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1.
超嗜热菌Aquifex aeolicus 亮氨酰-tRNA 合成酶(αβ-LeuRS) 是已知的唯一的双肽链LeuRS。通过αβ-LeuRS和大肠杆菌LeuRS相应肽段的重组和重组酶性质的研究发现，αβ-LeuRS的α亚基C末端36个氨基酸对于αβ-LeuRS的氨基酰化活力至关重要。αβ-LeuRS的两个亚基人为融合得到的单亚基酶SLeuRS-αβ，具有完全的野生型双亚基酶活力，其热稳定性显著增强。同时，通过亚基重组揭示了LeuRS 对于不同种属的tRNALeu的识别元件位于α亚基内，而其中的CP1 结构域不仅是LeuRS 行使编校功能的结构基础，对于LeuRS识别不同种属来源的tRNALeu 也是十分重要的。通过不同来源的LeuRS一级结构比较，克隆了单独的CP1结构域组成的肽(CP1),发现唯有A. aeolicus αβ-LeuRS 的CP1对错误的氨基酰化产物具有体外编校功能。它与其它3种来源于细菌LeuRS的CP1都能够编校误氨基酰化的古老形式的亮氨酸小螺旋 (minihelixLeu)。通过同源序列比较发现，在αβ-LeuRS的CP1内存在一个由20个氨基酸组成的特异的结构模体，它对CP1发挥体外编校功能必不可少，引入原本不具有体外编校功能的E. coli的CP1 后则可使其获得编校功能，但是该模体不影响全酶的编校功能。αβ-LeuRS中与tRNA结合有关的亚基－β亚基也可以赋予E. coli CP1编校功能。这些研究结果充分表明，来源于古老的超嗜热菌A. aeolicus 的αβ-LeuRS 保留了进化的遗迹－具有编校活力的CP1和与其编校功能密切相关的由20个氨基酸组成的特异的结构模体，它们在进化过程中随着其它结构域招募进合成酶中而逐渐失去了对全酶编校功能的作用。这一发现有力地支持了aaRS通过纳入新的结构域以加速进化过程的理论，并且也从不同角度为aaRS/tRNA共进化理论提供了可靠的依据。 相似文献
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第一部分:为得到大量的大肠杆菌tRNALeu1 和tRNALeu2 ,研究tRNA与亮氨酰 tRNA合成酶(LeuRS)的相互作用,用基因克隆的方法高表达并纯化了它们;测定了接受活力和被LeuRS催化的动力学常数;改进了RNA体外转录必需的T7RNA聚合酶的纯化方法,优化了转录条件,转录序列比文献值高 1 0倍.用体外转录方法得到了各种在接受茎突变的tRNALeu变种,研究了一个在CP1结构域插入 40个氨基酸残基的变种LeuRS A对tRNALeu2种等受体的识别,证明了tRNA Leu1 和tRNA Leu2 接受茎上的第一对硷基对是否摆动是LeuRS A识别的关键. 第二部分:在大肠杆菌中高表达头孢菌素酰化酶基因 1 0倍以上.研究了它的α 亚基的N 端变化(LAEP →MGIP )对酶学动力学常数的影响.构建了带有不同抗菌素抗性和启动子的高表达质粒,研究了它们表达的特点,分析了这些质粒的不同用途.用含有编码该酶两个亚基的基因的相容质粒共转化的方法.研究了它们在体内的重组和前体的加工.研究结果表明,该酶可能属于一类新的N 端亲和水解的酰化酶 相似文献
3.
第一部分为得到大量的大肠杆菌tRNALeu1和tRNALeu2,研究tRNA与亮氨酰-tRNA合成酶(LeuRS)的相互作用,用基因克隆的方法高表达并纯化了它们;测定了接受活力和被LeuRS催化的动力学常数;改进了RNA体外转录必需的T7RNA聚合酶的纯化方法,优化了转录条件,转录序列比文献值高10倍.用体外转录方法得到了各种在接受茎突变的tRNALeu变种,研究了一个在CP1结构域插入40个氨基酸残基的变种LeuRS-A对tRNALeu2种等受体的识别,证明了tRNA
Leu1和tRNALeu2接受茎上的第一对硷基对是否摆动是LeuRS-A识别的关键.第二部分在大肠杆菌中高表达头孢菌素酰化酶基因10倍以上.研究了它的α-亚基的N-端变化(LAEP…→MGIP…)对酶学动力学常数的影响.构建了带有不同抗菌素抗性和启动子的高表达质粒,研究了它们表达的特点,分析了这些质粒的不同用途.用含有编码该酶两个亚基的基因的相容质粒共转化的方法.研究了它们在体内的重组和前体的加工.研究结果表明,该酶可能属于一类新的N-端亲和水解的酰化酶. 相似文献
4.
