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肖秦 《中小学心理健康教育》2023,(5):4-7
儿童性虐待逐渐成为一个社会热点问题,遭受性虐待儿童的心理健康问题引起学者的广泛关注。综合国内外有关儿童性虐待的研究发现,目前对儿童性虐待的定义并不统一,有效的心理干预措施还不健全。回顾儿童性虐待已有的研究成果,阐述了儿童性虐待的定义、影响及心理干预的有效方法,以及心理干预的三种方式——个体治疗、团体治疗、家庭治疗。通过分析儿童性虐待的现状和研究方向,旨在唤起人们对儿童性虐待的重视,为儿童性虐待的防治提供一定的参考依据。 相似文献
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儿童保护（child protection）是指针对18岁以下儿童的保护措施,一方面要防止儿童遭受暴力、虐待等身心伤害,另一方面涉及家庭、学校、社会和国家立法对儿童成长和儿童权利的保护。当前我国儿童保护的现实问题是儿童面临着人为的伤害或不可控的自然灾害。通过剖析我国儿童保护的现状我们了解到,儿童保护在我国尚未被社会及政府所重视,家庭缺乏生命和生存教育的观念,儿童缺乏自我保护的意识,社会缺乏普遍的儿童保护网络,国家缺乏专门的儿童保护机制。因而,要从儿童自身、家庭、学校、社区和立法层面看待其对儿童保护的影响,在此基础上展望儿童保护的未来,呼吁完善儿童保护体系,建立儿童保护的联动机制。 相似文献
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常雅慧 《贵阳学院学报(社会科学版)》2012,(6):41-44
儿童保护政策法规的不健全、儿童保护机制的不稳定、儿童保护主管部门较为单一以及专业社会工作人才较为缺乏等制度性因素,严重妨碍着西部地区弱势儿童保护事业的发展,造成弱势儿童权益侵犯事件屡屡发生。为切实提高西部地区弱势儿童的福祉,应建立健全儿童保护法律体系,建立儿童事务管理的党和政府双重管理体制,构建未成年人法律援助全程化机制,构建学校、家庭、社会三位一体的儿童社会支持系统,培养社会工作专业人才,以提升弱势儿童保护的专业性,注重对留守儿童、孤残儿童、受虐儿童等弱势儿童的保护与救助。 相似文献
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新华社纽约4月9日电 美国纽约市去年最后一个季度中发生数百起虐待儿童事件,人们纷纷指责市儿童福利机构对保护儿童缺少起码的责任感。《纽约时报》9日在头版显著位置刊登了纽约州社会福利部门关于虐待儿童的调查报告。调查报告指出,仅去年最后3个月,纽约市就发生了300多起虐待儿童的事件。报告说,“这表明纽约市的儿童保护工作是不完全的和令人无法接受的。”报告举例说,家住曼哈顿的6岁女童艾丽沙曾多次受到其父的性虐待,随后又被其母毒打致死。有人一再向儿童福利部门反映艾丽沙受伤害的情况,但儿童福利部门的工作人员置若罔闻,致使艾丽… 相似文献
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儿童绘画是儿童心理发展中一个既充满魅力又富有挑战性的领域,它是儿童表达自己想法最主要的途径之一。当儿童用语言不能进行表达或充分表达时,就可以通过绘画来表达内心的压抑、焦虑、恐惧和孤独。发挥儿童绘画在心理咨询中的作用,可以很好地帮助学校心理辅导员或心理咨询师与儿童建立良好的咨询关系,从而走进儿童内心世界,解读儿童的心理成长进程,为处于困境、受到创伤的儿童找寻化解心理问题的途径。一、儿童绘画是心理咨询进展的催化剂 相似文献
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儿童性侵害,又称儿童性侵犯、儿童性虐待,是指侵害者以一定的手段如权威、暴力、金钱、物质、甜言蜜语或其他方式,引诱、胁迫18岁以下的儿童,卷入任何带有性含义的相关行为或活动,如猥亵、乱伦、强暴、性交易、媒介卖淫等,以达到侵犯者的满足。 相似文献
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《佳木斯教育学院学报》2017,(4)
"家庭化"迁移浪潮下,如何更好地保护流动儿童权益成为社会各界关注的重要议题。本文借助生态系统理论和优势视角,系统地分析流动儿童需要满足及多元福利提供现状,研究发现:流动儿童发展需要和参与需要有较大提升空间;流动儿童家庭教育及交流单一化;流动儿童社区联系脆弱;流动儿童全人发展学校环境不足。在此基础上,本文提出"流动儿童、家庭、社区、学校"四位一体的流动儿童权益保护机制,发挥流动儿童的主体性,改善所处的微观系统,从而提高流动儿童权益保护水平。 相似文献
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近年来,儿童侵权事件的频发引起了社会各界的广泛关注.通过梳理近十年来我国儿童权利保护研究状况发现,研究主要围绕儿童不同权利的保护、不同类型儿童权利的保护以及不同利益相关者对儿童权利保护的影响等领域展开.虽然我国儿童权利保护研究的内容较为广泛,研究方法较为多样,研究成果也较为丰富,但仍存在诸多不足之处,如缺乏关于儿童权利保护的专项法规的研究、忽略了对儿童参与权和发展权等边缘权利的研究等等.在今后的研究中,我们可借鉴国外儿童权利保护的经验,加强儿童权利保护的专项法规研究,探寻建立学校教育、制度保障、机构保护的三维社会保护机制,不断促进儿童权利保护机制体系的健全和完善. 相似文献
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Juliette D. G. Goldman 《Pastoral Care in Education》2013,31(4):283-294
This study aims to understand how primary school teachers, as mandatory reporters of child sexual abuse, are responding to child sexual abuse and its mandatory reporting, even though many teachers do not receive a compulsory course in Child Protection and its legal requirements in their pre‐service university training. A cohort of 81 Australian final fourth‐year Bachelor of Education (Primary) student‐teachers was asked about four aspects of it. Qualitative data gathered from these student‐teachers’ questionnaires provide important insights into their knowledge of child sexual abuse; their knowledge of Department of Education policy on it; their professional competence in mandatory reporting of it; and their recommended educational and professional training in it. The results show that all of these student‐teachers feel inadequately prepared to address child sexual abuse and mandatory reporting in schools, being unaware of both knowledge of it and the Department’s policy, even though many recognise the gravity of sexual abuse for the child survivor and the need, and seriousness, of child protection. Finally, these student‐teachers all want better training about these issues during their four‐year degree. In conclusion, these results, and some recommendations, may provide a guide for curriculum planners to design compulsory and appropriate pre‐service university courses to enhance student‐teachers’ knowledge, skills and competencies about child sexual abuse and its mandatory reporting. 相似文献
