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1.
Subir Kumar Das Hiran K. R. Sukhes Mukherjee D. M. Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2007,22(1):99-104
Damaging effects of reactive oxygen species on living systems are well documented. They include oxidative attack on vital
cell constituents. Chronic ethanol administration is able to induce an oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In
the present study, 16–18 week-old male albino rats of Wistar strain were exposed to different concentration of ethanol for
4 weeks. This exposure showed profound effect on body weight. Ascorbic acid level; and activities of alkaline phosphatase
and aspartate transaminase in the brain are dependent on the concentration of ethanol exposure. Chronic ethanol ingestion
elicits statistically significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level and decrease in gluatathione level
in the brain. It reduces superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities in a
dose dependent manner. However, histological examination could not reveal any pathophysiological changes. Therefore, we conclude
that biochemical alterations and oxidative stress related parameters respond early in alcoholism than the histopathological
changes in brain. 相似文献
2.
Subir Kumar Das Sowmya Varadhan L. Dhanya Sukhes Mukherjee D. M. Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(4):341-344
After administration, ethanol and its metabolites go through the kidneys and are excreted into urine. The kidney seems to
be the only vital organ generally spared in chronic alcoholics. Therefore, we investigated the multiple effects of chronic
ethanol exposure on renal function tests and on oxidative stress related parameters in the kidney. Chronic ethanol (1.6 g
ethanol/ kg body weight/ day) exposure did not show any significant change in relative weight (g/ 100g body weight) of kidneys,
serum calcium level or glutathione s-transferase activity. However, urea and creatinine concentration in serum, and TBARS
level in kidney elevated significantly, while reduced glutathione content and activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione
reductase and superoxide dismutase diminished significantly after 12 weeks of ethanol exposure. Catalase activity showed increased
activity after 4 weeks of ethanol exposure and decreased activity after 12 weeks of ethanol exposure. Genesis of renal ultrastructural
abnormalities after 12 weeks of ethanol exposure may be important for the development of functional disturbances. This study
revealed that chronic ethanol exposure for longer duration is associated with deleterious effects in the kidney. 相似文献
3.
Subir Kumar Das L. Dhanya Sowmya Varadhan Sukhes Mukherjee D. M. Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(3):301-306
Alcohol consumption and health outcomes are complex and multidimensional. Ethanol (1.6g / kg body weight/ day) exposure initially
affects liver function followed by renal function of 16–18 week-old male albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 200–220 g.
Chronic ethanol ingestion increased in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level and glutathione s-transferase activity;
while decreased reduced gluatathione content and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase
in a time dependent manner in the hemolysate. Though superoxide dismutase activity increased initially might be due to adaptive
response, but decreased later. Elevation of serum nitrite level and transforming growth factor-b1 activity indicated that long-term ethanol consumption may cause hepatic fibrosis and can elicit pro-angiogenic factors. However,
no alteration in vascular endothelial growth factor-C activity indicated that ethanol consumption is not associated with lymphangiogenesis.
Therefore, we conclude that long-term ethanol-induced toxicity is linked to an oxidative stress, which may aggravate to fibrosis
and elevate pro-angiogenic factors, but not associated with lymphangiogenesis. 相似文献
4.
Alcohol induced oxidative stress is linked to the metabolism of ethanol. In this study it has been observed that administration
of ethanol in lower concentration caused gain in body and liver weight. while higher concentration of ethanol caused lesser
gain in body and liver weight. Ethanol treatment enhanced lipid peroxidation significantly, depletion in levels of hepatic
glutathione and ascorbate, accompanied by a decline in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase,
and increased in hepatic glutathione s-transferase activity. Interestingly catalase activity increases in lower concentration
of ethanol exposure, and decreased in higher concentration. Superoxide dismutase activity was also increased on ethanol exposure.
But, ethanol feeding did not show any effect on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Ethanol ingestion perturbs the
antioxidant system in a dose and time dependent manner. 相似文献
5.
