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1.
教师对课程改革的理解和创造性工作是课程改革能否在教学实践层面落实的关键,而教师的课程理解力正是制约教师课程理解的前提因素。尊重教师的实践性知识、提升教师的理论自觉、构建课程共同体等方面努力是促进教师课程理解力生成的可能路径。 相似文献
2.
Using interview data from secondary teachers, this study examines conflicting perspectives on the effects of the new national curriculum in South Korea, which was intended to grant more autonomy to individual schools and teachers. Contrary to the general belief that teachers want more autonomy to customize their curricula to meet students' needs, this study found that the participating teachers did not welcome the enhanced curricular autonomy nor did they believe it would diversify the school curriculum. The primary causes of this contradiction are the gap between the desired and the granted autonomy, the new national curriculum's negative impact on the relationships among teachers and their job security, and the prevalent credential culture in South Korea. Based on these findings, this study suggests wider implications for curriculum scholars and policymakers in other contexts concerning the nature and effects of teacher autonomy in curriculum development. 相似文献
3.
Drew Polly 《课程研究杂志》2017,49(2):132-148
With the adoption of new content standards, teachers are often left without adequate curriculum resources. This study examined how educators used their curricular resources to teach new mathematics standards in the USA. Analyses of open-ended survey responses from 257 teachers and teacher–leaders in Grades 3 through Grade 5 indicated that every educator reported supplementing their districts’ or schools’ primary curricular resources with other materials. These supplements primarily included resources found for free on websites and resources that claimed to be aligned to the new standards, but varied in terms of alignment to national standards for effective mathematics curriculum. Implications for this study include further research on how teachers make decisions regarding curriculum resources as well as increasing teachers’ access to quality curriculum materials that can support students’ mathematical learning. 相似文献
4.
Curriculum materials and knowledge about curricular purposes and structures are valuable tools that teachers often draw upon to organize instruction and facilitate student learning. Careful analysis of teachers’ curriculum implementation and the decision-making that undergirds their curriculum use is critical for fully understanding enactment. This paper compares how integrity analyses of implementation of curriculum materials and actor-oriented analysis of teachers’ curriculum use can help researchers, teacher educators, and curriculum designers interpret teachers’ decisions about what aspects of new materials to use and how to use such materials. Drawing on evidence from teacher interviews and observations, we compare two teachers’ enactments of a new elementary-level environmental biology unit. Our analyses of integrity point to differences in teachers’ adaptations with respect to their consistency with the purposes and structures of curriculum materials as construed by designers. By contrast, our actor-oriented analysis explain how the teachers’ different approaches to interpreting the goals and structures of the curriculum unit partly account for patterns in their enactment in ways that can inform refinements to materials and the design of professional development supports for teachers. In so doing, we show how implementation integrity and actor-oriented analyses offer complementary perspectives to inform curriculum research and development. 相似文献
5.
教师课程领导是指教师在课程事务上通过相互影响来实现课程发展目标、促进教师专业成长、提升学生学习品质的过程。目前教师课程领导仍处于自发状态的因素主要在于：传统学校课程管理体制的影响、教师的课程意识淡薄、教师的课程参与意识不强、教师课程领导知能不足、教师文化的封闭与保守等方面。为使教师课程领导从自发走向自觉,应从赋予教师权限和建立对话平台,提高教师课程领导的专业知能,增强教师课程意识,建立合作开放的教师文化四方面努力,以促进教师课程领导。 相似文献
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7.
Elizabeth A. Davis Carrie BeyerCory T. Forbes Shawn Stevens 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2011,27(4):797-810
Teachers need to develop the ability to adapt curriculum materials. Two elementary teachers, Maggie and Catie, were asked to write narratives about their use of and changes to particular reform-oriented science lesson plans. Maggie drew on her knowledge of and experiences with students, as well as other knowledge, experiences, and resources, to make productive changes to account for her students’ prior knowledge and abilities. Catie based her curricular adaptations on her learning goals—but these were not aligned with the learning goals of the curriculum materials. The paper discusses implications for teacher education, professional development, and educative curriculum materials. 相似文献
8.
Anna Kilderry 《教育政策杂志》2014,29(2):242-262
This paper examines teacher accountability and authority in early childhood policy. It reports on data from a study that investigated the influences affecting early childhood teacher decision-making at the preschool level in Victoria, Australia. Using a question raised by Ball ‘Where are the teachers in all this [policy]?’ provided a starting point for the critical discourse analysis into how forms of control, teacher authority, obligation and constraint within policies potentially influenced teachers’ curriculum decisions. The study found that despite no government-mandated curriculum framework at the time, teachers were held accountable for their curricular practice. Yet as professionals, early childhood teachers were denied public acknowledgement of their expertise as they were almost invisible in policy. In the four policies analysed, proprietors of early childhood settings and preschool agencies held authority over curriculum. Subsequently, teachers’ authority as professionals with curricular knowledge was diminished. 相似文献
9.
