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1.
This paper analyses how differences in the industry composition of British local labour markets moderate the impact of foreign technological competition in manufacturing on domestic employment, both overall and across subsamples of workers with different skill levels (high, intermediate and low). To this scope, it exploits both variations across industries in the exposure to the introduction of new technologies, and information on how such industries are combined in shaping the industrial structure of each place. The analysis shows that places that specialise in industries undergoing substantial technological competition due to foreign innovation experience a reduction in total employment that is 4.5% larger than places less exposed based on their initial industry mix. This negative performance is mainly explained by a decrease in the employment opportunities for intermediate-skilled workers. Limited support is found for successful adaptation trajectories over time across British local labour markets.  相似文献   

2.
Clusters,convergence, and economic performance   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper evaluates the role of regional cluster composition in regional industry performance. On the one hand, diminishing returns to specialization in a location can result in a convergence effect: the growth rate of an industry within a region may be declining in the level of economic activity of that industry. At the same time, positive spillovers across complementary economic activities can provide an impetus for agglomeration: the growth rate of an industry within a region may be increasing in the “strength” (i.e., relative presence) of related industries. Building on Porter (1998, 2003), we develop a systematic empirical framework to analyze the role of regional clusters – groups of closely related industries operating within a particular region – in the growth of regional industries. We exploit data from the US Cluster Mapping Project to examine the effects of agglomeration within regional clusters after controlling for convergence at the region-industry level. Our findings suggest that industries located in a strong cluster register higher employment and patenting growth. Regional industry growth also increases with the strength of related clusters in the region and with the strength of similar clusters in adjacent regions. We also find evidence of the complementarity between employment and innovation performance in regional clusters: both the initial employment and patenting strength of a cluster have a separate positive effect on the employment and patenting growth of the constituent industries. Finally, we find that new regional industries emerge where there is a strong cluster. These findings are consistent with multiple types of externalities arising in clusters, including knowledge, skills, and input–output linkages.  相似文献   

3.
张冀新  王怡晖 《科学学研究》2019,37(8):1385-1393
以70个创新型产业集群为基础,运用三阶段DEA方法测度产业集群创新效率,以及战略性新兴产业技术效率的行业差异。结果表明创新型产业集群技术效率调整前规模效率主导,调整后规模因素和技术因素共同主导,产业集群以规模报酬递增为主。战略性新兴产业技术效率前三位依次是:新能源产业(集群数5)、新一代信息技术产业(集群数19)、新材料产业(集群数9),而节能环保产业(集群数2)技术效率最低。依托国家级科技企业孵化器、产业联盟组织、人力资本环境变量协同发展产业体系,可降低战略性新兴产业创新资源错配和效率损失。  相似文献   

4.
海峡两岸战略性新兴产业集群协同演进研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
朱斌  欧伟强 《科研管理》2016,37(7):35-46
论文分析了海峡两岸战略性新兴产业集群协同演进的六大"演化代",阐述了两岸产业集群持续创新能力演进机理。并以闽台LED产业集群为例,采用多链扩展改进的产业技术路线图,对两岸战略性新兴产业集群协同演进过程进行全产业链、多维度综合分析。最后,提出了促进两岸战略性新兴产业集群协同演进的思路:(1)在实现模式上,以战略性新兴产业重大项目对接推进战略性新兴产业对接,进而促进战略性新兴产业投资,加速战略性新兴产业发展,最终带动两岸新兴产业集群乃至相关产业集群的腾飞。(2)在运行机制上,实现由"分散发展"向"集聚发展"转变、由"个体制造"向"聚合制造"转变、由"技术追赶"向"技术跨越"转变。  相似文献   

5.
战略性新兴产业增加值占GDP比重2025年将超过17%,以战略性新兴产业为主导的创新型产业集群,充分发挥国家高新区产业集聚作用。为提升国家高新区创新型产业集群培育能力,构建载体建设、主体培育、产业创新、园区关联四维度培育能力评价体系,采用熵值法和突变级数法,评价国家高新区创新型产业集群培育能力,并构建回归模型考察创新型产业集群各维度能力对培育成效影响。结果表明国家高新区创新型产业集群培育能力呈现非均衡性,东部高于中部和西部,各维度能力一定程度上提升创新型产业集群培育成效。载体建设能力与产业创新能力对集群培育成效影响较显著,强于主体培育能力与园区关联能力。  相似文献   

6.
针对区域产业集群识别与选择的难题,以江西省工业行业为例,从"行业识别"和"区域比较"两个方面构建双维两阶段筛选模型,首轮"行业识别"阶段运用因子分析法确定产业集群培育的12个工业重点行业,"区域比较"阶段根据产业规模、同行业企业数量、产业链延伸规模、行业集中度、技术创新水平、品牌建设能力等指标,运用聚类分析法对江西省区域产业集群进行动态筛选,将产业集群区分为优势型、成长型和潜力型三种类型。  相似文献   