M. Prabha V. Ravi N. Ramachandra Swamy 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(3):283-291
The activity of six hydrolytic enzymes-carboxyl esterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase and β-hexosaminidase, were studied in different regions of the normal human brain tissue obtained at autopsy. Protein estimation and activities of the hydrolytic enzymes with respective substrates were assayed by spectrophotometric and spectroflourometric methods. Amongst the eight regions of the brain-frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, thalamus, cerebellum and hippocampus, the pineal gland showed highest activity for all hydrolytic enzymes studied except for carboxyl esterase. Among six hydrolases studied, hexosaminidase exhibited highest activity in all regions of the human brain while alkaline phosphatase activity was the least amongst all regions studied. A majority of the enzymes studied showed higher activity in gray matter as compared to the white matter except acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase which exhibited higher activity in the white matter. The most significant finding in the present study was the high activity of all hydrolytic enzymes noted in the pineal gland as compared to all other regions of the human brain. Such a finding has not been hitherto reported earlier in human brain tissue samples. If the specific activities of these enzymes are to be considered as any functional index, then pineal gland may be more metabolically active tissue with respect to the hydrolytic function as compared to the other regions of the brain. 相似文献
6.
铝矿废料是铝矿土经高温细磨提取有用矿物之后的剩余产物。铝矿产业的飞速发展导致了大量铝矿业废料的产生,而随着公路交通运输业的飞速发展,每年又需大量路基填土及路面材料。本文分析了广西铝矿废料环境现状,对铝矿废料在公路工程中的应用进行探讨。 相似文献
7.
基于文献计量的铝矿科技发展态势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以SCIE数据库中2003-2012年间的铝矿研究论文为数据源,利用Thomson Data Analyzer(TDA)和UCINET软件对其进行数据挖掘和定量分析。结果显示:近10年来,铝矿研究论文数量呈整体增长趋势,年均增长率达5%,但各年度增长率有一定差异;其重点研究方向一是侧重于采矿与矿石处理、地质学、矿物学、地球化学等,二是侧重铝矿勘探开发中的环境保护研究;中国、澳大利亚及其主要研究机构在该领域占据领先地位;近年来,中国及其主要研究机构的铝矿研究非常活跃,特别是中国科学院,其论文量遥遥领先于俄罗斯科学院、澳大利亚西澳大学等其他机构,但研究水平、影响力以及国际合作能力仍有待提升。 相似文献
8.
9.
In previous studies, we have reported first in vivo evidence of copper deposition in the choroid plexus, cognitive impairments, astrocytes swelling (Alzheimer type II cells) and astrogliosis (increase in number of astrocytes), and degenerated neurons coupled with significant increase in the hippocampus copper and zinc content in copper-intoxicated Wistar rats. Nonetheless, hippocampus iron levels were not affected by chronic copper-intoxication. Notwithstanding information on distribution of copper, zinc and iron status in different regions of brain due to chronic copper exposure remains fragmentary. In continuation with our previous study, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneally injected copper lactate (0.15 mg Cu/100 g body weight) daily for 90 days on copper, zinc and iron levels in different regions of the brain using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Copper-intoxicated group showed significantly increased cortex, cerebellum and striatum copper content (76, 46.8 and 80.7 % increase, respectively) compared to control group. However, non-significant changes were observed for the zinc and iron content in cortex, cerebellum and striatum due to chronic copper exposure. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that chronic copper toxicity causes differential copper buildup in cortex, cerebellum and striatum region of central nervous system of male Wistar rats; signifying the critical requirement to discretely evaluate the effect of copper neurotoxicity in different brain regions, and ensuing neuropathological and cognitive dysfunctions. 相似文献
10.
The biological activity of the mineralocorticoid antagonist, spironolactone depend upon its metabolism. In this study the
effect of diuretic drug compound spironolactone on the acid and alkaline phosphatase in the testes of albino rat. The drug
spironolactone was administered orally daily for 7th, 14th and 21st days at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Among them, the side effects of drug are that the degradation of alkaline phosphatase
in the testes; while acid phosphatase increased significantly may be due to 7a-thiospironolactone is a tissue metabolite of
spironolactone and may contribute to the testicular enzymes, therapeutic actions and some other side effects. It is suggested
that the decrease and increase of alkaline and acid phosphatase in the testes of albino rat are the due to the side effects
of spironolactone drug compound. 相似文献
11.