This study explores how teachers enact agency to facilitate their professional development during curricular reform at a Chinese university. An analysis of data derived from life history interviews with eight language teachers complemented with field notes reveals differential agentic choices and actions. The teachers' learning, teaching and research endeavours in relation to the new curriculum are directed by various identity commitments and enacted in highly individualised ways, as mediated by their prior experiences. By situating teachers' agency in their individual professional trajectories, this study conceptualises interaction of teacher agency and identity commitment to professional development during curricular reform. 相似文献
10.
F. C. Ellenburg 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2013,86(4):153-154
11.
Teacher perceptions of the goals of effective school reform and their own role in it 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
The role of the teacher in the modern school system is increasingly important and complex. A teacher needs a high level of professional knowledge and autonomous decision‐making when faced with professional challenges. The curricular reform in Slovenia has encompassed several areas of teachers’ professional activities. This paper establishes that declarative goals by themselves are not enough for successful introduction of reform, as the achievement of reform goals in practice is highly dependent on teacher perceptions and how actively they are involved in all phases of the reform. The empirical study examined how teachers understand the main aim of the reform, and how they evaluate their own level of competence in areas which have gained in importance as a result of the reform. The study included 468 primary and grammar school teachers. The results show that teachers have a fairly narrow view of the goals of the reform. The categories stressing a more active and responsible role of the learner (in line with modern models of instruction and learner‐centred paradigms of curriculum development) did not rank highly. The study also points at areas where teachers need additional training. The importance of quality teacher education at pre‐service and in‐service levels is stressed as a pillar of effective school reform. 相似文献
12.
《Teaching and Teacher Education》1995,11(4):389-401
Theories associated with teacher knowledge suggest that teachers transform subject content knowledge into pedagogical content knowledge in teaching to enhance the content comprehensibility. It is assumed that the connection between teacher content knowledge and curriculum is characterized by the content knowledge transformation. This study, using an interpretive research method combined with cognitive knowledge elicitation and mapping approaches, examined the subject-pedagogical content knowledge transformation process that was associated with the teachers' curricular decision-making in secondary physical education. Findings indicated that the teachers shared a common subject content knowledge base but demonstrated a personalized pedagogical content knowledge repertoire, suggesting that the teachers' pedagogical content knowledge was personally constructed even though they shared a subject content knowledge base. The classroom curriculum was closely connected to the pedagogical content knowledge base. In addition, the teachers' curricular decisions regarding content inclusion/exclusion were primarily based on their perceptions of student learning abilities. The findings may imply that enhancement of prospective teachers' pedagogical content knowledge should be emphasized in teacher preparation programs because it serves as a bridge linking the subject content knowledge with the curriculum delivered in classrooms. 相似文献
13.
Cory T. Forbes Elizabeth A. Davis 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2012,10(2):267-292
Teachers’ curricular role identities are those dimensions of their professional identities concerned with the use of curriculum materials. In a previous study,
we developed and tested a survey instrument designed to measure preservice elementary teachers’ development of curricular
role identity for science teaching through their use of science curriculum materials. In this follow-up study, a revised version
of the survey was administered to a second group of preservice elementary teachers in the same science methods course, and
data were analyzed within and across years. Results from this study suggest that preservice teachers articulated important
similarities and differences between the curricular role identities for science teaching they attributed to themselves and
to more experienced elementary teachers. Over time, they were often able to begin to appropriate the curricular role identities
for science teaching that they attributed to more experienced elementary teachers. However, findings from the second survey
administration also suggest that preservice teachers’ curricular role identities for science teaching are more stable when
characterized by their actual curriculum design practices than when characterized by comparative, probabilistic means. These
findings have important implications for science teacher education and curriculum development, as well as the operationalization
of curricular role identity in education research. 相似文献
14.
Reform efforts have emphasized the need to support teachers' learning about reform‐oriented practices. Educative curriculum materials are one potential vehicle for promoting teacher learning about these practices. Educative curriculum materials include supports that are intended to promote both student and teacher learning. However, little is known about the extent to which existing curriculum materials provide support for teachers and the ways they can be improved. In this study, eight sets of high school biology curriculum materials were reviewed to determine their potential for promoting teacher learning. Design heuristics for educative curriculum materials were adapted for use as evaluation criteria. From this analysis, several themes emerged. First, the materials tended to provide support for teachers' subject matter knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge for students' ideas (e.g., misconceptions) but rarely for their pedagogical content knowledge of scientific inquiry. Second, the materials contained several implementation guidance supports but far fewer rationales for instructional decisions, which are an important feature of educative curriculum materials. Finally, the quality of support varied widely, differing in its degree of relevance, pedagogical helpfulness, and depth. The article concludes with recommendations for the redesign of existing curriculum materials. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 977–998, 2009 相似文献
15.
