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1.
Reading is a language art! In acquiring competence in reading we build on proficiencies already available in the primary (spoken)
language system. Language is made up of three primary components that impact on reading—phonology, or the sound structure
of language including syllables and phonemes; syntax, or the rules governing the sequential ordering of words in phrases and
sentences; and semantics, or the meaning system that is attached to words and phrases as a consequence of experiences in a
variety of contexts. All three depend upon adequate short- and long-term memory capacities and functioning for their growth
and refinement. Additionally, the bridging of speech to print, or the task of establishing sound/symbol correspondences in
beginning reading draws not only upon phonological competencies and memory, it is also dependent upon the discovery that words
are made up of smaller and isolable parts. This knowledge is often referred to as auditory segmenting which is one aspect
of metalinguistic awareness.
This paper will discuss these five language roots of reading. The authors will report on research that demonstrates that children,
upon school entrance, do not all possess equal levels of competencies in these five critical language areas. Since success
in beginning reading is dependent upon the adequate development and functioning of each of the five language areas noted above,
early school experiences should be directed toward language development, as well as reading instruction, if we are to reduce
the incidence of reading difficulties in our schools. Finally, we will offer suggestions for enhancing language competencies
that will support and promote the acquisition of reading. 相似文献
2.
王兰春 《语文学刊:高等教育版》2008,(8):5-8
英语句法也称为英语的句子结构,被不同的语言学家赋予了丰富的含义。传统上称之为语法,也曾被称作“曲折变化”。这使句法学有别于音位学和语义学。语言知识不仅意味着对其发音和词汇的掌握,也包括对能够表达完整观点所需短语和句子单词的组织能力。词并不是任意排列就能组合成有意义的句子,而是必须按照一定的词序规则才行。这些规则是什么？笔者通过句法概念、句法与形态学、纵聚合与横组合、成分关系及依存关系等几个方面谈谈自己对句子结构方面粗浅的看法。 相似文献
3.
句法是制约着句子组合合法性的规则,即组词成句的规则。话语句法规则的意义既是语义学关注的内容,也是语用学的考察对象。在言语交际过程中,人们把握话语规则:一方面能够帮助人们认知句子在生成过程中的规律、规则;另一方面也能够帮助人们掌握话语的基本表达式在不同语境中的动态变化。所以,在语言逻辑视域中,话语规则的句法意义及其展开与深化,更能够帮助人们加深对语言与认识密切关系的研究。文章在分析言语交际与话语规则的基础上,论述了语言逻辑视域中话语规则的句法意义,以及这种句法意义的展开与深化在语言认知中的重要作用。 相似文献
4.
中国大陆手语语言学研究现状 总被引：1，自引：6，他引：1
虽然近些年来聋人手语的语言地位在中国大陆逐渐得到认可,针对手语的研究也日渐丰富,但同美国及欧洲等国家相比,中国大陆的手语研究还相对落后,尤其是手语的语言学研究。有鉴于此,本文试图从语音、形态、语义、语用、句法及其历史发展和演化这几个部分对现阶段中国大陆的手语语言学研究做个归纳总结。总的来说,中国大陆手语语音学、音位学和形态学的研究已初见规模,而手语语义学和句法学只有零散的研究,手语语用学的研究则几乎为零。 相似文献
5.
邓建国 《广东教育学院学报》2008,28(1):95-98
语域是指在特定的语言环境中使用的、有一定的语言特征的语言变体。韩礼德认为语域由语场、语旨和语式三方面的因素决定。外贸英语信函是一种语言变体,其使用的情景因素,即语场、语旨和语式,决定了其文体特点。不论在词汇上,还是在句法上,外贸英语信函都表现出独特的文体特征。在词汇上,外贸英语信函频繁使用专业术语、礼貌词语、情态动词、大词和古体词语;在句法上。外贸英语信函常用复杂句、长句和被动语态。 相似文献
6.
