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1.
环境规制政策对中国重污染工业行业技术创新的影响机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
环境规制政策是中国重污染行业经济转型升级,解决环境污染问题,提升环境绩效的有效手段,但是环境规制政策如何影响中国重污染行业的技术创新水平,以及环境规制政策对工业行业技术创新的影响是否存在行业动态差异,都尚待深入研究。因此,文章基于2004—2015年中国38个工业行业面板数据,遵循2008年中国生态环境部颁布的《上市公司环保核查行业分类管理名录》将工业行业分为处理组和控制组,使用连续性DID方法和S-GMM方法,估计环境规制政策对中国重污染行业的技术创新影响机理和动态影响。研究显示：首先,环境规制政策的实施并不能显著的促进重污染行业技术创新水平的提升,可是研发投入的增加和资本驱动型的经济发展模式可以明显促进了重污染行业绿色技术创新的改善。第二,尽管外商直接投资存在市场准入和投资比例等限制,可是外商直接投资已经在一定程度推动中国工业行业绿色技术创新的提升。第三,环境规制政策的实施对工业行业绿色技术创新的影响存在明显的滞后效应,但是,传统化石能源的消费结构占比对工业行业技术创新有明显的阻碍作用。本文的研究结果表明,有关部门应该稳步有序推进重污染行业能源消费结构改革,提升我国传统重污染行业能源消费的效率,加快工业行业的产业结构升级,推动技术创新水平的提升。 相似文献
2.
现有的创新效率研究,多是站在“技术给定”的逻辑基点上完成,忽略各产业技术发展特征,导致医药制造业相关研究没有“药味”。首先,借鉴技术体制理论,将医药制造业的“创造性积累”创新模式,从一般的“创造性破坏”模式中区分出来。然后,将技术积累水平,纳入创新效率评价模型中,对中国2009—2016年区域医药制造业创新效率进行再评价。结果表明：（1）含技术积累因素模型的评价结果,显著优于传统模型,测度结果更贴近产业实际;（2）规模效率低是制约产业创新效率提升的主要因素,而产业集聚度和技术引进投入对创新效率的提升有促进作用;（3）从创新效率角度看,我国区域医药制造业呈金字塔型分布,且缺乏效率次优组,存在大量基础层的重复建设。最后,提出继续淘汰医药制造业的落后产能,促进优质企业技术有效积累,弥补全国制药业产业结构短板等政策建议。 相似文献
3.
本文将绿色金融纳入技术进步偏向理论框架,考察绿色金融影响环境技术进步偏向及产业结构清洁化的内在机理,并通过参数校准与数值模拟进行定量分析。研究结果表明：环境技术进步偏向具有明显的路径依赖特征,绿色金融通过融资规模与融资成本手段影响两类研发厂商的相对利润、研发行为选择及环境技术进步偏向,进而通过直接生产率效应、间接价格效应与市场规模效应影响产业结构清洁化。只有当清洁研发部门融资规模占比或享受利率补贴超过一定临界值时,绿色金融才能成功诱导清洁型技术进步的发生,促进产业结构清洁化;而当清洁研发部门融资规模占比或享受利率补贴低于一定临界值时,绿色金融对清洁型产业产值的提升效应则被污染型技术进步效应所抵消,从而不利于产业结构清洁化。 相似文献
4.
基于1996年至2016年的我国省际面板数据,本文聚焦产业要素集聚视角研究高技术产业创新能力的来源,利用莫兰指数(Moran′s I)进行空间相关检验,通过LM等系列检验确定本研究采用空间杜宾模型。结论指出：（1）总体来看我国高技术产业创新能力具有显著的空间集聚特点,创新能力存在区域间的空间正相关;（2）劳动、技术、人才、规模等要素集聚及税收优惠政策都对地区内高技术产业各阶段创新能力发展具有积极作用,资本集聚对产业创新转化存在逆向作用;（3）FDI和政策支持都对我国高技术产业总体创新能力存在约束,原因是FDI与政府资金目的导向差异性所致。 相似文献
5.