7.
许强  应翔君 《软科学》2012,26(6):10-15
从核心企业的视角出发,选择张江生物制药产业集群、中关村电子信息产业集群、柳市低压电器产业集群、顺德家电产业集群等4个典型案例,研究传统产业集群和高技术产业集群形成的协同创新网络的异同。从网络成员、网络结构和互动行为三个方面进行比较和分析,得出核心企业主导下的传统产业集群与高技术产业集群在协同创新的范围与程度两方面存在差异,并揭示了造成两类产业集群协同创新行为差异的原因。  相似文献   

8.
开放式创新盛行的背景下,如何提升产业创新网络应对“创造性毁灭”的能力是学界和业界关注的重点。近年来,产业创新网络中技术群体之间的创新交互活动日益成为新趋势。在此背景下,深入研究技术群体耦合对产业创新网络抗毁性的影响机制具有重要意义,然而二者之间的作用关系还较为模糊,亟待立足“整体网”层面给予深入阐释和剖析。本文选取新能源产业主要技术子领域的144个专利引用网络为研究对象,采用网络拓扑分析和层级回归分析,实证检验了技术群体耦合对产业创新网络抗毁性的作用机制,并探讨了产业创新网络的内部集聚结构在这一关系中的中介作用和产业外部技术动态性的调节作用。研究结果表明:技术群体耦合对产业创新网络抗毁性具有显著的正向影响;集聚结构在二者关系间起部分中介作用;技术动态性对二者关系起负向调节作用。研究结论对于产业政策部门在不同的技术动态环境下,通过引导产业内技术群体耦合和调整产业创新网络结构的集聚态势来提升产业创新网络抗毁性具有重要的实践指导价值。  相似文献   

9.
战略网络、产业群聚与企业竞争力的关系研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
探讨不同类型战略网络与产业群聚对企业竞争力的影响是否存在差异,并以珠江三角洲企业为例进行实证研究。  相似文献   

10.
产业集群的识别标准研究   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
制定产业集群的识别标准是对产业集群进行绩效评价等定量研究的一项重要的基础性工作。本文运用关系舍约理论、分工理论以及投入产出分析法,探讨产业集群的辨认、集群的产业分类和产业集群边界的确定三个子标准的内涵和要求,从而制定了产业集群的识别标准,并对现行的行业分类体系提出了建设性意见。  相似文献   

11.
发达国家的理论观点认为,随着产业集群内部企业之间人员流动和知识交流,集群内部企业间的互动学习效应会得到增强。本文通过对临朐和大沥两个处于不同发展阶段的铝型材产业集群的对比分析,探讨集群中技术扩散过程。结果表明,与现有的集群理论观点相左,在集群发展尚处于早期的临朐,集群内部技术学习效应明显,但在相对成熟的大沥镇企业间的学习效应却并不显著。这是因为企业间的相互学习主要不是为了实现技术突破,而更多的是对现有技术的模仿和追赶。正是这种企业行为特征决定了S型的扩散曲线在发展中国家集群中的适用性。由此,集群内部的技术扩散过程应成为理解集群形成的重要视角。  相似文献   

12.
Knowledge bases and regional innovation systems: Comparing Nordic clusters   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12  
The analysis of the importance of different types of regional innovation systems must take place within a context of the actual knowledge base of various industries in the economy, as the innovation processes of firms are strongly shaped by their specific knowledge base. In this paper, we shall distinguish between two types of knowledge base: analytical and synthetic. These types indicate different mixes of tacit and codified knowledge, codification possibilities and limits, qualifications and skills, required organisations and institutions involved, as well as specific competitive challenges from a globalising economy, which have different implications for different sectors of industry, and, thus, for the kind of innovation support needed. The traditional constellation of industrial clusters surrounded by innovation supporting organisations, constituting a regional innovation system, is nearly always to be found in contexts of industries with a synthetic knowledge base (e.g. engineering-based industries), while the existence of regional innovation systems as an integral part of a cluster will normally be the case of industries-based on an analytical knowledge base (e.g. science-based industries, such as IT and bio-tech). In the discussion of different types of regional innovation systems five empirical illustrations from a Nordic comparative project on SMEs and regional innovation systems will be used: the furniture industry in Salling, Denmark; the wireless communication industry in North Jutland, Denmark; the functional food industry in Scania, Sweden; the food industry in Rogaland, Norway and the electronics industry in Horten, Norway. We argue that in terms of innovation policy the regional level often provides a grounded approach embedded in networks of actors acknowledging the importance of the knowledge base of an industry.  相似文献   

