、提高教育投入效益、科学分享管理权力等方面的分析,制定民办教育政策要努力争取落实民办学校、学生、教师与公办学校、学生、教师的平等法律地位;创造条件吸引社会资源进入教育领域,增加可供选择的多样化优质教育资源的供应量;落实民办学校办学自主权,促进教育体制机制和育人模式的创新;发挥公共财政对民办教育的激励作用,提高财政投入教育的产出水平;落实分级负责,多部门共同承担优化民办教育发展环境和规范民办学校办学行为的职责。 相似文献
8.
我国公共教育制度与教育均衡化发展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
郑新蓉 《北京教育学院学报》2003,17(2):1-6
“教育的均衡发展” ,是近年来我国基础教育发展的政策导向 ,也是国家公共义务教育体系的价值追求。教育均衡化是围绕教育公平提出的教育发展思路和政策 ,但是不等于教育公平。教育均衡化问题的提出 ,集中地反映了建国以来我国基础教育发展的根本矛盾。我国公共教育制度在社会主义计划经济时代与向社会主义市场经济转型时期所表现的教育公平形态是不一样的。教育均衡化所挑战的是我国公共教育结构性的问题 ,教育均衡化政策集中反映了最高决策部门在中国公共教育发展思路上的改革与创新。它是对趋于失范的公共教育制度的一种及时的调整和再规范。 相似文献
9.
适龄入学人口的减少导致日本私立大学面临生源和破产危机,私立学校丑闻频发也暴露了家族式学校治理的缺陷,私立学校的公益性有待加强。因此,日本文部科学省围绕“积极性治理”和“防御性治理”对《私立学校法》进行修订,包括制定修改规章制度,澄清学校法人权责、细化各方职能,加强信息公开、提高管理透明度等。但《私立学校法》仍存在争议,争议的焦点在于：如何确定理事会和评议会的权责;如何处理学校管理权与教学权,形成权力制衡格局;如何保障监事会的公正性与专业性,避免家族式私立学校监督乏力;如何处理学校法人自主治理和政府责任关系。《私立学校法》修订与争议的实质在于日本私立大学权力的监督与制衡。 相似文献
10.
王善迈 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2011,(5):5-9
《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》设计了未来10年中国教育改革和教育发展的蓝图,其中涉及到一系列教育经济、教育财政的理论与方法问题,需要从事教育经济学、教育财政学的研究者作出回答。这些问题包括教育与经济社会发展关系,教育中政府与市场关系,层级政府间教育职责和支出责任关系,教育管理中政府与学校关系,高等教育与劳动力市场关系,教育财政与财政制度评价,公共教育财政制度安排等。 相似文献
11.
Shai Katzir 《教育政策杂志》2019,34(2):215-241
The study explored how a group of private Haredi (ultra-Orthodox Jewish) schools legitimized an innovative non-mandatory reform. Specifically, it examined the circumstances that facilitated and hindered a coincidence of wants between the schools and the Ministry of Education, which resulted in signing agreements that changed the status of the schools from private to public. The study drew on interviews and on various documents, including contracts, summaries of meetings, and work plans. The conclusions portray the correspondence between the top-down and bottom-up processes that facilitated the reform. At their intersection, discursive interactions transpired between the Haredi inspectors at the Ministry of Education and school leaders, reflecting a mutual aspiration toward pragmatic legitimacy. The prominent barriers to the reform derived from the Ministry of Education’s strategic assumption that a quiet, unregulated reform would generate less resistance. However, this assumption led to actions that ultimately reduced the effectiveness of the discursive interactions and their ability to produce pragmatic legitimacy. We argue that to legitimize innovative non-mandatory educational reforms in strict religious groups, the State should speak in several voices: through discursive interactions led by cultural mediators, but also through official publications, regulations, and marketing campaigns that would strengthen the reform’s pragmatic legitimacy. 相似文献
12.
Education Management Organisations (EMOs), for-profit and non-profit management companies engaged in take-over and operation of public education, are becoming big business in the USA and the UK. It is estimated that in the US, EMOs were projected to generate up to $123 billion dollars in revenue in 2000. In the smaller UK system it is estimated that about 5 billion of services in public education could be contracted out to private organisations per annum. This paper examines the policy frameworks that have enabled EMOs to take-over and progressively contribute to the privatisation of public education in two national settings, the USA and England and Wales. The British scene is distinctive because government policies that have sought to expand the role of the private sector, via public-private partnerships, in the provision of public sector services and its strong accountability system, have provided opportunities for EMOs to be engaged in, or take-over, schools and educational administrative services formerly provided by LEAs. In the US, in the mid-1990s, EMOs were invited to take over school districts and specific schools. However, this practice has been succeeded by a new focus on taking over the management of charter schools. A large capital market that is able to finance enterprises involved in educational services supports the development of EMOs in the US. Our research findings, however, point to halting progress by EMOs in public education in the US. There have been well-publicised failures to deliver the promised better education at a lower cost and also well-documented failure to raise student performance levels in school and school districts. The paper concludes with reflections on the extent to which EMOs have taken forward privatisation and its implications for the governance of education. 相似文献
13.