战略新兴产业的发展是当前国内经济转型的核心内容,也是推动科技与经济社会互动的关键力量。战略新兴产业的发展涉及到多领域技术的协同创新和多种产业的联动配合,有效推动战略新兴产业的发展需要在特定区域内构建一个能支持持续创新活动的创新生态系统。安徽省合肥市新能源汽车产业的案例研究表明,战略新兴产业的发展路径主要在于:一是以产业内的核心企业为主,构建创新技术链和产业链进行创新要素的有效整合;二是通过企业边界开放,创造开放式创新机制以实现多主体协同创新。二者的最终目的在于构建支持产业可持续发展的创新生态系统。 相似文献
6.
有关技术创新激励政策效应的研究对产业特征的关注还不充分,影响了对激励政策产业层面效应的深入理解。本文认为更为系统地重审技术创新激励政策的效应,有必要将产业市场竞争度与产业技术吸收能力同步纳入研究模型,因为它们分别影响产业创新主体的技术创新动机和技术创新能力。当产业市场竞争度与产业技术吸收能力都处于高水平时,技术创新激励政策对产业技术创新的正向效应最为明显。实证数据来自和五类使能技术的应用密切相关的16个制造业的2013—2017年的数据,包括R&D资本存量、全时人员当量、发明专利申请数、新产品开发项目数、新产品销售收入数据,和以DEA视窗方法计算得到的产业技术创新绩效数据,分析结果表明：产业技术吸收能力放大了税收优惠政策对技术创新绩效的正向作用;但是R&D补贴政策对于技术吸收能力低的产业有更高的正向效应;当技术市场竞争度高时,技术吸收力对税收优惠与R&D补贴的正向促进作用最高。本研究深化了对技术创新激励政策的作用机理的理解,并提示政策制定者需要充分重视产业的市场竞争度。 相似文献
7.
研究运用历史-地理唯物主义时空修复理论、演化经济地理理论,从时间修复、空间修复两个视角由宏、中、微观三个维度对中心城市科技创新与城市群产业高级化及多样化的关系展开理论构建及分析。在此基础上,研究通过双向固定效应非线性模型考察中心城市科技创新与城市群产业高级化及多样化的U型关系,进一步创新性的使用历史维度工具变量（中国历史官员量化数据、中国古代城市城墙数据）对中心城市科技创新展开内生性检验识别,再运用门槛效应、调节效应模型对中心城市科技创新的结构变化点作用机制进行探寻。研究发现：第一,中心城市科技创新对城市群产业高级化与多样化发展呈现U型作用,说明中心城市科技创新对城市群的产业升级高级化与产业多样化发展起到先抑制再推动的作用关系,当中心城市科技创新发展专利申请数量超过11 442项,会对城市群产业高级化及多样化发展起到促进作用。第二,中心城市科技创新对城市群产业高级化及多样化的影响受到科学支出水平的约束限制,科学支出水平的提升能够进一步扩大中心城市科技创新对城市群产业高级化与多样化的边际作用效果。 相似文献
8.
Industrial research and development (R&D) is a set of activities within the broader set of decisions and activities: the process of technological innovation (TI). It is technology transfer (commercialization of the innovation) that leads to technology diffusion that permits production and employment expansion and hence economic growth — an important goal of industrial policy. Firms' managements and government policy- makers should recognize the close relationships among the phases of TI and direct their policy, planning, budgeting and control decisions to the complete process. Many policies currently focus their attention to only one or a few points (such as R&D).In this study we conducted a detailed cost analysis of a limited number of innovation projects and studied the distributions of TI cost over the process phases. We find that almost half of TI costs are devoted to R&D, which implies that government support of this phase is important. Different cost patterns emerge when we classify innovations by industrial sectors, firms' sizes and project complexity. Complex innovations require larger and more variable (risky) R&D budgets. Smaller firms need more assistance in technology transfer. These are only a few important policy implications. This study emphasizes the importance of post-R&D phases and concludes that differential industrial policy may be required for technological innovations. 相似文献
9.