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In considering the great responsibility placed upon teachers to involve themselves in child abuse prevention, education, and detection, the National Committee for Prevention of Child Abuse (NCPCA) conducted a nationwide survey of teachers from 40 school districts in 29 randomly selected counties. The survey explores teachers knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about child abuse and its prevention. Five hundred and sixty-eight teachers responded, revealing that while the majority of teachers confront child abuse among their students, they are provided insufficient education on how to address it. Other findings are reported with respect to teachers' reporting behavior, potential barriers to reporting, child assault prevention programs, and corporal punishment in schools. 相似文献
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Dimensions of child sexual abuse before age 15 in three Central American countries: Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of sexual abuse during childhood or adolescence varies depending on the definitions and age categories used. This study examines the first national, population-based data available on child sexual abuse that occurs before age 15 in three countries: El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. This study uses comparable indicators and measures of sexual abuse for the three countries to document the prevalence of abuse, types of perpetrators, and the association of child sexual abuse with recent intimate partner violence. METHODS: Child sexual abuse was defined as sexual abuse that first occurs before age 15. Nationally representative data from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras were used. In El Salvador, separate questions on forced intercourse and non-penetrative sexual abuse were asked. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using STATA Version 8SE. RESULTS: The prevalence of child sexual abuse varied from 7.8% in Honduras to 6.4% in El Salvador and 4.7% in Guatemala. In all three countries, the overwhelming majority of women who reported child sexual abuse first experienced the abuse before age 11. Perpetrators tended to be a family member, a neighbor, or an acquaintance. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated that women who experienced child sexual abuse in Guatemala and Honduras were about two times more likely to be in violent relationships as women who did not experience abuse. This relationship was not significant in multivariate analyses for El Salvador where the prevalence of intimate partner violence was the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: Child sexual abuse in Central America is clearly a problem with the prevalence between 5% and 8%. Child sexual abuse can have long-term negative health impacts including exposure to intimate partner violence in adulthood. Programs to prevent abuse and treat victims of child sexual abuse are needed in Central America. 相似文献
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John D. Whelen 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2020,52(14):1458-1469
AbstractThe final report of the Australian Royal Commission into institutional responses to child sexual abuse comprises 17 volumes, one of which addresses its findings in relation to schools. In this article, I raise two key questions in response to the devastating details of the allegations made by survivors of their abuse: how was any of this possible, and what really does go on in schools? In answer to these questions, I critique both the codes of ethics and conduct authored by the Victorian Institute of Teaching and draw attention to their conceptual inadequacy and terminal ambiguity. I then make a case for renewed research into sociological and historical aspects of schooling in Australia, emphasising a need to gain access to ‘private’, especially boarding, schools. In particular, I argue for a Foucauldian approach to understanding how education in catholic seminaries needs to be better understood in the context of child sexual abuse in Catholic schools. 相似文献
