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1.
从20世纪80年代起,美国大学纷纷开始实施战略规划活动,我国大学在20世纪90年代也纷纷开始了自主性的战略规划活动,然而对于大学战略规划活动的有效性问题却始终存在争议,相关实证研究也呈现出支持和否定两种结果。但对大学来说,实施战略规划至少可以有效终止组织内的争论、凝聚发展力量,同时战略规划还是大学回应外部利益相关者重大关切的工具。大学实施战略规划肯定会出问题,但出问题并不表明战略规划在本质上是无效的,真正应该思考的是如何应对这些不可避免的问题。大学必须充分认识到,实施战略规划是为了帮助其更清晰、更有效地思考。此外,如果大学不实施战略规划,就会挑战现有秩序,丧失合法性。以上这些理由决定了大学不应该回避战略规划。 相似文献
2.
China’s key science and technology universities are modelled on the French école Polytechnique. As such, they are utilitarian institutions, rooted in the concept of cultivating manpower for society’s economic progress,
and tending to ignore the development of the individual. As China’s elite higher education system took in a rapidly increasing
number of students in the recent massification process, China’s key science and technology universities underwent reform to
become more comprehensive in curricular offerings and more research-oriented in function. The authors have uncovered an interesting
phenomenon: Despite repeated discussion in academic circles, this transformation was never actually a conscious strategic
choice for universities. Only when the Chinese government launched a program of higher education “massification” did universities
develop their own unique reform strategies in a move to become more comprehensive and more research oriented. The authors
have adopted a multi-stream analysis framework to describe and analyze three case study universities: University of Science
and Technology of China (USTC), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), and Northwest Agriculture and Forestry
University (NWAFU). It was found that Chinese universities already have quite a high level of autonomy, but that the government
still has the power to make strategic decisions. Each university’s decision-making mechanism has been an independent process
within the constraints of the political economic structure over this period, and policy-making has combined top-down and bottom-up
processes. 相似文献
3.
Don Adams 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2000,1(1):31-45
To academic visionaries the new century appears to have an emerging environment characterized by increased complexity, uncertainty,
unpredictability which, some have argued, render traditional notions of planning and management irrelevant. The expectations
of management and planning scholars carry the implicit assumption that somehow individual capability and organizational capacities
will rise to meet the enormous challenges of this new environment. In the light of this situation the purposes of this paper
are: (1) to briefly examine the limitations and criticisms of traditional educational planning; (2) to outline the emerging
concepts and processes which collectively form a new paradigm for strategic planning; (3) to discuss the new model within
the context of changing national policy and planning environments and increased localization; (4) to review the limited results
of empirical research related to more participatory planning models; and (5) to offer a critique of the assumptions and practicality
of the new model in the process of planning and sustaining educational change in developing countries 相似文献
4.
Michael Shattock 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(2):93-104
Abstract This paper contrasts the emphasis on planning in universities when funding from the state was stable and resources followed student numbers, with the emphasis on strategic management when state funding is declining and universities are of necessity much more market orientated. Planning processes could work well when universities had a predictable future, but are less appropriate when the climate is turbulent. The paper suggests that the following are the key words for successful universities in the new environment, competitiveness, opportunism, income generation and cost reduction, relevance, excellence and reputation. It goes on to argue that this framework of key characteristics demands a new approach to strategic management in universities requiring universities to take a holistic view of their activities, to coordinate institutional strengths so that they reinforce one another and to create machinery whereby academic, financial and physical planning strategy is decided on an integrated basis. 相似文献
5.
China’s key science and technology universities are modelled on the French école Polytechnique. As such, they are utilitarian institutions, rooted in the concept of cultivating manpower for society’s economic progress, and tending to ignore the development of the individual. As China’s elite higher education system took in a rapidly increasing number of students in the recent massification process, China’s key science and technology universities underwent reform to become more comprehensive in curricular offerings and more research-oriented in function. The authors have uncovered an interesting phenomenon: Despite repeated discussion in academic circles, this transformation was never actually a conscious strategic choice for universities. Only when the Chinese government launched a program of higher education “massification” did universities develop their own unique reform strategies in a move to become more comprehensive and more research oriented. The authors have adopted a multi-stream analysis framework to describe and analyze three case study universities: University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), and Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University (NWAFU). It was found that Chinese universities already have quite a high level of autonomy, but that the government still has the power to make strategic decisions. Each university’s decision-making mechanism has been an independent process within the constraints of the political economic structure over this period, and policy-making has combined top-down and bottom-up processes. 相似文献
6.