根据价值增值和全球价值链嵌入位置两个维度定位中国制造业参与全球价值链的分工地位，从产业发展阶段和技术进步的生命周期特征视角出发，利用2000-2014年中国17个典型制造业行业世界投入产出表数据，分析技术创新模式对全球价值链分工地位影响的作用机理，并验证有效需求规模的调节作用。实证发现，技术创新模式与全球价值链分工地位之间存在非线性关系；有效需求规模在技术创新模式与全球价值链分工地位关系中的调节作用显著；不同技术水平行业的适用性技术创新模式存在显著差异。培育全球价值链分工地位新优势，需构建自主创新的内生发展机制，实现产业技术创新动能转换；建立产业内供需关联，改善产业全球价值链分工地位；针对不同技术水平行业，制定差异化的技术创新策略。 相似文献
10.
Existing economic theories show that continuing innovation, diffusion, and technical and managerial improvement are necessary for economic growth and international competitiveness in the industrially advanced countries. But knowledge of why, where and how governments should intervene in the processes of industrial innovations stems more from trial and error than from systematic empirical information of the nature and extent of the hindrances to economically and socially desirable innovations, and of the effectiveness of alternative government policies to remove them. Nonetheless, past empirical studies do offer some clues.Differences amongst industrial sectors. The sources of new technology vary widely amongst inustrial sectors: in the costs of innovation, in the relative importance of outside suppliers of equipment and materials, of large and small firms, and of full-time R & D departments as compared to part-time innovative activities (sect. 7, 8). Similarly, the conditions for successful innovation vary amongst sectors (sect.6). Thus, government policies designed to influence innovation are likely to act with different intensities in different industries.The management of innovation. Nonetheless, there are some features common to innovation in different industries. Considerable costs beyond R & D are often necessary before the innovations reach commercial use (sect.4). And the following managerial characteristics are in general associated with successful innovation: a deliberate policy of seeking innovations; close and careful attention to customer requirements; good personal communications both within the firm and with outside sources of relevant knowledge; a style of management that is ‘organic’ and ‘participatory’ rather than ‘hierarchical’ and ‘authoritarian’; strong project leadership; and a strong engineering capability (sect. 6).R & D managers are still unable to predict the outcome of R & D projects to a useful degree of accuracy and, in the literature on methods of project selection, very little attention is paid to market uncertainties. Furthermore, a greater use of conventional investment appraisal criteria in deciding on R & D projects may re-inforce the already observed tendency in industry towards short-term, low-risk projects, to the neglect of longer-term, high-risk projects (sect. 5).Governments should therefore examine whether the benefits of policies towards education and management advisory services for innovation might outweigh their costs. They may also have a significant role to play in financing longer-term research that is basic to the development of industrial technology (subsect. 12.5).The nature of market and production demands. The direction of industrial innovation is often very sensitive to market and production demands (sect. 3). This fact, together with the high degree of market uncertainty facing innovating firms (sect. 5), suggest that governments can potentially influence both the pace and the direction of industrial innovation through their influence on the scale of industrial, consumer and public service demands. However, this potential influence will become real only if users of innovations are able to specify the innovations that they need, or to evaluate those that they get. This is generally the case for industrial demand, but not in consumer and public service markets, where fashion, insensitivity to users' needs and lack of technical competence often prevail. Government-funded technological institutes and laboratories are ideally placed to provide such technical competence (sub-sect. 12.3).Economic incentives and rewards for innovation. A whole range of economic factors are said to influence the resources, the incentives and the rewards for innovation: for example, the degree of monopoly or the degree of competition, the patent system, the level of profits, the level of taxation, and the level of demand. The empirical evidence on the effects of most of these factors on industrial innovation is either inconclusive or non-existent. However, in the USA a close relationship has been observed between growth of industry sales and growth of industry-financed R & D activities (sect. 10). The rate of growth of demand is also one of the key factors influencing the rate of diffusion of innovations amongst their potential population of users (sects. 