This paper studies the effects of an increase in school choice by examining a 2008 reform that made the value of Chile’s (previously flat, universal) school voucher a step function of student income. This policy increased the number of private schools that low income children could access free of charge. I identify the impact of the policy by combining its introduction with variation from a date of birth enrollment cutoff. I show that the differentiated voucher lowered, but only slightly, the probability that students used public schools. Students more likely to move to private schools experienced better school characteristics but no increase in test scores. Further analysis suggests a rise in test scores for students most likely to stay in public schools. These results suggest that the effects of the policy on test scores were caused by responses from public schools, instead of by the re-sorting of students into private schools. 相似文献
14.
《International Journal of Educational Development》1998,18(5):367-383
Developing countries have been quite successful at expanding enrollments in education, especially at the lower levels. But for any given level of efficiency, increased enrollments require increased resources, in order to maintain quality. If these resources are not forthcoming, the increase in educational quantity may come at the expense of quality. Is there a quantity–quality trade-off and what public policies can diminish it, in the face of strong constraints on public budgets? This paper explores the negative impact of such an enrollment expansion—unaccompanied by increased numbers of teachers—on school conditions and learning, using a cross-district time series analysis of Tamil Nadu, India as a case in point. It examines alternative policies which can be used to avoid such negative effects—by more efficient use of existing public resources and by expansion of over-all educational resources through greater reliance on private management and finance. 相似文献
15.
16.
Using data from the survey of the Ministry of Education, Nepal-2005 for school leaving certificate (SLC) exam, this paper attempts to estimate the impact of private school competition on public school performance for the case of Nepal. The study uses the number of private schools in the neighborhood as a measure of competition. The identification problem is that private school enrollment is likely to be correlated with public school performance. To address this, the study uses the existence of a motorable road within an hour's walking distance from the sample school as an instrument for number of private schools in the neighborhood. The OLS results show no significant relationship. In contrast, the IV method indicates a positive and significant impact of private school competition on public school performance, which holds true for the continuous and binary measure of private school competition. 相似文献
17.
高级应用型人才培养方案的构建——仰恩大学2007年人才培养方案修订的研究与实践 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
教育部实施的本科教学"质量工程"要求各高校深化教育教学改革,全面加强大学生素质和创新能力培养,仰恩大学是全国本科私立改革试点单位,仰恩大学在贯彻教育部教学改革精神,探索构建高级应用型创新人才、加强课程建设、培养学生实践和创新能力等方面做了有益的探索. 相似文献
18.
汪建华 《上海教育评估研究》2021,10(1):38-43
党的十八大以来,中外合作办学正成为我国教育的重要增长领域。顶层设计日臻完善,质量效益持续提升,学校规模不断扩大。但另一方面,国家和社会的发展对中外合作办学提出了新的要求。日前,《教育部等八部门关于加快和扩大新时代教育对外开放的意见》和《深化新时代教育评价改革总体方案》两个重要文件的出台为我们探讨解决新形势下共同面临的挑战,探索高水平合作办学发展的“中国路径”,特别是以评价改革为契机,引导中外合作办学提质增效提供了重要指导。 相似文献
19.
Alejandro Carrasco Germán Fromm 《Journal of educational administration and history》2016,48(4):290-308
Chile is well known worldwide for its extensive use of market-driven mechanisms in education. Using a case study strategy in three schools, this paper shows that ‘universal’ voucher system and mixed provision (co-existence of subsidised private and state-funded schools) policies are reshaping school management practices. The paper draws evidence from ethnographic data in disadvantaged Chilean public schools and uses Bourdieu’s notion of field as an analytical tool in order to conceptualise the schools’ practices within their local markets as a symbolic and strategic ‘game’ of competition. One of the main findings is that, in response to market pressures and their specific positions within local markets, school leaders built a market-competitive agenda, preparing detailed strategies and undertaking decision-making practices accordingly. These practices were distinctive in relation to different school market positions, impacting the schools’ priorities, value disputes, and management goals. 相似文献
20.
José Weinstein 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(4):651-670
The Chilean education system is an emblematic case of school management privatization, with the majority of schools operating under government funding, but private administration. This article addresses the incidence of this dimension on school leadership, showing the differences and continuities established among primary school principals in the subsidized private and municipal sectors. The conclusion is that private school administrators do not recruit principals on a competitive basis, as a result of which these principals do not present a more developed professional profile, and that merely having more duties for executing the principal position – as happens in subsidized private schools – is not enough for an effective development of practices evidencing improved school leadership. These conclusions challenge the statement frequently expressed, but lacking sufficient empirical evidence, that the greater autonomy in school management encompassed by privatization will positively impact on school leadership and, therefore, on educational improvement. 相似文献