Donald J. Bradmore 《高等教育研究与发展》2009,28(5):495-508
Australian public universities are struggling to maintain parity with international counterparts in an environment that is becoming increasingly competitive globally. While most universities are now heeding calls from sector leaders to become more competitive, any strategies that they implement to effect change in this regard might be too late to save some. A systematic content analysis of published strategic plans of Australian public universities, undertaken during 2005–2007, indicates that universities were not taking the threat of rapidly intensifying competition seriously enough at a time when foreign competitors were making inroads into their markets and when deregulation and new communication technologies were spawning rivals in many new forms. This research has three principal implications: all Australian public universities need to re‐examine their strategic planning processes to determine whether (1) adequate attention is being paid to rapid intensification of competition; (2) strategies already implemented in response to increasing competition are appropriate; and (3) more can be done to develop better models to guide competitive behaviour in a university sector with unique characteristics. 相似文献
7.
重大挑战计划既是应对社会重大需求的学术动议,也是政产学研各主体协同的社会运动,已得到政府机构、大学及非大学组织的关注。美国部分大学以解决区域社会重大需求和全球性重大挑战为基本任务,凝炼实施若干战略性行动计划,在研究组织、资源汇聚、制度建设等方面大胆突破。重大挑战创新范式的核心在于实现学科会聚进而提升大学内部集群竞争力,而国内大学在重大领域方向凝炼、实施路径精细化、大范围协同参与等方面尚有差距。国内一流大学迫切需要面向社会重大需求,强化学科交叉会聚和跨领域、多主体协同创新。 相似文献
8.
Tess Howes 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2018,40(5):442-457
Strategic planning was introduced to Australian universities as part of the Commonwealth Government higher education reforms of 1988. The ‘Dawkins Reforms’ implemented extensive structural reform, changed executive leadership roles and responsibilities, commenced the ‘managerialisation’ of the Australian university sector, introduced the Higher Education Contribution Scheme and facilitated the transformation of Australian universities from collegial academies to modern, ‘enterprise’ universities.There is an abundance of published marketing material celebrating ‘effective’ strategic planning outcomes in the myriad of strategic plans published by Australian universities. Yet, a recent study indicates that strategic planning remains a contested internal leadership function in Australian universities almost 30 years after traditional academic planning was replaced with commercially-focused strategic planning. This paper will review the effectiveness of strategic planning practices in Australian universities guided by the rhetorical question: ‘how good are we and how do we know?’ 相似文献
9.
吴洪富 《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2020,22(1):59-66
科教融合是当代大学的重要理念和一项基本原则,科教融合包括科研与教学互动、科研与教学之间的成果转化及学生参与科研活动等,新西兰坎特伯雷大学在这方面的经验值得借鉴。受教育法律和学术审核等制度的影响,坎特伯雷大学建构了创新性的科教融合制度,如在章程和战略规划等重大制度中确立科教融合,通过师资管理、机构改革等核心制度推进科教融合。除此以外,还形成了全组织、多形式、重视外显化的实践策略体系。同世界许多大学一样,坎特伯雷大学在科教融合方面也遭遇了不小的挑战,但无论怎样,科教融合这一理念都是高等教育一个基本原则之一。 相似文献
10.
杨克磊 《天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2010,(1)
我国的研究型大学在高端人才培养和学术研究上具有重要的地位.因此,如何从战略规划的视角,来理解研究型大学培育核心竞争力的战略规划理念,分析其影响因素及实现形式,进一步制定其发展战略及战略规划,已成为研究型大学建设的一项根本任务. 相似文献
11.
谈大学学科布局 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
钱颖一 《清华大学教育研究》2003,24(6):1-11
本文从国际比较的视角来考察目前中国综合性研究型大学中在学科布局上存在的普遍性问题。第一部分以若干所美国知名大学内部学院和学科设置为例，论述综合性研究型大学中学院设置的三个层次的共同规律。以此为基础，第二部分分析中国目前通行的学科分类的缺陷，大学内部学院设置的偏差，以及本科生和研究生培养模式的问题，并提出相应的改革建议。 相似文献
12.
刘志忠 《青岛大学师范学院学报》2014,(11):27-33
大学战略管理是大学战略导向的一种管理方式。大学外部环境的变化和战略管理本身的功效使得我国大学选择战略管理具有某种必然性。目前,我国大学实施战略管理应注重大学文化建设、环境分析、建立动态适应的组织结构、选取战略重点和建立通畅的沟通机制。 相似文献
13.
美国研究型大学战略规划工作探析——以威斯康星-麦迪逊大学为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
战略规划工作是世界一流大学实施战略管理的重要内容,近年来日益为我国高校所重视。以威斯康星-麦迪逊大学规划工作的演进为线索,以该校近15年来相继出台的三部战略规划为样本进行分析,在一定程度上反映了美国研究型大学战略规划的基本内容和过程特征。 相似文献
14.