11, 12.2).The government-financed scientific and technological infrastructure. Scientific and technological knowledge from outside of innovating firms is often crucial to the completion of successful innovations, and three UK studies show that a significant proportion of this outside knowledge comes from government-financed technological institutes and laboratories, and from the universities (sect. 3). If the same is true in other countries, it should be an essential feature of any government policy towards industrial innovation to know how effectively government-funded laboratories and universities provide supportive knowledge to industry, and how government laboratories should be organised and financed (subsect. 12.4).Direct government-financing of innovative activities in industry. Governments specifically finance R & D activities in industrial firms, although these expenditures are less than those for general industrial development (sect. 13). These R & D activities in industry are relatively more important in France and UK, than in F.R. Germany and the Netherlands.In the four countries, more than 70% of all civilian government R & D activities related to industry are spent on aircraft, space, nuclear energy and electronics (subsect. 14.4). In all these high technologies, governments attempted in the 1960's to implement ‘policies for innovation’, involving government procurement, industrial mergers and attempts at European co-operation, in addition to the financing of R & D (subsect. 14.5). Government expenditures on civilian R & D related to other industrial sectors are very much smaller in all four countries (subsect 14.4).Where should governments intervene? A, number of attempts have been made to develop a formal framework of criteria to assist governments in deciding where they should intervene in industrial innovation. They all run into the following difficulties: dealing with multiple policy objectives; assessing national costs and benefits; comparing with alternative policies, choosing appropriate policy instruments (sect. 17).How should governments intervene? Very little information is available on the effectiveness of various policy instruments that have been used by governments in order to promote innovation in industry. Although it is often possible to measure the inputs into such policies, the measurement of their outputs (or results) is more difficult. Nonetheless, detailed studies would enable some such measurements to be made, and internationally comparable studies would increase the range of experiences and the number of cases that could be examined (sect. 18).Why should governments intervene? A full appreciation of the nature and scale of hindrances to industrial innovation, on which governments should act to remove, requires direct information on what innovations are (or are not) being introduced by industry, and why they are (or are not) being inyroduced. This information can best be obtained from analyses of the behaviour of industrial firms. They would differ from most existing innovation studies that concentrate on asking how firms must behave in order to make successful innovation, by asking what innovations are attempted, and why firms are stimulated to attempt them (sect. 19). 相似文献
11.
作为以创新为主导的知识技术密集型产业,战略性新兴产业究其本质是创新驱动型产业。在创新过程中,专利作为一种标准化、客观化的文献,在一定程度上代表了区域科研成果转化的潜力,是衡量领域技术创新的合理指标。因此本文基于专利数据统计和分析的视角,以武汉地区为研究对象,对七大战略性新兴产业之一的信息技术产业的专利申请态势、专利申请人、以及专利法律状态的相关指标进行了量化分析,来展示专利视角的武汉市信息技术产业的创新现状。最后对量化数据所体现的创新现状进行总结分析。结论表明,武汉市信息技术产业有着较强的创新能力和水平。但其产业创新主体规模小、创新成果较为集中,且合作创新程度偏低,这些问题不利于创新资源和创新活动的交流传递,从而会限制区域产业的创新发展,需在今后的产业创新发展中重点改善。 相似文献
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新一代信息技术产业的技术升级测度研究 《科学学研究》2021,39(8):1407-1417
数字化创新催生了大量新兴产业,也促进产业技术快速变革,因此在产业技术快速演变过程中识别技术升级的过程特点及驱动要素尤为重要。产业技术升级的测度需要识别该过程中的多维度要素及其互动关系,特别是对于技术不断变革和产品快速迭代的新一代信息技术产业来说,技术升级过程是复杂的系统行为。为探究产业技术升级尤其是新一代信息技术产业的技术升级过程,本文以平板显示产业为例,构建新一代信息技术产业技术升级的复合系统模型,基于2007年至2017年数据提出多维度子系统有序度测度指标并实证分析复合系统协同度。通过对子系统有序度和协同度的变化趋势研究发现,新一代信息技术产业技术升级过程具有明显的阶段性、复杂性和动态性特征,产业技术升级伴随着技术结构的优化和去中心化的创新合作,多个技术领域的紧密创新合作催生了多领域主导技术的多元化发展。此外,产业技术升级同时也是生产要素驱动的产业规模增长向创新驱动的产业创新合作、技术结构优化和产业规模协同增加且子系统交互作用的过程,为了快速和有效嵌入全球竞争过程,需要从复杂系统角度制定更加科学有效的创新政策,从产业技术升级全过程出发,考虑新兴产业发展的多主体、多元化、开放性和不确定性并存的特征。研究结果为系统分析中国场景下,新一代信息技术产业等追赶型产业的技术升级特点提供理论和实证依据。 相似文献
13.
