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1.
本文是北部湾东北部、雷州半岛、涠洲岛及海南岛北部十几口钻井中涠洲组
孢粉工作的总结。在涠洲组中共见113种孢粉类型，其中大部分为欧亚及北美
第三纪、尤其是渐新世孢粉区系成分，同时也出现加里曼丹岛渐新世-早中新世
区系的一些重要分子。这表明沉积时期本地区与加里曼丹岛有陆地相通或在地
理位置上较今日为近，植物能相互迁移。 印度第三纪孢粉区系与涠洲组区系相
似性拉少，仅出现少数相似类型(水蕨孢子、松科花粉)，说明虽然自印度次大陆
与欧亚大陆相遇后，这两地区的植物有了相互迁移的可能，但是直到渐新世，这
种迁移的规模还是很有限的，迁移到印度的植物所产生孢粉类型在印度发展的
高峰可能较欧亚大陆为晚。
从孢粉所反映的生态条件看，陆生及淡水植物多，而海产植物(如红树林)及
藻类很少。这说明当时北部湾可能为陆地，与雷州半岛等地连成一个内陆凹陷。
大量温带及山地针叶植物花粉及少量热带低地植物花粉的出现表明本地区附近
曾有大面积山地。 从孢粉组合上看，涠洲组形成的时代为渐新世。 相似文献
2.
中国晚白垩世——古新世孢粉区系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
孙湘君 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1979,17(3):8-23
As late cretaceous and Paleocene was an important stage in the evolution of
angiosperms, so studies on flora of this periiod are of great significance. In recent
years many palynological data of late Cretaceous and Paleocene have been recorded
from different parts of China, especially the Southeastern China. An attempt is made
here to allow deductions regarding the problem of existence of some palynological
provinces during this period in China. Three provinces may be divided as follows.
I. The wet subtropical and warm-temperate palynofioristical province of north-
eastern China. During late Cretaceous, this palynoflora was marked by occurrence
of Aquilapollenites, Mancieorpus, Fibrapollis and Wodehouseia. Aquilapollenites amplus,
A. crassus, A. megaprojeetus, A. asper, A. affenatus A. alatus, Mancieorpus andaensis,
FiburapaUis mirifieus and Wodehouseia oeulata ...... are noted.
Besides these eharacteriestic elements, there are many species of Proteaeiites and
some species of Beaupreaidites, Loranthacites, Quereoidites, Salixipollenites, Gothanipol-
lis, Plicapollis, Utmoideipites, Cranwellia, Alnipollenites and Trieolporopollenites. Gym-
nosperms pollen comprise Abietineaepollenites, Pinuspollenites, Cedripites, Taxodiaceae-
pollenites and Araueariacites. Sehizaeoisporites are very rich in species and numbers.
Polypodiaceoisporites, Osmundacidites and Cyathidites are rarely Maud.
Paleocene palynoflora is characterized by scantiness or absence of Aquilapollenites
and Wodehouseia. Paraalnipollenites eonfusus, P. orthoeostatus, BetulaepoUenites pli
eoides and some species of Myricipites, Comptonia and Momipites are predominant.
These pollen may be related to Betulaceae, Juglandaceae and Myricaseae. Taxodiaceae-
pollenites, Cedripites and Podoearpidites are commen,
It reflects that during late Cretaceous the flora was wet and subtropical, but in
Paleocene, it turned to be wet and warm-temperate. According to the abundanee of
Aquilapollenites and Wodehouseia, this palynoflora may belong to the Eastern Asian-
Western North American Paly-nofioristical Province.
II. Arid subtropical palynofioristieal province of South China.
During late-Cretaceous this palynofiora comprises Morinopollenites Wang & Zhao
(M. normalis, M. minor, M. polyprojeetus, M. rhombiformis) and Janhangpollis Wang
& Zhao (J. radiatus, J. arciformis, J. sayaxngensis, J. ringes, J. mikros). Besides this,
species of Proteacidites, Beaupreaidites, Myoporumpollenites, Crassimarginpollenites,
Cranwellia, Magnolipollis, Rutaceoipollenites, Ilexpollenites, Symplocospollenites, Nyssa-
pollenites, Palmaepollenites and Chenopodipollis were recorded. Classopollis, Exessi-
pollenites and Rugubivesieulites were abundant in this assemblage. Aquilapollenites is
rarely recorded, except along the coast region of eastern China.
In paleocene some species of Nanlingpollis Sun & He, Pentapollenites jiangsiensis,
Tricolporopollenites rombicus and Sapotaceoidaepollenitess trieoloporatus are recorded,
but Morinopollenites and Janhanpollis were unknown. Ulmoideipites, Ulmipollenites,
Ephedripites and some verrucate spores (Pterisispora) were very abundant. According
to the feature of the pouch assemblages, the flora of South China during that time was
of arid subtropical in nature. It seems to be nothing to do with other palynofloristical
provinces in the world.
III. Arid subtropical palynofloristical province of Northwestern China.
Palynofiora of this period has been recorded from a few localities throughout this
area.