俚语是英语中较为活跃的语言成分，它从大量不同亚化的黑话，行话及暗语中溢出而进入主流化，英语中除了极少数俚语是新造词外，大部分则是源于旧词赋予新义而成，本从语音，词法，语义三个方面来分析俚语的理据，以期帮助人们了解和识别俚语含义及其隐含在俚语中的一些现象。 相似文献
7.
Conclusions Although we do not understand very well what the processes are that contribute to language development, it is clear that communication plays a central role. As children strive to become increasingly skilled at communicating their ideas (White, 1959), as they have increasingly complex ideas to communicate (Piaget, 1955), and as they encounter an increasingly diverse set of people with whom to communicate (Brown, 1973), they must learn to use language which is richer and more flexible.When children come to school or to a day care center they already know a great deal about language. They have readily and actively mastered words, sentences and forms of communication which they need in their own family and community. In their new environment—the school or center—children's language development can further be fostered by adults who are receptive to children's efforts at communication. Adults who encourage children to use language in new ways, who attend to what children mean to say and who recognize that children's errors are often not mistakes, are likely to play a positive role in children's language development.Janet H. Kane and Karen Sheingold are on the Staff at Bank Street College of Education. 相似文献
8.
James Javorsky 《Annals of dyslexia》1995,45(1):215-231
This study examined the relationship between psychiatric and language disorders in a sample of youth who were hospitalized
at a private psychiatric hospital. Ninety six participants were given a test battery that consisted of tests measuring phonology,
syntax, and semantics. The resulting sample scored in the average range on IQ measures and in the low-average to below-average
range on written language abilities tests. Over 33% of the participants qualified for the diagnosis of a language learning
disability (LLD); however, only 44% of those participants who qualified as LLD were receiving special education services upon
admission. The participants who had both a psychiatric and LLD exhibited significant deficits in both phonology and syntax.
General implications for identification and treatment are presented. 相似文献
9.
杨宁 《语文学刊:高等教育版》2008,(2):36-43
优选理论中的制约条件具有普遍性和可违背性。优选理论最初应用于形态音系学。近年来很多研究将优选理论应用于句法、语义和语言习得领域。不同语言中可违背性制约条件的强度排序不同,解释了语言变异现象。 相似文献
10.
Repetition priming was used to examine whether children with dyslexia bias a lexical–semantic pathway when reading words aloud. For the dyslexic group (n = 18, age 9.4–11.8 years), but not for age‐matched controls (n = 18, age 9.2–12.4 years), reaction times when naming pictures were faster after naming the corresponding word. A reading age‐matched control group (n = 24, age 6.8–8.9 years) showed similar priming effects to the children with dyslexia. The magnitude of repetition priming was greater for children with dyslexia with poor nonword reading and slower picture naming. Assuming repetition priming of picture naming is contingent on accessing lexical phonology via semantics, the results suggest less‐skilled normal and disordered readers show a stronger bias towards a lexical– semantic pathway during word reading than skilled readers, and the severity of the phonological representations deficit modulates the strength of that bias in children with dyslexia. 相似文献
11.
成燕燕 《伊犁师范学院学报》2008,(4):6-10
类型学是研究跨语言现象的一门语言学分支。句子成分之间存在两种不同性质的关系—语法结构关系和语义结构关系。这两种同时存在的关系,总是同时影响着句子的表达。对汉语和哈萨克语比较句从句法、语义层面进行对比分析,可以找出两种语言比较句的异同,对两种语言的特有现象得到充分的认识。同时可以对哈萨克族学生学习汉语比较句产生偏误的原因给予合理的解释,对改进汉语教学也会有所裨益。 相似文献
12.
13.
