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1.
ERRAN CARMEL 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):125-142
United States-based companies continue to dominate the global market in packaged software. Although many have predicted this U.S. dominance will wane, particularly as a result of competitive threats from Japan, and more recently from low-wage, developing nations, erosion has yet to be significant. The United States benefits from nine factors that sustain its advantage in this industry: skilled labor, favorable capital conditions, sophisticated customers, close association with hardware vendors, a competitive marketplace, geographic concentrations, first-mover advantage, a strong intellectual property regime, and English as the software lingua franca. Industry-specific strengths and weaknesses vis-a-vis Europe, Japan, and other nations are also discussed. In addition to these nine better known U.S. competitive advantages, two culturally linked assertions are presented that have received scant attention vis-a-vis competitive analysis. First, the industrial evolution of software development is at an immature stage-still a cottage industry practiced by craftsmen in a cultural milieu of artisans-and thus does not track other global high-technology trends. Second, packaged software is part of the copyright industry (e.g., film and music) in which United States-based firms have a sustained advantage. While manufacturing capabilities are significant for technology industries, culturally related factors, such as creativity, are more important for copyright industries. The U.S. ''culture of software,'' which helps explain U.S. hegemony, is introduced and discussed. The three elements of this culture are the culture of individuals as manifested by the individualistic computer hacker; the entrepreneurial culture and its risk-taking ethos; and the software development culture with its embrace of ad hoc, innovation-driven development as opposed to routinized, production-driven development. 相似文献
2.
Erran Carmel 《The Information Society》1997,13(1):125-142
United States-based companies continue to dominate the global market in packaged software. Although many have predicted this U.S. dominance will wane, particularly as a result of competitive threats from Japan, and more recently from low-wage, developing nations, erosion has yet to be significant. The United States benefits from nine factors that sustain its advantage in this industry: skilled labor, favorable capital conditions, sophisticated customers, close association with hardware vendors, a competitive marketplace, geographic concentrations, first-mover advantage, a strong intellectual property regime, and English as the software lingua franca. Industry-specific strengths and weaknesses vis-a-vis Europe, Japan, and other nations are also discussed. In addition to these nine better known U.S. competitive advantages, two culturally linked assertions are presented that have received scant attention vis-a-vis competitive analysis. First, the industrial evolution of software development is at an immature stage-still a cottage industry practiced by craftsmen in a cultural milieu of artisans-and thus does not track other global high-technology trends. Second, packaged software is part of the copyright industry (e.g., film and music) in which United States-based firms have a sustained advantage. While manufacturing capabilities are significant for technology industries, culturally related factors, such as creativity, are more important for copyright industries. The U.S. 'culture of software,' which helps explain U.S. hegemony, is introduced and discussed. The three elements of this culture are the culture of individuals as manifested by the individualistic computer hacker; the entrepreneurial culture and its risk-taking ethos; and the software development culture with its embrace of ad hoc, innovation-driven development as opposed to routinized, production-driven development. 相似文献
3.
《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(4):339-349
Software vendors often provide free downloads of free trial versions of software but normally with some restrictions attached (e.g., time and/or functionality restrictions). The question arises as to what extent the restrictions could influence a user’s propensity to procure the full version. This study seeks to answer this question through two important theoretical backbones: expectation-disconfirmation and coping. Based on these two theories, we built a research model of a user’s coping reactions toward software trial restrictions. A field experiment was conducted to verify the hypotheses. Results show that negative disconfirmation on time/functionality restriction positively influenced the adoption of rational thinking strategy, which in turn positively influence the level of action coping. As a result, the degree to which rational thinking and action coping strategy were exploited positively influenced a user’s willingness to pay for the full-version software. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
4.
【目的/意义】探索新媒体时代短视频网络舆情传播的影响因素及动态演化,了解短视频用户的影响因素及
动态演化过程,有助于网络舆情监管部门加强短视频网络舆情管理,为相关机构或部门在进行社会治理的过程中
提供更及时有效的信息服务。【方法/过程】以计划行为、信息行为理论为基础,以新媒体机构官方账号为研究案例,
获取短视频新闻对应用户信息数据,设置影响因素指标权重,构建新媒体短视频网络舆情传播影响因素模型;综合
信息因素、信息技术、信息环境和信息主体等多个维度测算短视频传播影响因素权重,分析其传播影响效果;同时
构建短视频传播行为的动态演化模型,并做出仿真动态演化过程。【结果/结论】研究结果表明,信息因素对新媒体
短视频网络舆情传播有显著影响,信息技术对新媒体短视频网络舆情传播影响较低,动态演化过程说明传播易感
者的数量与未被感染的易感者逐渐趋同,最终即使有新媒体的不断加入,舆情传播也不再继续。【创新/局限】从多
维角度构建用户行为的影响因素模型,用仿真法对短视频传播的动态演化进行分析,为正确引导短视频网络舆情
传播提供科学管理依据。未来的研究将获取更广泛的数据源进行更深层次的网络模型研究。 相似文献
5.