Normapolles group (Atlantopollis, Pseudoatlantopollis, Chaonopollenites, BasopoUis
and ExtratriporopoUenites), Proteacigites microverrucatus, Eehitriporites magnus and
Triatriapollenites echinatus were present. Besides that, Beaupreaidites, Rutaceoi-
pollenites, Lonicerapollis and Engelhardtioipollenits were also occurred. In gymnos-
perms Ephedripites and some disaccate pollen were abundant. The percentage of
Normapolles is increasing from east to west, while Proteaeidites is decreasing.
In Paleocene Nudopollis and Trudopollis of Normapolles group were present, while
Proteacidites 8issappeared.
The palynoflora of this province was of an arid and subtropical in nature, which
is somewhat in connection with the European-Eastern American Palynofloristical Pro-
vince by the presence of Normapolles.
相似文献
3.
本文对分布于我国的椴树科(Tiliaceae)9属44种植物的花粉形态进行了光学显微镜
的系统观察，并对其中10种花粉的外壁细微结构进行了扫描电镜观察。本科花粉为长球形、
扁球形和球形，萌发孔为长3孔沟、短3孔沟和3(一4)孔三种类型，外壁主要为网状纹饰，个 别属为刺状纹饰。根据花粉资料，本文还探讨了该科植物分类中的某些问题。 相似文献
4.
本文对中国细辛属Asarum27种及4变种、1变型的花粉形态分别做了光学显微镜和扫
描电镜的观察和照相，发现该属花粉的萌发孔变异较大，可作为分亚属及分种的重要依据之
一。花粉粒外壁纹饰主要分两类：瘤状纹饰下为网状纹饰，或瘤状纹饰下为脑纹状纹饰。细辛
亚属与杜衡亚属间的界限较明显，与植物形态分类的结果基本一致。本文还讨论了国产及日
本产双叶细辛A．caulescens Maxim和华细辛A．sieboldii Miq．在花粉形态上的差异，并对植物外部形态上彼此相似的几个种的花粉的形态特征做了比较。 相似文献
5.
The pollen grains of Cochlidiosperma (Veronica) hederifolia and C. (Veronica)
cymbalaria were examined under SEM and TEM. They differ vastly from those of all
the others in Veronica (sensu Elenevskij, 1977, 1978). The taxonomic relationship be-
tween the group and the other Veronica spp. is discussed with respect to both gross
morphology and pollen characters. Justification for the restoration of the genus as
a valid taxon is argued and, finally, a number of new combinations are proposed.
The group under consideration was sometimes treated as a separate genus but
more often given different ranks in the genus Veronica, which has been a controversial
group as to its concept and subdivision. No detail discussion has been made before on
the relationship between the group and Veronica. Main purpose of the present mork
is to examine pollen morphology and gross morphology of the group and to discussits relationship with Veronica. 相似文献
6.
Tao Su Robert A Spicer Shi-Hu Li He Xu Jian Huang Sarah Sherlock Yong-Jiang Huang Shu-Feng Li Li Wang Lin-Bo Jia Wei-Yu-Dong Deng Jia Liu Cheng-Long Deng Shi-Tao Zhang Paul J Valdes Zhe-Kun Zhou 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(3):495
The uplift history of south-eastern Tibet is crucial to understanding processes driving the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas. Underpinning existing palaeoaltimetric studies has been regional mapping based in large part on biostratigraphy that assumes a Neogene modernization of the highly diverse, but threatened, Asian biota. Here, with new radiometric dating and newly collected plant-fossil archives, we quantify the surface height of part of the south-eastern margin of Tibet in the latest Eocene (∼34 Ma) to be ∼3 km and rising, possibly attaining its present elevation (3.9 km) in the early Oligocene. We also find that the Eocene–Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet witnessed leaf-size diminution and a floral composition change from sub-tropical/warm temperate to cool temperate, likely reflective of both uplift and secular climate change, and that, by the latest Eocene, floral modernization on Tibet had already taken place, implying modernization was deeply rooted in the Palaeogene. 相似文献
7.