《Higher Education Policy》1997,10(1):23-30
Since 1991 donors have advised sub-Saharan African universities to prepare “strategic plans”. Universities should embark on strategic planning because they believe it has value in its own right, independently of whether it may release donor funds. Restructuring the relationship with government is a vital dimension. The plan as a document, to be publicized and negotiated, also takes on greater significance than Northern planning models allow. It must show how the university can serve its society, so the making must tap the skills and energies of academic colleagues. But engaging their co-operation in determining academic priorities has been a repeated difficulty. Much training is required, and a high premium is placed on the vice-chancellor's leadership. Continuous support from consultants helps, but the university must take ownership of the plan. The strategic plans which have been produced are considerable achievements. The form of strategic planning should be very different, certainly in detail and maybe in broad shape, in African universities than in their Northern counterparts. Opportunities for planners in Africa to learn from each other and to develop models appropriate to their circumstances will be of vital importance. 相似文献
15.
郄海霞 《清华大学教育研究》2012,33(1):51-58
本文在回顾美国学术协会与研究型大学演进历程的基础上,分析了学术协会对研究型大学的作用和影响,包括确立研究导向、建立学科基础、设立学术期刊、推动学术交流等。研究认为,美国各种学术协会为推动美国学院和大学的转型,建立以研究为导向的大学提供了学科基础、学术规则和交流平台,是美国研究型大学兴起和发展的原发性推动力量之一。 相似文献
16.
This paper contrasts the emphasis onplanning in universities when funding from the statewas stable and resources followed student numbers,with the emphasis on strategic management when statefunding is declining and universities are of necessitymuch more market orientated. Planning processes couldwork well when universities had a predictable future,but are less appropriate when the climate isturbulent. The paper suggests that the following arethe key words for successful universities in the newenvironment, competitiveness, opportunism, incomegeneration and cost reduction, relevance, excellenceand reputation. It goes on to argue that thisframework of key characteristics demands a newapproach to strategic management in universitiesrequiring universities to take a holistic view oftheir activities, to coordinate institutionalstrengths so that they reinforce one another and tocreate machinery whereby academic, financial andphysical planning strategy is decided on an integratedbasis. 相似文献
17.
The rapid growth in popularity of social networking sites has spurred research exploring the impact of usage in a variety of areas. The current study furthered this line of research by examining the relationships between social network usage and adjustment to college in the academic, social, personal-emotional and university affiliation domains. Realising the number of students with social networking accounts, some universities have developed strategic plans for social media. Thus, this study also compared two universities, one with a social media strategic plan and one without, to determine if the planning process had an influence on students. Results indicated that social network usage was related to college adjustment. Specifically, those students who reported higher rates of social media use reported lower levels of adjustment to college in all domains. However, there were no differences between the two universities, indicating that having a social media strategic plan does not influence students in the area of college adjustment. These results are discussed in light of retention rates and changing practices within higher education. 相似文献
18.
美国高校中普遍存在着学生学术不诚信的现象,对此,学者们从不同的角度做了理论解释.总的看来,它受个人道德发展水平、个体特征和环境等多方面因素的影响.美国高校从这些方面着手寻找治理对策,在创造良好的学术环境、纠正学生学术不诚信行为方面积累了宝贵的经验,对我国高校的诚信教育具有一定的借鉴意义. 相似文献
19.
Hannele Niemi Heikki Kynäslahti Sanna Vahtivuori-Hänninen 《Learning, Media and Technology》2013,38(1):57-71
The article discusses how to strengthen educational use of information and communication technology (ICT) in Finnish schools. The conceptions and experiences of the successful integration of ICT in everyday school settings are reported. Participant observations in 20 schools in different parts of Finland were carried out, including discussions with principals and teachers. The results show that when promoting new technology and practices in schools, many components overlap and support each other. The following six main characteristics of successful integration were identified: (1) ICT included in strategic planning, as part of school culture, (2) teaching and learning methods facilitating participation and leading to empowerment, (3) flexible curriculums, (4) high investments in communication, (5) optimum leadership and management, and (6) teaching staff's strong capacity and commitment. The research indicates that an open school culture allows staff to take risks when applying new technology, creates learning environments and empowers learners. 相似文献
20.
美国高等教育在战略规划方面具有比较成熟的经验.本文选取美国研究型大学、四年制本科院校和公立两年制社区学院等三所不同层次的公立高校,解读他们制订的战略规划,同时归纳其对我国公立高校制订规划的启示. 相似文献