文章分析了西藏城镇特色产业发展的现状与主要问题,认为延伸产业链、提高科技发展水平是实现西藏城镇特色产业持续快速发展的当务之急。在此基础上,遴选出净土健康产业、藏医药产业、天然饮用水产业、旅游业、民族手工业、综合新能源产业、文化产业,建议作为西藏城镇地区的特色产业予以重点发展。同时,从提升产品科技含量和附加值、增强西藏城镇特色产业综合竞争力的目标出发,分别提出了各类特色产业发展的战略重点;并从政策完善、人才培养、资金扶持、项目安排与平台建设方面着手,制定了相应的科技支撑与保障措施。 相似文献
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科技创新中心对转变经济发展方式,增强产业竞争力具有重要的作用。科技创新中心的形成和发展离不开创新人才的集聚、一流大学和研究机构的支撑,以及创新组织和企业的合作与相互促进。中国在面向未来发展征程中,建设不同层级的科技创新中心网络体系,形成能够对接全球创新网络体系的国际科技创新中心,引领全国科技研发和技术转移的国家级科技创新中心,推动区域科技发展和高新技术产业化的区域科技创新中心,以及促进地方特色技术创新和产业发展的地方科技创新中心。围绕科技创新中心的建设需要营造开放、包容的创新环境,吸引高素质人才,建设国际一流大学和研究机构,发挥政府的主体作用,统筹规划和建设各种科技研发、创新和产业化平台,以企业为创新活动主体,培育一批具有全球影响力的科技创新型领军企业。 相似文献
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Mei-Chih Hu 《Research Policy》2012,41(3):541-555
The study described herein uses US Patent and Trademark Office data to assess variations in technological innovation capabilities, and their influence on market performance, among leading TFT-LCD producers in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. The empirical results suggest that TFT-LCD producers in Korea and Taiwan built innovation capabilities by creating complementary knowledge for Japanese firms, whose technologies lead the way in the industry. The results also show that latecomers sought to expand production by selecting certain technological fields, but that they exploited these fields in different ways. Specifically, Korean conglomerates increased their scale of technology in order to improve their technological positions, while Taiwanese producers pursued innovations that strengthened their technological efficiency. While Japanese firms led the way in terms of both technology and market share during the 1990s, they then evolved to become merely technological leaders from 2000 onwards. However, Japanese firms have since renewed their business strategies to counter the aggressive market expansion of their competitors by strengthening the protection of their intellectual property rights through inter-keiretsu collaborations in technological niches, and by securing leadership in the market in high value-added key components in order to retain more of the profits from their own innovations. Four policy imperatives for both technology leading and latecomer countries regarding the development of sustainable industries associated with the industrial cycle and market dynamics are discussed. 相似文献