青藏古植被的演变与青藏高原的隆起 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
徐仁 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1982,20(4):385-391
西藏北部，在早石炭世晚期位于欧亚古陆的南缘，其植物群与当时印度次大
陆的不同。在晚二叠世，藏北属华夏植物区(即大羽羊齿植物区)；印度河-雅鲁
藏布江大断裂带以南的地区出现舌羊齿植物群， 因而属冈瓦纳古陆的一部分。
到晚三叠世藏北植物群的面貌与我国西南同时代的植物群相似，与印度的则迥
然不同，显示藏北晚三叠世的植物群与南半球植物群也没有直接联系。 柴达木
侏罗纪植物群和拉萨附近早白垩世植物群与北半球的植物群有密切的关系。日
喀则晚白垩世植物群和阿里早始新世植物群也是如此。他们与印度德干玄武岩
夹层中出现的古新世植物群和印度北部始新世植物群也没有联系。 当时，西藏
的北部和南部属于两个不同的古陆，欧亚古陆和冈瓦纳古陆。 两者之间应有一
个很宽阔的特提斯海。因而，青藏的植物化石强有力地支持了大陆漂移的观点，
印度地块在晚侏罗世—白垩纪时是由非洲东南隅分离向北漂移，到始新世才与
亚洲连接，成为现在的南亚次大陆。 欧亚大陆与印度地块的接合线或许就是印
度河－雅鲁藏布江大断裂带。
从晚石炭世到早始新世的植物群的性质上看，藏北地势多半低洼。
中新世时，西藏中部和北部的植被是以落叶阔叶林为主，虽然某些地区有一
些常绿树存在，反映在中新世以前西藏中部和北部的地面已经上升到一定的程
度。在上新世时，藏北的常绿阔叶林逐渐减缩。柴达木盆地的植被转变成落叶
阔叶林－针叶林，以后转变成草原和半荒漠或荒漠，显示西藏和青海的地面进一
步抬升。
到晚上新世，藏北和青海的植被再行演变。然而，喜马拉雅地区的植被仍然
具有常绿栎林和雪松林。可能那时喜马拉雅山不像现在那么高。印度洋的季风
可以吹过喜马拉雅山，没有高山的阻碍。
第四纪是青藏山系和青藏地面上升最剧烈的时期。此时藏北已无常绿阔叶
树的存在。 到第四纪后期西藏大部分地区的植被逐渐演变为高寒荒漠。 最后， 青藏高原变成现在的情况。 相似文献
8.
The present paper deals with a collection of plant fossils from the Wu-
yun Group of Heilongjiang Province. These fossils belong to 28 families, 39 genera
and 53 species. The flora is composed of 7 species of pteridophytes, 8 of conifers and 37
of angiosperms. All have been fully described, of which ten are new species.
Most elements of this flora are subtropic or warm-temperate, with only a few of
them are temperate ones. The flora consists of conifers and broad-leaved trees adapted
to humid warm-temperate or subtropic climate.
With the physiognomy of leaves, 40 per cent of them are of entire margin, and most
are medium-sized, with some megaphyllous. The nervation is mostly palmate. These
characters indicate that the climate was warm-temperate or subtropic.
Among 35 genera known from the Late Cretaceous of East Asia, 27 are also found
in North America, which indicates that the floristic relationship between East Asia and
North Americal was closer at that time than it is now. Therefore the number of
genera in common has been decreasing through the age, because these two regions have
been detached from each other since the late Eocene, as a result of continental drift.
Only some relic forms left on both sides, and only 4.1% of genera are common to both
continents. After the early Tertiary the floras of East Asia and North America have
been developing independently.
The Chinese flora of the Late Cretaceous may be divided into three Zones from the
north to the south: (1) warm temperate-subtropic zone, rich in Metasequoia, Ginkgo,
Trochodendroides, Platanus, Trochodendron, Protophyllum, Ampelopsis Pterospermites
and Menispermites; (2) subtropic or dry subtropic transitional zone; and (3) subtropic-
tropic zone, rich in Brachyphyllum, Cinnamomum, Nectandra and Palms.
The Wuyun flora is considered closely related to the Chajiayang Group and Sikhote-
Alin flora of USSR, with 15 genera in common and also related to the Kuji flora of
Japan (Cenonian), with 11 genera in common. It is interesting to note that 11 genera
are also found in North America (Canada and Alaska) of the Late Cretaceous. The pa-
lynological assemblage of the Wuyun flora is closely related to Minshui flora of the So-
uliao Basin, 15 genera being common to the both. Seventy per cent of megafossils of
the Wuyun flora have become extinct, which seems to show that the age of the flora is
older than Paleocene and is assigned to the Latest Late Crataceous (Maestrichtian-Dani-an). 相似文献
9.
陈之端 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1991,29(6):494-503
对桦木科植物(包括6属36种)的花粉进行了光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察；系统地描
述了各属的花粉形态，划分了三种花粉类型，即桦木型、榛型、鹅耳枥型，并澄清了前人在带状加厚、孔盖和颗粒层等概念上的模糊认识。根据花粉的形态，作者不支持Hutchinson(1973)和Dahlgren(1983)把桦木科分成两个科，即榛科(包括榛属、虎榛子属、鹅耳枥属和铁木属)和桦科(包括桤木属和桦木属)；而同意Abbe(1974)将桦木科作为三个族来处理，并且认为虎榛子属应该从榛族分出，置于鹅耳枥族；尽管作者不支持Kuprianova(1963)将桦木科划分为三个科，但本文所提出的三个族与Kuprianova的三个科只是分类等级上的差异。 相似文献
10.
本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜，对我国产鸢尾属Iris L．32种植物的花粉形态进行
了观察。该属植物的花粉为舟形或近球形。萌发孔可分为远极单沟、远极单沟-拟沟、二合
沟及无萌发孔等类型。外壁主要为网状纹饰，少数具瘤状或鼓槌状纹饰。本文依据花粉形态 和其它器官特征，对本属花粉外壁及萌发孔的演化趋势及某些种的分类地位进行了探讨。 相似文献