Joel West 《Research Policy》2003,32(7):1259-1285
Computer platforms provide an integrated architecture of hardware and software standards as a basis for developing complementary assets. The most successful platforms were owned by proprietary sponsors that controlled platform evolution and appropriated associated rewards.Responding to the Internet and open source systems, three traditional vendors of proprietary platforms experimented with hybrid strategies which attempted to combine the advantages of open source software while retaining control and differentiation. Such hybrid standards strategies reflect the competing imperatives for adoption and appropriability, and suggest the conditions under which such strategies may be preferable to either the purely open or purely proprietary alternatives. 相似文献
6.
Vendors and clients collaborate on outsourcing projects through virtual teams. Trust is an important indicator of mutual relationships that lead to successful projects. This study’s objective is to investigate the determinants of trust in different stages of collaboration during offshore software-development outsourcing. Using a case study approach to collect data, we find that reputation, a cognition-based trust factor, influences clients’ trust in vendors in the team-forming stage. Responsible team climate, a knowledge-based trust factor, impacts clients’ trust in vendors in the team-storming and norming stages of software design and development. Structural assurance, an institutional trust factor, encourages vendors’ trust in clients in the same team-storming and norming stages of software design and development. Benefit, a calculative-based trust factor, influences vendors’ trust in clients in the team-performing stage of software delivery and implementation. Our research findings have implications for software-outsourcing collaboration theories and practices and may have implications beyond that sphere, including team building in multiple contexts and environments. 相似文献
7.
【目的/意义】目前舆情情感演化研究大多是基于主题的方法来进行情感演化分析且重点均集中在从文本
本身提取的信息上,对在社交媒体中影响情感分析的用户特征缺乏考虑。【方法/过程】本文充分考虑网络用户信息
特征,构建融合用户特征的舆情情感演化方法,提出一种基于用户注意力机制的情感分析模型（U-BiLSTM）,并以
新冠肺炎疫情事件为例分析舆情情感演化过程。【结果/结论】研究结果表明U-BiLSTM情感分析模型具有一定的
优越性,F1值和准确率能达到97.08%和95.19%。【创新/局限】研究提出的融合用户注意力机制的情感分析模型能够
使舆情情感演化分析具有一定的可解释性,有效揭示面向突发公共卫生事件下网民的情感演化趋势,但由于时间
和设备条件的限制,仅采用单一数据源未考虑数据的多源性,研究的数据集不够充分且研究角度仅考虑时间维度
忽略了空间维度。 相似文献
8.
通过阐述云计算的经典案例,结合各主流厂商比如Google、Amazon以及微软关于云计算的理念,得出云计算的基本原理和相关特征,并且指出云计算所面临的安全、标准、适用范围、可用性等方面的挑战。 相似文献
9.
在当前数据量越来越大、数据结构越来越多样化的背景下,应用系统对硬件和软件都提出了前所未有的高要求。面对这样的挑战,利用云操作系统和大容量磁盘阵列的结合可以加速访问,提升用户体验。对于以文献检索和下载为主的信息共享服务平台来说,这种结合能够提供更快的检索、更稳定的下载服务,同时可解决原文的存储问题,并为建立元数据仓库打下基础。 相似文献
10.
11.
利用推送技术根据用户需要,有目的、定制以及个性化地为用户提供信息主动服务。第三代、第四代移动通信技术的进步,以及智能手机的普及,使得信息的推送通知服务已经成为智能手机的重要功能。 相似文献
12.
对日软件外包业务能给发包方与承包方带来丰厚的利润以及各方面的好处,日本参与软件发包的企业日益增多,同时,参与承接对日软件外包业务的承包方——以中国,印度为首的承包国也在日益增加,对日软件外包市场的竞争格局日趋复杂。通过对发包方与承包方两方面的分析,得出中国在目前的竞争中所处的位置以及给出相应的竞争策略,为中国软件外包企业今后的发展提供参考。 相似文献
13.
本文在介绍用户体验概念的基础上,通过用户个体行为和群体行为分析,提出Web环境下的用户体验设计要注重个体行为体验和社群交互体验两方面,以个性化的信息空间和开放、共享的社群体验设计,不仅实现以用户为中心的、量身定制的用户体验,还要满足用户的社会化需求和自我价值的实现,这是超越传统个体行为体验的新形式。 相似文献
14.