Kathleen A. Cronin 《Exceptionality》2014,22(3):141-157
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among oral language, decoding, and reading comprehension for children with autism. Participants included 13 English-speaking children with a diagnosis of high-functioning autism (IQ > 70) who were included in a typical classroom, and who had parents who spoke English. Parts of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, OWLS: Listening Comprehension, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were administered to measure oral language abilities, and parts of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test and Test of Word Reading Efficiency were given to assess decoding and reading comprehension. Results indicated there was no significant relationship between phonology and decoding, but there was a significant relationship between semantics and decoding. There were also significant relationships between semantics and comprehension and syntax and comprehension. 相似文献
14.
闫新红 《乌鲁木齐成人教育学院学报》2007,15(4):22-25
文章从维吾尔语中存在的大量重叠词入手,阐明了维吾尔语的各类实词都能重叠(代词除外),探讨了维吾尔语重叠词的构成方式和重叠后引起的词性变化,以及在语法、语义、语音等方面的作用。 相似文献
15.
Language Impairment in Less Skilled Comprehenders: The On-Line Processing of Anaphoric Pronouns in a Listening Situation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The purpose of this experiment, conducted with second-grade children (mean age: 7;8), was to examine the hypothesis that less
skilled comprehenders in a reading situation suffer an impairment in spoken language comprehension and, more specifically,
in the on-line processing of anaphoric pronouns. Skilled and less skilled comprehenders performed a cross-modal naming task
investigating the effects of pronoun gender and pragmatic inference from the verb on the integration of two successive sentences.
Results revealed different patterns of effects in the two groups. The skilled comprehenders integrated on-line sentences by
relying on pronoun gender and verb meaning. Pronoun gender appeared to exert a dominant influence relative to verb bias. In
the less skilled comprehenders, on-line integration was not systematic, being dependent on the meaning of the verb and the
proximity of the referent. Complementary analyses revealed similar patterns of effects among less skilled comprehenders, whether
they were good decoders or poor decoders. These results show that less skilled comprehenders are developmentally delayed compared
with their skilled peers, and extend the language impairment hypothesis to cover discourse-level processes. 相似文献
16.
Cyber language is a third language,which lies between spoken language and written language.Cyber language consists of three elements:1) technical terms that are related to computer science and network technology;2) new words and phrases that are related to cyber culture;and 3) cyber slang that is used mainly in CMC(Qin Xiubai,2003).Cyber language has its own linguistic features at four levels,namely,phonology,graphology,lexicon,syntax,and discourse. 相似文献
17.
段波 《贵阳学院学报(社会科学版)》2001,(1)
本文从语言学一般范畴来研究英语习语变体这一特殊语言现象 ,从词汇、句法、句意、语音等方面探讨了习语活用的形式 ,习语活用的一般规律性及习语变体的可变度 ,以指导语言教学 ,并从交际修辞和美学修辞的角度概述了习语变体的修辞特色及其文体效果。 相似文献
18.
乌鲁木齐拜·杰特拜 《伊犁师范学院学报》2011,(4):17-21
人们利用语言传递有关客观世界的信息的同时也表达出自己对于所言内容的主观态度,情态词是主观态度的重要表达手段之一。哈萨克语的情态词活跃于人们的口语和书面语交际中,在言语交际中发挥着积极而独特的作用。学术界把情态词已确定为一个独立的词类．列入助词的特殊类别,但争论很大。从语义学、形态学以及句法功能学角度对哈萨克语的情态词的... 相似文献
19.
林月爱 《温州职业技术学院学报》2005,5(1):83-85
传统的词、句为主的教学模式在近几年逐渐被一种以语篇教学为中心、以培养学生交际能力为目的、以发展学生英语运用能力为导向的课堂教学模式所取代。本文就语篇教学的优势、类型及其实施等方面进行了探讨，以期抛砖引玉，共同商讨我国外语教学发展的新途径。 相似文献
20.
在现代汉语中,复合词与词组在结构关系上是基本一致的.这就造成了复合词与词组之间界限难以厘清,对词身份的认定变成了一个难题.通常用来辩认词的原则有语法标准、语义标准、语音标准和其他一些标准.但这些标准都不是自足的,要综合运用这些原则才能够帮助我们确认是否是词. 相似文献