Jeffrey Choppin 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2011,14(5):331-353
This study focused on the use of curriculum materials for three teachers who had enacted instructional sequences from the
materials on multiple occasions. The study investigated how the teachers drew on the materials, what they understood about
the curriculum resources, and how they connected their use of the materials to their observations of student thinking. There
were similarities across the teachers, particularly with respect to their goals and how they read and followed recommendations
in the teacher resource materials. There were differences in how their task revisions were in response to what they observed
about student thinking. The teacher who most intensively observed student thinking made connections between her interpretations
of students’ strategies and her use of the curriculum resources, allowing her to design learned adaptations. Learned adaptations
required both an understanding of the design rationale and empirically developed knowledge of how that rationale played out
in practice. The empirically developed knowledge could not be totally anticipated by the designers, in part because it developed
within a particular context by a teacher with particular characteristics. The case of the teacher who developed learned adaptations
showed how these complementary forms of knowledge helped her to use the curriculum resources in ways that enhanced students’
opportunities for sense making. Furthermore, her adaptations were intended to facilitate success not only at the task level,
but also across instructional sequences as well. This study also shows how professional vision is not limited to informing
only in-the-moment instructional decisions, but also to the use of curriculum materials. 相似文献
16.
Although most teachers adapt curriculum, we know little about teachers’ rationales for modifying materials, how these rationales align with actual modifications, nor whether any patterns exist in the modifications that teachers make. This is especially the case in history/social studies, where research on curriculum is scant and research on teacher adaptation of curriculum is virtually non-existent. This paper addresses that gap. We report the results of a large-scale survey on curriculum use with over 1900 history teachers. The online survey focused on how and why teachers use and adapt lesson materials from a free online history curriculum and prompted teachers to upload examples of curriculum materials they had modified. We found that individual differences among teachers correlated with particular types of modifications. Moreover, we found that teachers were motivated to modify materials to address their students’ needs, and that their modifications rarely affected the core structure – or theory of content – of the lessons. We argue that such alignment between teachers and curricular materials represents an example of curricular fit. We discuss what curricular design features may have contributed to the high level of curricular fit among users as well as the implications of this construct for curriculum implementation efforts across subject areas. 相似文献
17.
We investigated how 2 different curricular scaffolds (context-specific vs. generic), teacher instructional practices, and the interaction between these 2 types of support influenced students' learning of science content and their ability to write scientific arguments to explain phenomena. The context-specific scaffolds provided students with hints about the task and what content knowledge to use in or incorporate into their writing. The generic scaffolds supported students in understanding a general framework (i.e., claim, evidence, and reasoning) regardless of the content area or task. This study focused on an 8-week middle school chemistry curriculum that was enacted by 6 teachers with 578 students during the 2004–2005 school year. Analyses of identical pre- and posttests as well as videotapes of teacher enactments revealed that the curricular scaffolds and teacher instructional practices were synergistic in that the effect of the written curricular scaffolds depended on the teacher's enactment of the curriculum. The context-specific curricular scaffolds were more successful in supporting students in writing scientific arguments to explain phenomena, but only when teachers' enactments provided explicit domain-general support for the claim, evidence, and reasoning framework, suggesting the importance of both types of support in successful learning environments. 相似文献
18.
张家军 《天津师范大学学报(基础教育版)》2007,8(3):48-53
当前我国的课程改革正在轰轰烈烈地进行,课程改革能否取得成功的关键在于是否真正将课程改革方案付诸实践。综观我国当前的课程实施,不难发现存在着下述问题:如课程开发主体单一且开发能力薄弱;课程实施取向缺乏创生性;课程资源匮乏;课程实施缺乏有力的支撑体系;师资培训滞后于课程实施的需要。之所以会存在这些问题,主要是由于课程实施的复杂性、教育投入不足、教师对课程的理解存在差异以及师资培训模式僵硬死板等原因造成的。要解决这些问题,我们必须树立长远观念,加强对课程实施的研究,实行多样化的课程实施模式与策略,加强课程资源建设,建立良好的课程实施环境。 相似文献
19.
Research Findings: This qualitative study examined how Head Start teachers thought about children’s early literacy and how they enacted their thinking in a year-long curriculum reform effort. Data collected included interviews, observations, questionnaires, concept maps, and teachers’ reflections on implementation. The results indicated that as teachers implemented the new curriculum, a number of factors influenced their instructional practice. Four cross-case themes emerged: Volunteering to Change, Teachers’ Perspectives About Early Literacy, The Relationships Within Teaching Teams, and The Head Start Context. Practice or Policy: Findings are discussed as they relate to improving early literacy instruction through the use of curriculum. Implications for practitioners and teacher educators are outlined, including the importance of addressing gaps in teacher knowledge, facilitating skill development, and influencing teachers’ motivation to engage in change. Equally important to consider are factors that may influence a teacher’s readiness to change his or her practice and emphasizing the need for supportive environments as teachers work to enhance children’s early literacy development. 相似文献
20.
胡娜 《职教通讯(江苏技术师范学院学报)》2011,(1)
职业教育工学结合课程实施的主体要素是学生、教师、学校和企业。工学结合课程实施中的学生主要应关注在校学习与企业工作的过渡,工作体验与知识学习的平衡;教师主要关注鼓励教师参与课程变革,教师专业发展;学校主要是校内实训基地建设和学校文化建设。企业主要是实习基地选择和校企合作长效机制的建立。 相似文献