Alcohol induced effects on kidney 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
After administration ethanol and its metabolites go through kidneys and are excreted into urine, and its content in the urine
is higher than that of the blood and the liver. Chronic ethanol administration decreases the renal tubular reabsorption and
reduces renal function. Multiple functional abnormalities of renal tubules may be associated with ethanol-induced changes
in membrane composition and lipid peroxidation. The vulnerability of the kidney to oxidative damage has been partly attributed
to its high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Renal ultra structural abnormalities due to ethanol exposure
may be important in the genesis of functional disturbances. Increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction with their
complex interrelationships are relevant aspects of atherogenesis in chronic renal failure. Antioxidants, particularly polyphenols
are expected to decrease the vulnerability of the kidney to oxidative challenges. 相似文献
12.
Munjal M. Acharya Surbhi H. Khamesra Surendra S. Katyare 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(1):56-60
The effect of picrotoxin-induced convulsions on lysosomal function in rat brain were evaluated by measuring the free as well
as total acid phosphatase, cathepsin D, acid ribonuclease (RNAse II) and acid deoxyribonuclease (DNAse II) activities. Following
picrotoxin treatment the free RNAse II activity increased whereas the total activities of practically all the other enzymes
decreased. Paradoxically, the cathepsin D activity, free as well the total was completely abolished. In case of all the enzymes
the ratio of Total activity/Free activity decreased indicating increased lysosomal membrane fragility which could lead to
process of neurodegeneration in the epileptic animals. 相似文献
13.
Shedid SM Saada HN Eltahawy NA Hammad AS 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(3):314-321
Radiation induced brain damage is associated with impairment of mitochondrial functions, variations in the level of neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial function is closely linked to the level of neurotransmitters since the precursors are supplied by the Kreb’s cycle intermediates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pantothenic acid, an essential component in the synthesis of Coenzyme A (CoA), on the activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH); the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA; the activity of transaminases, and oxidative stress, in the cerebrum of γ-irradiated rats. Pantothenic acid (26 mg/Kg) was orally administered to the rats, 2 h after irradiation and during the following 5 days. Animals were sacrificed the 7th day post-irradiation. The exposure of male albino rats to γ-rays (5 Gy) has triggered oxidative stress notified by a significant elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, associated to a significant decrease in the content of phospholipids, and the antioxidant compound glutathione (GSH). The activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH, has significantly decreased, while the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA has significantly increased. In parallel to these changes, the activity of alanine and aspartate transaminase has significantly increased, compared to their values in the control rats. Pantothenic acid treatment, has significantly attenuated oxidative stress; enhanced the activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH; minimized the increase in the level of amino acids and the activity of transaminases, compared to their values in the cerebrum of irradiated rats. In conclusion, pantothenic acid could improve the level of neurotransmitters amino acids, which depends on the enzymatic activities of Krebs cycle and linked to oxidative stress. 相似文献
14.
长期施肥对农田黑土微生物群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究不同磷肥处理农田黑土基本理化性质、磷脂脂肪酸、酸（碱）性磷酸酶、微生物量碳或氮等变化规律。结果表明,有机肥-化肥配施明显提高土壤有机质、总氮以及速效氮、磷、钾等养分含量,进而促进微生物量碳、微生物量碳/有机质比值、磷酸酶活力以及各菌群磷脂脂肪酸含量显著增加。长期氮磷钾配施土壤有机质活性严重退化、不利于土壤微生物生长,而单施磷肥或氮磷肥配施对微生物活力与结构影响较小。有机肥处理中单烯不饱和/饱和脂肪酸比值>1,远高于其他化肥处理,可用来指示有机质质量与可用性;而支链/单烯不饱和脂肪酸与单烯不饱和/饱和脂肪酸比值呈极显著负相关,表明G+菌对养分胁迫抗性强于G-菌。磷脂脂肪酸PCA表明,有机肥与化肥处理微生物群落结构显著不同。个别脂肪酸载荷值分析表明,真菌受无机肥施用影响显著;而G+菌更易受有机肥影响。 相似文献
15.