为研究家蚕质型多角体病毒(BmCPV1)的遗传与变异、探讨S8片段的功能,通过RT-PCR克隆BmCPV1苏州株(BmCPV1-SZ)S8的cDNA,并对其核苷酸序列(GenBank登录号:GQ150539)和编码的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析.结果显示:S8由1328 bp构成,具有一个编码390个氨基酸残基的开放阅读框;在BmCPV1-SZ S8的编码氨基酸序列与BmCPV1-I和BmCPV1-H的一致性达93%,但与其他非CPV1型的相似程度较低;在推导的蛋白的氨基酸序列中间区域;具有E-丰富和P-丰富的区,域,其局部区域的氨基酸序列与某些蛋白的功能(细胞周期控制、蛋白降解和RNA降解)区域的序列具有一定的相似性;结构域家族分析显示,BmCPV1-SZ S8编码蛋白属GcrA家族,具有与DNA结合的HTH结构域.Blocks分析显示,S8编码蛋白同时具有DNA聚合酶家族、RNA聚合酶2的结构功能域;高级结构分类显示,S8编码蛋白具有与TIM桶酶、肽酶、核苷三磷酸水解酶相似的同源结构.推测该蛋白具有转录调控因子和多功能酶的功能.基于S8编码的氨基酸序列的进化分析显示,相同类型的CPV聚为一类,同一宿主不同类型的CPV相距较远,推测CPV主要根据其类型聚类,而宿主昆虫对聚类的影响相对较小. 相似文献
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设X1,…,X q是Carnot群G=(Rn,o)(q相似文献
6.
应用复合微生物制剂对玉米秸秆进行生物发酵试验研究结果表明,在接种量相同,发酵时间不同时所测得的CP含量和活菌数,0～96h范围内,CP含量可提高21.47%,活菌数可提高到12.95×108个.mL-1,经F检验差异极显著(P<0.01),发酵时间达到或超过120h时,CP含量和活菌数下降。发酵后的玉米秸秆具有酒香和果香味、松散、质地柔软湿润,经饲喂试验,奶牛喜食,适口性好,与对照组相比,采食速度明显增快,剩余草量明显减少。 相似文献
7.
绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)最初是从维多利亚多管水母(Aequoria victoria)中发现的发光蛋白[1].天然GFP的生色团由65-67位SerTyr-Gly的氨基酸残基组成,并经环化和脱氢形成一个咪唑环[2].其最大激发峰为395 nm,在475 nm处有一副激发峰,最大发射峰位于510 nm.gfp作为一种新型的报告基因具有许多优越性:首先它分子量较小,只编码238个氨基酸的多肽,对细胞没有毒性,不干扰标记蛋白的功能和定位.其分子结构及光谱特性稳定,能在多种条件下研究.在多数情况下,GFP的异源表达并不影响细胞的正常活动,另外,GFP是目前唯一能在异源细胞内表达并自发产生荧光的蛋白,由于不需要辅助因子的参与,故可直接用于活体测定.可以说,GFP是当前研究活体细胞中基因表达和蛋白质分布的最好手段之一,具有广阔的应用前景.自从1994年Chalfie等首次在大肠杆菌和线虫中表达gfp[3]以来,迄今为止,GFP已在多种生物,如细菌、蓝细菌、粘菌、酵母、植物和哺乳动物中表达和应用.GFP的这一种属不依赖的特性使其成为广泛运用的荧光标记分子,尤其适用于监测基因表达和活体内蛋白质定位等研究. 相似文献
8.
以乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,经亚硝化、甲基化、溴代、环合等四步反应合成了2-(2-氨基噻唑-4)-Z-2-甲氧亚胺乙酸乙酯,其顺式异构体的总收率为38.2%,经实验证明,此路线是一种快捷、方便而有效的合成方法. 相似文献
9.
基于SNMP的管理信息库(MIB)的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前基于SNMP协议的网络管理在TCP/IP中得到了广泛的应用,MIB是网络管理子系统各功能间的公共接口,是实现整个网络管理的关键。本文介绍了SNMP网络管理中MIB的结构,定义MIB的ASN.1句法以及MIB中常用到的管理对象。 相似文献
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11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
15.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
16.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
17.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
19.
Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
20.
WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献