【目的/意义】旨在从网络舆情用户信息及文本内容视角出发,构建不同维度的网络舆情主题图谱,结合主
题图谱对网络舆情进行特征演化及可视化分析,为舆情管理提供参考。【方法/过程】本文以实体抽取和关系构建技
术为基础,构建了网络舆情主题图谱模型,并以“台风利奇马”事件为例,建立了三个不同维度的主题图谱,结合用
户和文本等多维度微观数据,对网络舆情特征演化进行分析。【结果/结论】在该事件中,用户影响力节点具备多元
化、相关性、官方主导性等特点;网络舆情演化对应台风事件发展存在一定的滞后性;PC终端存在传播媒介种类少、
发博数量多且用户集中等特点,移动终端存在传播媒介种类多、发博数量少且用户分布均匀等特点。【创新/局限】
本文借助主题图谱,构建了网络舆情用户节点和文本节点及其关联关系,从用户、账户、内容三个维度系统且全面
的展示了网络舆情特征的演化规律。 相似文献
15.
In this paper, we define and present a comprehensive classification of user intent for Web searching. The classification consists of three hierarchical levels of informational, navigational, and transactional intent. After deriving attributes of each, we then developed a software application that automatically classified queries using a Web search engine log of over a million and a half queries submitted by several hundred thousand users. Our findings show that more than 80% of Web queries are informational in nature, with about 10% each being navigational and transactional. In order to validate the accuracy of our algorithm, we manually coded 400 queries and compared the results from this manual classification to the results determined by the automated method. This comparison showed that the automatic classification has an accuracy of 74%. Of the remaining 25% of the queries, the user intent is vague or multi-faceted, pointing to the need for probabilistic classification. We discuss how search engines can use knowledge of user intent to provide more targeted and relevant results in Web searching. 相似文献
16.
17.
In this paper, we present ViGOR (Video Grouping, Organisation and Recommendation), an exploratory video retrieval system. Exploratory video retrieval tasks are hampered by the lack of semantics associated to video and the overwhelming amount of video items stored in these types of collections (e.g. YouTube, MSN video, etc.). In order to help facilitate these exploratory video search tasks we present a system that utilises two complementary approaches: the first a new search paradigm that allows the semantic grouping of videos and the second the exploitation of past usage history in order to provide video recommendations. We present two types of recommendation techniques adapted to the grouping search paradigm: the first is a global recommendation, which couples the multi-faceted nature of explorative video retrieval tasks with the current user need of information in order to provide recommendations, and second is a local recommendation, which exploits the organisational features of ViGOR in order to provide more localised recommendations based on a specific aspect of the user task. Two user evaluations were carried out in order to (1) validate the new search paradigm provided by ViGOR, characterised by the grouping functionalities and (2) evaluate the usefulness of the proposed recommendation approaches when integrated into ViGOR. The results of our evaluations show (1) that the grouping, organisational and recommendation functionalities can result in an improvement in the users’ search performance without adversely impacting their perceptions of the system and (2) that both recommendation approaches are relevant to the users at different stages of their search, showing the importance of using multi-faceted recommendations for video retrieval systems and also illustrating the many uses of collaborative recommendations for exploratory video search tasks. 相似文献
18.
研究可拓优度评价法在CRM软件供应商选择中的应用问题。首先构建CRM软件供应商的可拓优度评价模型,然后运用可拓优度评价法对模型进行求解,得出各个待选供应商的优度,根据优度的排序,确立最佳供应商。最后结合具体实例进行分析,为CRM软件供应商的选择提供一定的参考价值。其中权重的确定创新地运用模糊层次分析法与熵值法相结合的组合赋权法,综合考虑了指标的主客观成分,将专家判断和客观分析相结合可得到比较可观、实际的权重值,并探讨了主客观权重偏好系数的取值问题。 相似文献
19.
本文构建一个两阶段被调节的中介模型,以软件外包关系为研究情境,探讨领域知识专用性投资对投资方能力构建的作用机制、作用效应及其调节因素。运用广义路径分析框架法,基于194对软件外包关系进行实证研究,主要结论包括:软件外包企业的领域知识专用性投资以客户知识溢出为中介促进能力构建;外包承接能力和吸收能力分别在第一和第二阶段对间接效应发挥调节作用。本研究提供了领域知识专用性投资对投资方独特效应的新证据,进一步揭示了相关的作用机制及权变因素。并且,研究结论对软件外包企业的经营实践具有启示意义。 相似文献
20.
Luiz Antonio Joia José Carlos dos Santos Vinhais 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2017,28(2):261-272
This article seeks to analyse the migration trajectory from commercial off-the-shelf and closed source software to open source software in order to establish the critical success/resistance factors associated with the replacement of the extant Microsoft Office with Open Office software in a private Brazilian company. The bibliographical review of this work addresses adoption/resistance to information systems, which is the theoretical framework adopted to explain the data collected. The single case study method was then applied and data was collected via documentation analysis, interviews, questionnaires, and direct and participant observation. Data analysis was then conducted by means of content analysis and non-parametric statistics. Based on that, three types of user behaviour were identified with respect to the intention to use open source software, namely adopters, partial adopters, and non-adopters. Finally, the reasons for such behaviour were set forth and discussed in order to make the implications of the study clear. 相似文献