13.
本文整合关系治理、社会网络和知识管理相关理论,利用德阳装备制造业集群中的205家企业的问卷数据,采用结构方程模型,探讨了关系治理、集群创新网络与集群企业知识共享之间的相互关系与作用机制。研究发现,关系治理下的三个维度--共同愿景、联合行动和资源依赖对集群企业知识共享均有正向影响;共同愿景、资源依赖正向影响集群创新网络的结构嵌入与关系嵌入,而联合行动只对集群创新网络的结构嵌入有正向影响;集群创新网络在关系治理与集群企业知识共享关系中起中介作用,但在不同维度的关系治理与知识共享关系中的中介作用存在显著差异。通过构建“关系治理--集群创新网络—集群知识共享”的理论模型和分析框架,本文丰富了关系治理、社会网络和知识管理领域的研究成果,为集群企业合理运用关系治理行为来构建创新网络并促进彼此间的知识共享提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

14.
中部汽车产业集群案例分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
参照以上汽为主导的上海汽车产业群,此文对以神龙为主导的武汉汽车产业群、以奇瑞为主导的芜湖汽车产业群分别从集成式创新的三个层面进行了比较分析,指出中部地区汽车产业集群的发展优势及不足;最后针对发展轴轮式优势产业提出相应的政策建议.  相似文献   

15.
Does technology require labour mobility to diffuse? To explore this, we use German social-security data and ask how plants that pioneer an industry in a location – and for which the local labour market offers no experienced workers – assemble their workforces. These pioneers use different recruiting strategies than plants elsewhere: they hire more workers from outside their industry and from outside their region, especially when workers come from closely related industries or are highly skilled. The importance of access to experienced workers is highlighted in the diffusion of industries from western Germany to the post-reunification economy of eastern German. While manufacturing employment declined in most advanced economies, eastern German regions managed to reindustrialise. The pioneers involved in this process relied heavily on expertise from western Germany: while establishing new manufacturing industries in the East, they sourced half of their experienced workers from the West.  相似文献   

16.
面向自主发展的产业技术创新平台的构建   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
产业技术创新平台是产业层面上的技术创新资源共享的、系统化的、集成的支撑体系,该平台能够为某一产业以及相关的产业群或区域化的特色产业技术创新活动提供有效、高质、公平的服务。对产业技术创新平台的内涵进行了界定,分析了构建平台的重要意义。从战略的角度对产业技术创新平台的总体框架以及运行机制进行了探讨。  相似文献   

17.
产业集聚水平测度的实证研究   总被引:39,自引:0,他引:39  
产业集聚作为产业演化过程中的一种地缘现象,是各国经济发展过程中的必然产物。由于规模收益递增和正的外部经济效应,产业集聚往往导致制造工业进一步趋向集中,对区域产业布局与发展产生重要影响。本文利用产业空间集聚指数和行业集中度CR。指标对中国部分制造产业1994-2003年集聚水平进行了测度。计算结果表明:在研究时限内,除医药制造行业存在下降趋势以外,中国制造产业的总体集聚程度正在不断提高,产业集聚和地方化呈现增长趋势。产业集聚弹性能够反映出不同产业集聚水平变化对工业经济增长产生的不同影响。可以为我们评价和发展产业集群提供决策参考。  相似文献   

18.
集群企业提升创新绩效的策略重点应转向"结合内部资源更充分利用集群网络资源"。传统产业特征及单个企业创新能力不足使得传统中小企业产业集群网络式创新成为必然。本文将集群网络划分为网络结构和网络关系2个维度,利用浙江绍兴轻纺产业集群这一典型传统产业集群的调查数据,通过因子分析和结构方程模型实证检验了产业集群网络结构、网络关系与集群企业创新绩效路径关系,结果显示集群网络结构、网络关系与企业创新绩效均具有显著正向影响,且产业集群网络关系对企业创新绩效影响明显强于网络结构的影响。此结论对于优化产业集群网络、提升集群企业创新绩效的政策制定具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

19.
在产业集群和持续创新理论框架下,以五个国外典型集群为研究对象,采取多案例研究方法,对生物技术产业集群研究其持续创新网络的主要成员、网络组织结构及运行机制,并得出若干针对地方政府促进我国生物技术园区发展的启示.  相似文献   

20.
经济新常态对传统劳动密集型产业的负面影响极大,传统产业集群升级迫在眉睫.构建以集群政策为升级基础、集群自我优化推力和外在市场需求拉力共同作用的产业集群升级动力结构框架,并以此分析增城牛仔产业集群升级动力因素及其作用情况,以揭示传统产业集群升级过程中的经验与教训,并为集群内企业及区域政府科学参与集群升级决策提供意见参考.  相似文献   

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