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BackgroundChild abuse is a major concern in India with frequent reports of extreme maltreatment and fatalities. A dearth of robust and methodologically sound studies has resulted in ambiguity regarding the extent of child abuse in the general population.ObjectivesTo estimate the one-year and lifelong prevalence of exposure to violence, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect using a validated instrument—the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool – Child, Home Version (ICAST-CH).Participants and Setting: Adolescents (n = 6957) attending randomly selected schools in one city in Kerala, India.MethodsCross-sectional survey using self-report instrument.ResultsThe one-year prevalence of any abuse was 89.9% (95% CI: 89.1–90.7) suggesting that child maltreatment was widespread. Physical and emotional abuses were also very common. Although sexual abuse was least common, a considerable proportion of adolescents reported it; one-year prevalence of sexual abuse was 16.7% and lifetime prevalence was 19.9%. Boys reported more abuse than girls across all the categories of abuse (including sexual abuse). Abuse was more frequent in the higher age groups and classes at school. Abuse was also more frequent in nuclear families and families that reported alcohol use. Children who reported an abusive experience usually faced more than one category of abuse; abuse in one category was significantly associated with abuse in other categories.ConclusionsAbuse of children is alarmingly common. There is an urgent need for improving the awareness surrounding this issue as it is a major public health challenge faced by the country. The priority should be on setting up easily accessible support services for children. 相似文献
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Kerryann Walsh Donna Berthelsen Jan M. Nicholson Leisa Brandon Judyann Stevens Jerome N. Rachele 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(5):649-680
The past four decades have seen increasing public and professional awareness of child sexual abuse. Congruent with public health approaches to prevention, efforts to eliminate child sexual abuse have inspired the emergence of prevention initiatives which can be provided to all children as part of their standard school curriculum. However, relatively little is known about the scope and nature of child sexual abuse prevention efforts in government school systems internationally. This paper assesses and compares the policies and curriculum initiatives in primary (elementary) schools across state and territory Departments of Education in Australia. Using publicly available electronic data, a deductive qualitative content analysis of policy and curriculum documents was undertaken to examine the characteristics of child sexual abuse prevention education in these school systems. It was found that the system-level provision occurs unevenly across state and territory jurisdictions. This results in the potential for substantial inequity in Australian children’s access to learning opportunities in child abuse prevention education as a part of their standard school curriculum. In this research, we have developed a strategy for generating a set of theoretically-sound empirical criteria that may be more extensively applied in comparative research about prevention initiatives internationally. 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper was to examine the characteristics of the victims and abusers of child abuse cases on the Child Protection Registry in Hong Kong as of March 1995 and to compare findings with a similar community report of child abuse in Hong Kong conducted approximately 15 years earlier. As of March 31, 1995, there were 457 active cases of child abuse or suspected child abuse (44% male and 56% female) on the computerized Child Protection Registry. Fifty percent of the victims were grade school age children between 7–12, and 62.4% suffered physical abuse. The abusers or suspected abusers were 52% male and 48% female with nearly half (49%) in their thirties. The majority of abusers were married/cohabiting (75%) with only a grade school education (60%). As compared to 1979, there was an increase of sexual child abuse cases, female victims of child abuse, and an increase in male abusers or suspected abusers. 相似文献