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运用空间计量方法和经济计量方法实证研究了技术创新的空间溢出对我国区域工业经济增长的影响以及研发经费投入、研发人力投入和政府区域优惠政策的空间溢出在区域技术创新中的作用。研究结果发现:当前技术创新的空间溢出对我国区域工业经济增长具有明显的推动效应;研发经费、研发人员和政府区域优惠政策都对区域技术创新起到了积极的作用,但研发经费和研发人员投入的空间溢出却对区域技术创新产生微弱的负面影响。 相似文献
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本文利用2007-2014年沪深两市上市公司面板数据分析战略性新兴产业政策对生物医药上市公司创新绩效的影响。以创新数量（专利申请总数）和创新质量（发明专利申请数）度量创新绩效,实证结果表明战略性新兴产业政策显著抑制了企业创新绩效。本文进一步检验战略性新兴产业政策对创新绩效影响的实施路径,发现信贷机制对企业创新绩效影响呈现正显著,而补贴和税收机制影响则并不明显。本文不仅为产业政策推行的抑制效应研究提供了证据,还丰富和拓展了战略性新兴产业政策与企业创新的相关研究,并且对战略性新兴产业政策的制定、实施、评价以及优化具有重要理论意义与政策启示。 相似文献
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粤港澳大湾区的科学研究发展存在着不平衡不充分的问题，科学研究对于技术创新的贡献不足，难以满足粤港澳大湾区庞大的产业创新需求。提升科学研究能力，促进科学研究基础与产业创新需求对接是粤港澳大湾区建设全球科技创新中心的必然要求，对大湾区科技、产业和经济长远发展具有重要意义。文章通过构建粤港澳大湾区10个产业的科学研究-产业创新协调数据集和关联度指数、相对发展度指数等，厘清了1997年以来粤港澳大湾区科学研究与产业创新间的协调发展关系，分析了粤港澳大湾区科学研究与产业创新间的演变和交互规律，并提出了相应对策建议。研究发现，粤港澳大湾区的科学研究与产业创新的协调水平呈现整体上升趋势，但各产业的协调水平呈现出差异性。文章关注的10个产业中，通信技术、集成电路已达到优质协调水平，海洋工程装备仍处于初级协调阶段，其他产业均处于良好协调水平。科学研究的规模优势与竞争优势对于协调水平提升具有动态性，这启示要注重结合创新的规模效应和竞争优势，高度关注原创性和引领性，着力形成区域科学研究的特色优势。 相似文献
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本文对安徽省中小企业的地区和行业技术创新效率进行了实证研究。结果表明:安徽省中小企业的地区和行业技术创新效率均值均超过大型企业,发展潜力巨大;中小企业在安徽省17个地市中的技术创新效率位于生产前沿面的地区是合肥市、芜湖市、淮北市和六安市,在18个行业中技术创新效率位于生产前沿面的行业是皮革毛皮羽毛制品业、化学原料及化学制品业和交通运输设备制造业;技术创新效率对经济效益的提升作用尚未凸显,安徽省中小企业科技成果转化水平有待进一步提高;针对技术创新效率影响因素的灰色关联分析显示,促进产学研的交流与合作、巩固和提高企业的自主创新能力以及降低和消除政府与中小企业间的信息不对称等措施对改善安徽省中小企业技术创新效率尤为重要。 相似文献
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本文首次提出技术嵌入式创新的概念并将其量化,首先探究技术嵌入式创新驱动产业结构协调化的驱动机理,继而选择2003—2015年我国分行业的工业企业数据,基于驱动机制下的内外驱动因素,构建水平式知识溢出空间权重矩阵,深入分析水平式知识溢出下技术嵌入式创新驱动产业结构协调化的空间效应。研究结果显示：人力资源、技术创新战略和经费资源等内部驱动因素和政府支持、技术进步和市场竞争等外部驱动因素是实现技术嵌入式创新驱动产业结构协调化共生演化系统的推动力和拉动力,两者的相互作用维持系统的动态平衡;全局角度以及局部角度的水平式知识溢出下技术嵌入式创新驱动产业结构协调化的空间效应均显著为正;产业结构协调化存在行业技术嵌入式创新水平的时空异质性,不同行业间的分布差异显著。 相似文献