Ramesh Chandra Ritu Aneja Charu Rewal Rama Konduri Sujaka K. Dass Shefali Agarwal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2000,15(2):155-160
In this communication, we show the modulatory potential of papaverine, an opium alkaloid and a well known vasodilator agent
on the ethanol-induced hepatic oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Ethanol treatment (50% v/v) enhanced lipid peroxidation
significantly accompanied by a decline in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (G-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and
depletion in levels of hepatic glutathione (GSH). Ethanol administration increased hepatic glutathione-s-transferases (GST).
Enhanced lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol was significantly reduced when papverine was coadministered (P<0.05). In addition,
the depleted levels of glutathione and inhibited activities of G-Px and GR recovered significantly (P<0.05) levelling off
to control values on co-exposure. Papaverine (200 mg/kg bw) effectively antagonised the ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation
and impaired glutathione levels and glutathione dependent enzyme systems. Our results suggest that papaverine is an effective
chemopreventive agent in the liver and may suppress the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. 相似文献
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The level of sialic acid in the obese polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was found to be significantly reduced as compared to normal. Activity of sialic acid degrading enzyme, sialidase, was found to be increased in the obese state. Restoration in both sialic acid content and sialidase activity was also evidenced in the PMNL of treated obese patients. 相似文献
19.
The microbicidal capacity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes of normal human subjects was evaluated by estimating the release
of lysosomal enzymes from normal cells and cells rendered incapable of ingesting particles by treatment with cytochalasin
B, on exposure to a particulate stimulus-serum treated zymosan (STZ). The release of lysosomal enzymes namely beta-glucuronidase,
lysozyme, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase was found to be 16.28%, 27.84%, 20.54%, 15.40% respectively. The cells rendered
incapable of ingesting particles showed enhanced response. The percentage release of beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, acid and
alkaline phosphatase was increased to 20.58%, 37.95%, 25.87% and 33.04% respectively. This type of response in cytochalasin
B treated PMN leukocytes is due to the conversion of these cells into “secretory cells”, which release lysosomal enzymes outside
the cell, by the process of reverse endocytosis. 相似文献
20.
2018年初,美国发布了对8种进口铝产品征收10%的从价税的公告,给世界各国特别是中国的铝工业带来诸多潜在影响。本文以该公告中涉及的铝产品为研究对象,分析了美国铝产品的贸易格局,考察了美国征收铝关税的潜在影响,并提出中国的若干应对策略。研究显示：① 造成美国铝贸易逆差的关键产品是能耗和环境负荷高但附加值低的未锻轧铝（铝锭）,而在其他7种附加值较高的铝产品中,美国的合计贸易额处于顺差状态,这是由美国自身的产业结构造成的。将造成美国铝产品贸易逆差的责任推给中国及其他国家的做法是荒谬和不负责任的;② 美国征收铝产品关税的真正目的可能是通过缩减进口量来加强国内高附加值铝产品的生产经营能力。存在贸易逆差的铝箔、铝丝和其他铝产品,以及贸易量较大的铝板带对美出口难度将会越来越大;③ 短期看,中国生产铝箔、铝丝、其他铝产品和铝板带的企业将面临较大困难;长期看,铝关税可能仅仅是美国贸易保护政策的开始,中国政府和企业必须做好打持久战的准备。近期,中国应采取有针对性的贸易报复措施,联合其他国家和在此次关税变化中可能受到较大负面影响的美国国内相关产业共同对特朗普政府施压。长期,中国要继续加强产品研发和自主创新能力,加快弥补产业链和技术短板,提高应对国际形势影响中国经济发展的能力。 相似文献