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Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is highly prevalent and associated with a wide variety of negative mental and physical health outcomes. School-based CSA education and prevention programs have shown promise, but it is unclear to what extent community-level characteristics are related to their effectiveness. The present cluster randomized controlled trial evaluated community-level moderators of the Safe@Lastprogramcomparedtoawaitlistcontrolcondition.(*) Knowledge gains from pre- to post-intervention were assessed in 5 domains: safe versus unsafe people; safe choices; problem-solving; clear disclosure; and assertiveness. Participants were 1177 students (46% White, 26% African American, 15% Hispanic, 4% Asian American, 6% Other) in grades 1 through 6 from 14 public schools in Tennessee. Multilevel models accounting for the nesting of children within schools revealed large effect sizes for the intervention versus control across all knowledge domains (d’s ranged from 1.56 to 2.13). The effectiveness of the program was moderated by mean per capita income and rates of substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect in the community. Intervention effects were stronger for youth living in lower as compared to higher income counties, and for youth attending schools in counties with lower as compared to higher abuse/neglect rates. Child characteristics (sex, race) did not moderate intervention effects. This research identified two community-level factors that predicted the effectiveness of a CSA education and prevention program designed to improve children’s knowledge of personal safety skills. School-based CSA prevention programs may require modification for communities with higher rates of child abuse and neglect. 相似文献
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While awareness of institutional child sexual abuse has grown in recent years, there remains limited understanding of its occurrence and outcomes as a distinct form of abuse. Drawing on research commissioned by the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, this article presents a rapid review of available evidence on the impacts of institutional abuse on victim/survivors. Literature searches identified 75 sources spanning international peer reviewed work and reports to Government that document or quantify the impacts of mostly historical child sexual abuse occurring in religious, educational, sporting and residential or out-of-home care settings. Consistent with child sexual abuse in other contexts, institutional child sexual abuse is found to be associated with numerous, pervasive and connected impacts upon the psychological, physical, social, educative and economic wellbeing of victims/survivors. Further, institutional child sexual abuse is associated with vicarious trauma at the individual, family and community level, and with impacts to the spiritual wellbeing of victims/survivors of abuse that occurs in religious settings. The identified literature suggests the trauma of institutional child sexual abuse may be exacerbated by the interplay of abuse dynamics in institutional settings, which may reduce or impede circumstances supporting disclosure, belief, support and protection from future harm. Acknowledging the limitations of the present study and the available evidence, this narrative synthesis provides insights into the complex impacts of institutional child sexual abuse. 相似文献
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The National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect was a major, government sponsored effort to collect data on reported and unreported child abuse. It used a systematic representative sample methodology and very precisely developed definitions of child abuse. This paper reviews some of the main limitations of the study in regard to findings on sexual abuse. First, there is probably less “new” data in the study on sexual abuse than on other forms of abuse, since so many of the study cases of sexual abuse were “officially reported” cases. In addition, the study limited its definition of sexual abuse only to cases where a caretaker was the perpetrator, a definition that is much more restrictive than what is used in many treatment programs. Finally, the data on perpetrators has a number of problems that stem from the study's definitions of sexual abuse. The paper makes suggestions for future incidence type studies of sexual abuse. 相似文献